• 제목/요약/키워드: citrus leaves

검색결과 90건 처리시간 0.026초

온주밀감에서 률응애의 공간분포분석 및 표본추출법 (Dispersion Indices and Sequential Sampling Plan for the Citrus Red Mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Satsuma Mandarin on Jeju Island)

  • 송정흡;이창훈;강상훈;김동환;강시용;류기중
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 2001
  • 귤응애의 예찰방법을 개발하기 위하여 제주지역의 온주밀감원에서 귤응애 분산형태에 대해 2개년(1999~2000년)에 걸쳐 잎 표본에 대하여 각 조사일에 평균밀도를 조사하였다. Taylor's power law와 Iwao's patchiness regression을 이용하여 분산지수를 비교하였으며, 잎 표본 조사에서는 일반적으로 Taylor's power law가 Iwao's patchiness regression보다 평균-분산 관계를 더 잘 나타내었다. Taylor's power law의 기울기와 절편은 조사한 포장 간에 차이가 없었으며, 여기에서 얻어진 상수값을 이용하여 잎 표본 조사에 의한 귤응애 약 .성충에 대한 고정정확도수준에서의 표본조사법을 개발하였다. 이 조사법에 대해 resampling 기법을 이용하여 독립된 4개의 조사자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 실질 고정정확도(D)값이 요구되는 D값보다 항상 낮았으며, 나무당 귤응애 밀도가 8마리 이상에서 필요한 조사 나무수는 18주보다 작았다.

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Evaluation of Shiranuhi, a Hybrid of Kiyomi Tangor and Nakano No.3 Ponkan, for Resistance to Citrus Canker in Growth Chamber

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.253-256
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    • 2003
  • Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

Evaluation of some indigenous plant extracts for antiimplantation activity in albino rats

  • Pateel, Mallikarjun;Sharanabasappa, Sharanabasappa;Malashetty, Viajykumar B;Patil, Saraswati B;A, Veeranagoud
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.347-351
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    • 2005
  • In the present investigation twelve indigenous medicinal plants have been screened for their antiimplantation activity in albino rats. The plant material was subjected for soxhlation successively and separately from non-polar solvents to polar solvents i.e., petroleum ether benzene and ethanol. Out of these three extracts the petroleum ether extract of seeds of Citrus medica, aerial part of Oxalis corniculata and Tinospora cardifolia have showed maximum antiimplantation activity. Ethanol extract of leaves of Cardiospermum helicacabum, roots of Echinops echinatus, leaves of Melia azedarach, seeds of Momordica charantia and bark of Terminalia bellirica have shown maximum antiimplantation activity amongst the three extracts of each plant material screened. Though all the three extracts of seeds of Annona squamosa and leaves of Zizyphus jujube screened for antiimplantation activity, no extract has showed any loss in implantation. The details of the results obtained are discussed.

Sclerotinia Twig Blight on Trees and Cottony Rot on Fruits of Satsuma Mandarin Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

  • Song, Jang-Hoon;Koh, Young-Jin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 1999
  • Sclerotinia twig blight on trees and cottony rot on fruits of Satsuma mandarin were observed in Cheju, Korea in 1996 and 1997. The causal fungus causing citrus twig blight and cottony rot was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum which had cup-shaped apothecia bearing hyaline and clavate asci and periphyses on sclerotium. Symptoms were produced on twigs, developing young leaves, fully developed new leaves, and fruits 2-9 days after wound inoculation, but only on twigs with young lateral buds and developing young leaves by unwound inoculation. The fungus grew well between 10 and $27^{\circ}$, but optimum temperature was $24^{\circ}$ on potato dextrose agar. Most varieties were highly susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, whereas some varieties such as Ichinan were relatively resistant among twelve Satsuma mandarin varieties in the field. This is the first record of Scledrotinia twig blight on trees and cottony rot on stored fruits of Satsuma mandarin in Korea.

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Coordination of Basic and Development Researches on Vitamins

  • Mitsuda, Hisateru
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.193-210
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    • 1971
  • Reviewed biosynthetic pathways in green leaves of thiamine, riboflavin and folate as disclosed by the authors, and the regulatory systems operating on their biosynthesis and biodegradation as revealed since a potent inhibitory activity of ATP was found for the phosphatase reactions in 1965. Physiological roles of ascorbic acid in plant were evidenced by its higher content in green and flower leaves; the content in persimmon leaves for example was found ten or more times of that in citrus fruits. A close relationship existing between basic and development researches was illustrated by examples chosen from the author's researches. Examples cited were as follows; basic researches on vitamins were extended to the creation of thiamine enriched rice, to the growth promotion of rice plant by foliar application of thiamine, and to the use of ascorbic acid to prevent the appearance of beer cloudness; histological and biochemical studies on protein bodies in rice endosperm turned out amino acid enriched rice; techniques acquired in the studies on catalase were successfully employed for the utilization of single cell protein (MIPRON) for human food; conception of hybernation was led up to under-water or under-ground storage of cereal grains.

