• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.263-273
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• 2019

Pictorial typography is a fusion of image and type, which makes it possible to easily and quickly recognize information by complementing the boredom of characters and ambiguity of images. In this study, 6 classes were assigned to the 30 students in A specialization design class and applied artistic propel method to the pictorial typography design class, followed by the process of perception, reflection and creation, We analyze the two evaluation factors, functional and aesthetic changes, and verify the validity of the artpropel course. In the pre-post survey conducted in this study, the self - evaluation and the peer evaluation were improved. Functionality increased by 5.34 points in self evaluation, 5.4 points in peer evaluation, and 2.1 points in self evaluation and 1.8 points in peer evaluation. As a result, it can be seen that the pictorial typography class through the artpropel process helped to improve the functionality and aesthetic, and the effect of functionality was more significant than the aesthetic.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.163-181
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to confirm what the stress factors are in performing their jobs among librarians in Public libraries. The study further investigates to figure out the difference of the degree in cognition of job stress according to demographic characteristics of individuals and the impacts of the stress factors on job satisfaction. A survey was conducted for the study sending questionaires to 113 librarians working in 14 Public libraries in Pusan. The results of the study are followings: 1) Females experience higher job stress than males. 2) The younger the age, the higher the job stress. Also, the shorter the year at work, the higher the job stress. 3) The lower the license class, the higher the job stress. Also, singles than married have higher job stress. 4) In the impacts of stress factors on job satisfaction, role conflict is the most powerful factor, and then role overload, career development, role underload, role ambiguity and interpersonal relation, each in order.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2004

There are informal, semi-formal and formal methods in software specification. Among them, formal method which is based on mathematical theory had been used to remove ambiguity, incompleteness and contradiction efficiently. In this paper, we propose implementation steps from Z specification to EJB source code, Also, as a case study we show steps consisted of specifying stack data structure and implementing it in EJB. In conclusion, Z specification proved to be capable of implementing EJB interface, exception class, method, through refinement and definition of schema, interface, post-condition, pre-condition.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

This paper presents a new method of classification of the induction machine faults using Time Frequency Representation, Particle Swarm Optimization and artificial neural network. The essence of the feature extraction is to project from faulty machine to a low size signal time-frequency representation (TFR), which is deliberately designed for maximizing the separability between classes, a distinct TFR is designed for each class. The feature vectors size is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). The classifier is designed using an artificial neural network. This method allows an accurate classification independently of load level. The introduction of the PSO in the classification procedure has given good results using the reduced size of the feature vectors obtained by the optimization process. These results are validated on a 5.5-kW induction motor test bench.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.197-208
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• 2014

In this study, we have looked into how factors of 'entrepreneurship' and 'entrepreneurship education satisfaction' affect the 'entrepreneurial intentions'. Regarding how entrepreneurship affects the entrepreneurial intentions, this study was intended to verify the mediating effect(s) of 'entrepreneurship education satisfaction'. Was a survey of the startup classes of K university students take to achieve the objects of the present study, the result of th empirical relationship between th variables is as follows. This study shows that the achievement needs and risk taking of the entrepreneurship have meaningful (+) effect on the entrepreneurial intentions, And also 'entrepreneurship education satisfaction' is positively mediating 'the achievement needs' and 'the risk taking', but not applied to ambiguity acceptance of entrepreneurship. This study implies that growing confidence and entrepreneurial spirit through entrepreneurship expert education have positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. For this study, we have conducted a survey targeting the students who take a class of entrepreneurship in K institute of Technology.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-69
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• 2014

The theory of creative city can be seen as one that reflects a relationship between recent change of economic environment and socio-spatial reconstruction in the so-called 'cultural turn' to deindustrialization. This paper considers approaching methods to knowledge-based economy or cultural economy as a context of development of theory of creative city, and suggests types of conceptualization of creative city. Then it reviews creative perspectives which can be found in recent domestic and oversea research trends on creative city, especially relating its nature with neoliberalism. Finally this paper discusses critically the concept of creative class as a social constitution of creativity or creative economy, and that of creative city as its spatial constitution. The concept of creative class can be criticized in terms of ambiguity of the concept of class, class-biased and economy-privileged idea, market valorization of culture, individualization against community, normalization of flexible labor market, and uncertainty of economic success of creative city. The concept of creative city can be criticized in terms of limitation of interests to city, ignorance of national and global dimensions, decontextual normative vision, legitimation of neoliberal city, lack of proof of causality between creative class and economic success, polarization of within and between cities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2002

