• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.211-215
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• 1984

Reaction of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with tert-butyl peroxide (TBP) in acetonitrile gave thianthrene (2), thianthrene 5-oxide (3), cis-thianthrene-5,10-dioxide (4), 5-acetonylthianthrenium perchlorate (9), along with small amount of thianthrene-5,5-dioxide (7) in some cases. Isolation of N-tert-butylacetamide indicated the formation of tert-butyl cation from TBP. The formation mechanisms of these products were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.715-721
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• 1995

Reaction between trans-$[Co(py)_4/Ci_2]^+(py=pyridine)$ and L-proline and diimine (=2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline) gives two products, $[Co(L-pro)_2/(bipy)]^+$ and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ complexes, respectively. On column chromatography, $[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]^+$ was obtained only as $Lambda$-trans(N) and $[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]^+$ was obtained both as ${\Delta}$-trans(N) and $Lambda$-cis(O)cis(N) due to the stereoselectivity of L-prolinato which was stereospecific. Crystal data are as follows: $Lambda$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(bipy)]CIO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ (1): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.807(3), b=10.421(1), c=12.778(2) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=109.90(2)^{\circ}$, V=1227.8(5) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 1571 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.060, $R_W = 0.067$; ${\Delta}$-trans(N)-$[Co(L-pro)_2(phen)]Cl{\cdot}_3H_2O$(2): monoclinic, space group $P2_1(#4)$, a=9.838(2), b=12.892(2), c=10.747(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=113.79(2)^{\circ}$, V=1247.2(4) ${\AA}^3$, Z=2; 2433 data with I > 3.0${\sigma}$(I) were refined to R=0.043, $R_W = 0.050$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.427-442
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• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a collective term for a group of positional (c8, c10; c9, c11; c10, c12, and c11, c13) and geometric(cis,cis; cis,trans; trans,cis; and trans,trans) isomers of octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) with conjugated double bond system. CLA has been shown to have a variety of biological effects. Major effects of CLA on health, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis and improving immuno-responses, might be derived or partially derived from the alternated lipid metabolism after CLA feeding. Most of studies on the effect of CLA on fat metabolism are concentrated on rats, mice, pigs and other mammals. The CLA inhibited carcinogen-induced neoplasia in several animal models and inhibited the proliferation of human malignant melanoma, colorectal and breast cancer cells and CLA reduced the atherosclerosis. Several studies have determined the antioxidant property of CLA; however, the property still remains controversial. Some of the studies have shown that CLA acted as an antioxidant, whereas some other studies have demonstrated that CLA might be a prooxidant. Several studies suggested that CLA could reduce fat accumulation in mammals. CLA was suggested to promote muscle growth and reduce fat deposition in mouse, and improve feed efficiency in rats. CLA has been shown to inhibit the activity of stearoyl-CoA reductase. CLA also reduced the content of arachidonic acid. Since arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) are synthesized by different pathways, reducing the synthesis of arachidonic acid may not mean reducing that of EPA and DHA. Many sutdies have been shown biological effects of CLA. Therefore, further research is needed to answer the following questions: 1) how to synthesize the new CLA by new methods, 2) why CLA has shown biological effects, 3) how to increase CLA effects in animal products.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.465-470
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• 1997

A chiral pentadentate ligand, 1,9-bis(S)-prolyl-1,9-dioxo-2,5,8-triaza-nonane, (S,S-prochen) which shows the stereospecific reaction was synthesized from the reaction of S-proline and diethylenetriamine (dien). The red-violet $[Co(SS-prodien)H_2O]ClO_4$ was prepared by the oxidation of the aqueous solution dissolving $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and S,S-prodien. Elemental analysis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopy suggest that the geometrical structure of the Co(III) complex to be an ${\alpha}{\beta}$ (ffm) form, where the dien moiety of the ligand chelates the metal center to comprise a facial isomer, and an aqua ligand coordinates a cis site to the secondary nitrogens of the dien. Based upon the CD spectroscopic analysis, it seems that the absolute configuration of the ${\alpha}{\beta}$(ffm)-$[Co(SS-prodien)H_2O]ClO_4$ has the ${\Lambda}$-form.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