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Studies on Physiology, Ecology and Protection of Citrus Canker Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv, citri

  • Lee, Seong-Chan;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Chul
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.124-124
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    • 2003
  • Citrus canker is very important disease in international trade of citrus. The disease was usually take place from late of June, and severe middle of July to middle of August, though disease occurrence was affected by environmental conditions. In pathogenicity test, three varieties, orange, lemon and kiyomi among 7 varieties, were succeptible, two varieties, satsuma mandarin and iwasachi, intermediate resistant. On the other hand, shiranuhi and yuzu were resistant relatively. The pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, grew well in PD broth adjusted to pH 7.0 at 26$^{\circ}C$. It's growth was best in medium containing group of monosaccharide as a carbon source and group of ammonium as a nitrogen source. Tow isolates were resistant to streptomycin among 11 isolates isolated from diseased leaves in field in Jeju-Do. The streptomycin sensitives isolate was controlled by in greenhouse test. On the other hand, the resistant and sensitive isolates were controlled by treatment with copper sulfate, the control value is 88.7% and 90.6%, respectively.

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유자에서 귤응애의 발생소장, 온도별 발육특성 및 방제밀도별 피해정도 (Population Fluctuation, Developmental Character of Panonychus citri and Damage Degree as its Control Density on Young Yuzu (Citrus junos))

  • 최덕수;김규진
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 1998
  • 유자(Citrus junos T.) 과원의 주요 해충의 귤응애(Panonychus ?갸 M.)의 발생소장, 온도별 발육기간, 산란수, 부화율 및 유자유목의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1996년부터 1997년까지 2년간 조사한 결과, 귤응애는 5월부터 11 월까지는 발생하였는데 년 2회의 발생최성기를 이루었다. 1차 발생최성기는 7~8월이고, 2차발생최성기는 10월이었다. 2차 발생최성기에는 잎당밀도 9.5마리로 연중 최대발생량을 보였다. 유자 잎에서 귤응애의 각 태별 구성비는 난, 약충, 성충이 각각 85, 9, 6%로 난의 비율이 월등히 높았다. 15, 20, 25, $\pm$1$^{\circ}C$(RH 60 $30\pm$10%, 14L-10D)의 항온조건에서 난부터 성충까지 발육기간은 각각 41.1, 15.5, 11.0, 9.4일이고 성충수명은 23.3, 8.3, 6.3, 6.1일로 온도가 높을수록 발육기간과 성충수명은 짧아지는 경향이고 부화율은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 94.7%로 가장 높았다. 일평균 산ㄹ나수는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 4.5개로 가장 많았다. 또, 귤응애 방제밀도에 따른 유자유목의 생육상황은 방제밀도가 낮을수록 간주 및 수관용적 증가량이 많았고 엽록소함량도 많았다. 월동후 낙엽율은 1, 3, 6마리/잎, 무방제에서 각각 13.5, 20.6, 53.1, 72.6%로 잎당 성충밀도 3마리 이하에 방제하는 것이 낙엽율이 낮았다.

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Evaluation of Potential of Mandarin Hybrid 'Shiranuhi' against inoculation of Bacterial Canker Disease Pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) in Citrus Field in Jeju Island

  • Hyun, Jae-Wook;Myung, Inn-Shik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.248-252
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Shiranuhi cultivar against inoculation of causal pathogen of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Jeju Island by comparing degree of susceptibility of fruits and leaves/twigs, and analysis of incidence of canker disease. Progression of symptom, disease incidence, and percent area of lesion were surveyed for evaluation of resistance. In greenhouse condition, symptoms of bacterial citrus canker progressed more rapidly in sweet orange, a moderately susceptible cultivar, than in other four cultivars (satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', 'Shiranuhi' and 'Yuzu'). At 20 days after inoculation, disease severity was the highest in sweet orange (5.0$\pm$0.0), and all tested leaves were distorted or had dropped. On the other hand, 'Yuzu' showed the lowest disease severity (2.6$\pm$0.47), followed by 'Kiyomi' (4.0$\pm$0.0), 'Shiranuhi' (4.0$\pm$0.82), and satsuma mandarin (4.3$\pm$0.47). Percent area of lesion per leaf 30 days after inoculation was the highest in sweet orange (8.31$\pm$1.78), followed by satsuma mandarin (1.51$\pm$1.25), 'Shiranuhi' (1.39$\pm$0.94), and 'Kiyomi' (1.1$\pm$0.9), while the lowest was in 'Yuzu' (0.26$\pm$0.17). Infield condition, percentage of diseased leaf in 'Shiranuhi' was very low, 5.2$\pm$2.9, compared with sweet orange, 71.0$\pm$ 11.5, while that of satsuma mandarin and 'Kiyomi' were 6.9$\pm$7.0 and 4.3$\pm$2.0, respectively. Percentages of diseased leaf was higher (17.4$\pm$7.1) than that of diseased fruit (3.2$\pm$2.5) in severely diseased trees of Shiranuhi cultivar, and the disease was not observed on twig in open field condition. Lesion sizes on leaves and fruits in open field condition were 4.1$\pm$2.2 mm2 and 5.1$\pm$5.6 mm2, respectively, while those in greenhouse condition were 8.7$\pm$5.7 mm2, 10.4$\pm$9.2 mm2 and 5.6$\pm$2.6 mm2 on leaves, fruits and twigs, respectively. The disease was observed in 5.6% out of total 107 farmers Shiranuhi fields under polyethylene film house, and average percentages of diseased tree in 31 fields of Shiranuhi cultivar and adjacent satsuma mandarin fields were 0.02% and 14.8%, respectively. Average percentage of diseased fruit was 1.6% in satsuma mandarin which was not observed in anyone of all the 31 Shiranuhi farmers fields. Therefore, it was concluded that 'Shiranuhi' cultivar is not potential against causal pathogen of citrus canker disease in Jeju Island because the cultivar has similar resistance as satsuma mandarin which occupies over 95% of total 25,000 ha in Jeju Island in polyethylene film houses protected from outside.