The deeper the hierarchy of a inheritance structure is, the better the reusability of the structure is, but the more difficult the understandability and the maintainability of it is. On the contrary, the shallower the hierarchy is, the worse the abstraction of the inheritance structure is, but the better the understandability and modifiability of it is. Therefore, it is to be desired that a deep hierarchy of a inheritance structure should be split to be shallow for the maintainability of a system. This paper proposed a complexity metric that is based on DIT and NOC of Chidamber and Kemerer, and solved the ambiguity of the metrics of them, which was pointed out by Li. The metric is a simple and heuristic one for measuring the complexity of class inheritance structures by considering the number of ancestor classes and descendant classes and the depth of inheritance hierarchy. This provides a quantitative information for assessing the complexity of a inheritance structure in splitting it.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2010

We have examined the occurrence probability of solar proton events (SPEs) and their peak fluxes depending three flare parameters (X-ray peak flux, longitude, and impulsive time). For this we used NOAA SPEs from 1976 to 2006, and their associated X-ray flare data. As a result, we selected 166 proton events that were associated with major flares; 85 events associated with X-class flares and 81 events associated with M-class flares. Especially the occurrence probability strongly depends on these three parameters. In addition, the relationship between X-ray flare peak flux and proton peak flux as well as its correlation coefficient are strongly dependent on longitude and impulsive time. Among NOAA SPEs from 1997 to 2006, most of the events are related to both flares and CMEs but a few fraction of events (5/93) are only related with CMEs. We carefully identified the sources of these events using LASCO CME catalog and SOHO MDI data. Specifically, we examined the directions of CMEs related with the events and the history of active regions. As a result, we were able to determine active regions which are likely to produce SPEs without ambiguity as well as their longitudes at the time of SPEs by considering solar rotation rate. From this study, we found that the longitudes of five active regions are all between $90^{\circ}W$ and $120^{\circ}W$. When the flare peak time is assume to be the CME event time, we confirmed that the dependence of their rise times (proton peak time - flare peak time) on longitude are consistent with the previous empirical formula. These results imply that five events should be also associated with flares which were not observed because they occurred from back-side. Now we are examining the occurrence probability of SPEs depending on CME parameters. Finally, we will discuss the future prospects on the development of an empirical SPE forecast model based on the information of flares and CMEs.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.556-559
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• 2002

The Call Processing Language (CPL, in short), recommended in RFC 2824 of IETF, is a service description language for the Internet Telephony. The CPL allows users to define their own services, which dramatically improves the choice and flexibility of the users. The syntax of the CPL is strictly defined by DTD (Document Type Definition). However, compliance with the DTD is not a sufficient condition for correctness of a CPL script. There are enough rooms for non-expert users to make semantical mistakes in the service logic, which could lead to serious system down. In this paper, we present six classes of semantic warnings for the CPL service description: MF, IS, CR, AS, US, OS. For each class, we give the definition and its effects with an example script. These warnings are not necessarily errors. However, these warnings will help users to find ambiguity, redundancy and inconsistency in their own service description.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 2015

A novel fuzzy learning framework that employs fuzzy inference to solve the problem of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is presented. The framework introduces a new class of fuzzy inference systems called Multiple Instance Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Systems (MI-Mamdani). In multiple instance problems, the training data is ambiguously labeled. Instances are grouped into bags, labels of bags are known but not those of individual instances. MIL deals with learning a classifier at the bag level. Over the years, many solutions to this problem have been proposed. However, no MIL formulation employing fuzzy inference exists in the literature. Fuzzy logic is powerful at modeling knowledge uncertainty and measurements imprecision. It is one of the best frameworks to model vagueness. However, in addition to uncertainty and imprecision, there is a third vagueness concept that fuzzy logic does not address quiet well, yet. This vagueness concept is due to the ambiguity that arises when the data have multiple forms of expression, this is the case for multiple instance problems. In this paper, we introduce multiple instance fuzzy logic that enables fuzzy reasoning with bags of instances. Accordingly, a MI-Mamdani that extends the standard Mamdani inference system to compute with multiple instances is introduced. The proposed framework is tested and validated using a synthetic dataset suitable for MIL problems. Additionally, we apply the proposed multiple instance inference to fuse the output of multiple discrimination algorithms for the purpose of landmine detection using Ground Penetrating Radar.