To understand the molecular structure and pathogenesis mechanism of Korean garlic viruses, we have isolated cDNA clones for garlic viruses. The partial nucleotide sequences of 24 cDNA clones were determined and those of five clones containing poly(A) tail were compared with sequences of other plant viruses. One of these clones, V9, has a primary structure similar to the carlavirus group, suggesting that the clone V9 derived from a part of garlic latent virus (GLV). Northern blot analysis with the clone V9 as a probe demonstrated that GLV genome is 8.5 knt long and has a poly(A) tail. The clone V9 encodes coat protein (CP) of 33 kDa and nucleic acid binding protein of 10 kDa in different reading frame. The hexanucleotide motif, 5'-ACCUAA, which is conserved in the 3' noncoding region arid was proposed to be a cis-acting element involved in the production of negative strand genomic RNA was noticed. Complementary sequence to the hexanucleotide motif, 5'-TTAGGT, is also found in the positive strand of V9 RNA. The putative CP gene was cloned into the pRSET-A expression vector and expressed in E. coli BL21. The expressed recombinant V9CP protein was purified by $Ni^{2+}$ NTA affinity chromatography. The anti-V9CP antibody recognizes 34 kDa polypeptide which could be CP of GLV in infected garlic leaf extract. Immunoblot and Northern blot analysis of various cultivars shows wide occurrence of GLV in Korean garlic plants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

Nine compounds (1 - 9), ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (1), cis-5,8,11,14,17-elcosapentaenoic acid (2), phytol (3), loliolide (4), uridine (5), thymidine (6), deoxyadenosine (7), adenine (8), and adenosine (9), were isolated from the n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1 - 9 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 114.91 to $252.40{\mu}M$, whereas 2 - 4 showed butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 251.18 to $499.16{\mu}M$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.957-961
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• 1998

Intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloadditions of 2-pyrone-3-carboxylates with trans-vinyl silaketal groups tethered via a chiral, non-racemic 1,3-butanediol auxiliary proceeded in unexpected stepwise cycloadditions through ionic intermediates to provide cis-disubstituted bicylolactones. The ratio of two isomers, exo and endo, was 5 to 1, and each isomer was found to be diastereomerically pure (>99% de). Their relative and absolute stereochemistries were determined by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray crystallography of minor, endo-adduct 9. The major exo-adduct was successfully transformed to (-)-2-butyl substituted A-ring phophine oxide 16, a key element for the synthesis of 2-butyl vitamin D3.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.663-670
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• 2008

The effect of supplementing the diet of grazing dairy cows with fish oil (FO) and linseed oil (LSO) on milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was investigated. Sixteen Holstein cows (17019 DIM) were assigned into two groups and fed a grain supplement (8.0 kg/d; DM basis) containing 800 g of saturated animal fat (CONT) or 200 g FO and 600 g LSO (FOLSO). All cows grazed together on Sudan grass pasture ad libitum and were fed the treatment diets for 3 wks. Cows were milked twice a day and milk samples were collected during the last three days of the trial. Milk production (24.89 and 22.45 kg/d), milk protein percentage (2.76 and 2.82) and milk protein yield (0.68 and 0.64 kg/d) for the CONT and FOLSO diets, respectively, were not affected (p>0.05) by treatment diets. Milk fat percentage (3.90 and 2.86) and milk fat yield (0.97 and 0.64 kg/d) were lower (p<0.05) with the FOLSO diet compared with the CONT diet. The concentration and yield of milk cis-9 trans-11 CLA were higher (p<0.05) with the FOLSO diet (2.56% of total FA and 16.44 g/d, respectively) than the CONT diet (0.66% of total FA and 6.44 g/d, respectively). The concentrations of milk trans C18:1 and vaccenic acid (VA) were higher (p<0.05) with the FOLSO diet (13.53 and 7.48% of total FA, respectively) than the CONT diet (3.69 and 2.27% of total FA, respectively). In conclusion, supplementing the diet of grazing cows with FO and LSO increased milk cis-9 trans-11 CLA content but reduced milk fat content and yield.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.472-478
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the change in volatile flavor components of persimmon leaves during growth. The flavor components of persimmon leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The flavor compounds were collected by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method, and were separated and identified resulting in 126 components, including 23 alcohols, 18 aldehydes, 4 esters. 15 acids, 37 hydrocarbons, 14 ketones, 6 phenols. and 9 others in persimmon leaves. The most abundant components of persimmon leaf were alcohols including iinalool. cis-3-hexanal. 1-$\alpha$ -terpineol. 3.7.11.15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and aldehydes including trans-2-hexanal. nonanal, 2-decenal and hydrocarbons including 1.1-dimethylethyl cyclohexane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) -benzene. During growth, many other components were formed and dissipated after the 20th of June.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 1989

The volatile oil of the root of Codonopsis lanceolata Traut. (Benth. et Hook.) was isolated by steam distillation and extraction method and fractionated by silica gel column chromatography. The total volatile oil and each fractions were analyzed by GG, GC-MS and retention indices matching. A total of 50 components were identified in the volatile oil including 16 terpene and terpene alcohols, 13 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 6 aldehyde and ketones, 6 acids, 2 esters and 2 miscellaneous components. The major components were n-hexanal (7.3% of total volatile oil), trans-2-hexenal (24.9%), n-hexanol (19.8%), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (5.6%) and trans-2-hexen-1-ol (29.4%).