에탄올 농도별 당유자 잎의 최적추출조건 및 생리활성 평가 (Evaluation of biological activity for Dangyuja (Citrus grandis) leaves and investigation of optimal concentrations extracted by alternative ethanol concentrations)

  • 나카무라 마사야;라종환;김주성
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2019
  • 제주도 특산물로 알려진 당유자의 잎을 이용한 연구는 미흡한 실정이며, 특히 용매 농도별로 다양한 생리활성을 측정한 연구는 지금까지 보고되어 있지 않았다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 에탄올 농도별로 추출된 당유자 잎에 대한 생리활성을 측정하였다. 수율과 총 페놀 함량은 각각 20% 에탄올, 물 추출물이 가장높은 함량을 가진 것으로 나타났으며 가장 낮은 수율을 보인 100% 에탄올 추출물에서 비교적 높은 페놀 함량이 나타나 수율에 비하여 많은 페놀 함량이 확인되었다. 환원력과 ABTS radical 소거능 실험 결과 물 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈으며 80% 에탄올 추출물이 DPPH radical 소거능, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, ${\text\tiny{L}}$-tyrosine을 기질로 한 tyrosinase 저해 활성에서 가장 우수한 활성을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ${\text\tiny{L}}$-dopa를 기질로 한 tyrosinase 저해 활성과 지금까지 보고된 바 없는 ADH 및 ALDH 활성에서는 60% 에탄올 추출물이 가장뛰어난 활성을 촉진시켰고 미생물 생육을 억제하는 능력이 60%, 80% 에탄올에서 거의 동일하게 나타났다. 이 결과에서 항산화 효과를 얻고자 할때는 물이나 80% 에탄올로, 그 외 생리활성(${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성, tyrosinase 저해활성, 항미생물 활성, ADH 및 ALDH 활성)에서는 60~80% 에탄올로 추출하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험의 결과는 당유자 잎을 신소재 개발 원료로서 사용하는데 하나의 기초 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

근권세균을 전 접종한 감귤에서 감귤 더뎅이병 억제 효과 및 기작 (Suppression Effect and Mechanism of Citrus Scab in the Citrus Pre-inoculated with Rhizobacterial Strains)

  • 김소연;현재욱;전용철
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.302-310
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    • 2011
  • Elsinoe fawcettii는 현재 감귤 산업의 경제 가치를 떨어뜨리며, 감귤 더뎅이병을 일으키는 원인중 하나로 일반적으로 살균제를 이용하여 방제가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 안전한 농산물에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 생물학적인 방제에 대한 연구가 많이 요구되고 있다. 이에 미생물 방제에 대한 연구로서 제주에서 분리한 식물근권세균 215개 중 Elsinoe fawcettii에 의해 발병되는 감귤 더뎅이병균의 항균 효과와 병원균 발병 억제효과가 나타나는지 조사하였다. 그 중 in vitro 실험에서 더뎅이병균에 저지원을 형성하며 항균 효과를 나타내는 근권세균은 THJ 609-3, MRL 408-3, TRH 423-3이었다. 또한 이들 식물근권세균을 선처리하고 병원균을 접종한 결과 감귤 더뎅이병 억제효과가 있었다. 근권세균에 의한 병억제 기작을 알아보기 위해 형광현미경을 이용하여 조사한 결과 선발된 식물근권 세균이 병원균의 포자수를 감소시켰으며 병원균 발아율도 접종 1일 후에 감소되었다. 식물근권세균 rDNA의 Internal Transcript Spaces(ITS)을 분석을 통해 동정한 결과 THJ 609-3은 Pseudomonas pudia로 동정되었으며, MRL 408-3과 TRH 423-3은 Burkholderia gladioli로 동정되었다. 본 연구는 생물적 방제로 감귤 더뎅이병균을 방제할 수 있는 친환경적 미생물제제로 유용하게 이용할 수 있는 가치가 있다고 생각된다.