• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

Studies on the principle of traditional moulding techniques of architecture or structure are very important in the point of the work could accomplish succession to modern design. As an attempt of these work, this study tried to examine traditional moulding techniques applied in planes of ancient architecture and structure closely. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows; It was verified that planes of ancient Korean architectures and structures analyzed in this study was moulded by its multiple partitions with the six or eight partitions of circumference as the fundamental form. The well unearthed in kyong-bok palace recently was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 4 circle which was extended with equal interval and divided into multiple of 8 partition of circumference. Chon-duk-jung in chang-duk palace also was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 3 circle extended with equal interval, but circle were divide by 6 partitions. It was also found that 6$^{\circ}$§8 partitions of circumference(or its multiple partition) was applied to not only above structures but also the moulding planes of ancient architecture, and as a results, figures revealed in architectures analyzed is classified into three classes. And, this study analyzed arrangements of two temples. As a results, it is discovered that the Grid used in moulding planes of each building fixed the arrangement of buildings. Therefore, moulding by equal partition of circumference decided the form of each building and the relation of element at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

In the design of ground improvement using band-shaped prefabricated vertical drains (PVD), it is required to determine a reasonable equivalent circle of PVDs. In this paper, a series of numerical analyses on soft clay ground improved by PVD were carried out in order to investigate the resonable equivalent circle of PVD considering consolidation behavior of improved soft clay ground by PVD. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic three-dimensional consolidation finite element method was applied, could be confirmed comparing with consolidation behavior simulated at the laboratory. And, through the results of the numerical analyses, consolidation behaviors of soft clay ground with elapsed time were elucidated, together with the equivalent circle of PVD considering consolidation behaviors.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.763-782
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate mathematics content knowledge(MCK) of pre-service teachers about the area of a circle. 53 pre-service teachers were asked to perform four tasks based on the central ideas of measurement for the area of a circle. The results of this study are as follows. First, pre-service teachers had some difficulty in describing the meaning of the area of a circle. Quite a few of them didn't recognize the necessity of counting the number of area units. Secondly, pre-service teachers had insufficient content knowledge about the central ideas of measurement for the area of a circle such as partitioning, unit iteration, rearranging, structuring an array and approximation. Lastly, few pre-service teachers understood the concept of actual infinity. Most students regarded the rectangle as the figure having the approximation error instead of the limitation from rearranging the parts of a circle.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.15
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• pp.263-306
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• 2007

In genaral appraisal is process of the determining the length of the time records should be retained, and is defined as selecting records with second value. However, appraisal in boroad term includes analysis which value records have as well as selecting archival records. It means that analysis of Records value is carried and reflected in every processes of maintenance, use and disposition of records. One of characteristic in records and archives management is that records process doesn't finish as one process, but it creates and manages records repeatedly. When another records are created again after the previous process in these system, it should creates records with better value than before. It pursues positive circle system which satisfy users whenever it starts. The study reviewed how analysis of records value is reflected in Records and archival system in Korea, and analysed Public Records and Archives Act to approve it. In results the study suggests having positive circle system finally.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.801-818
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between major subjects of industrial circle high school and mathematics matched with present 2007 revision curriculum. We compare and analyze learning contents in industrial circle's math education via various aspects including methods of explanations, contents domains, and contents levels. The analysis followed by the research study performed with literature study of curriculums and text books. Our research indicates that school curriculum should be reflected relation between industrial high school's each major course and mathematics, so each major course curriculum should be different. Many contents beyond high school mathematics were founded. Hence suitable mathematical maturity and levels within standard high school math curriculum should be considered when one make text books of major course in industrial circle high school.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2019

The trajectory of the transmission ellipsometric pseudoconstant ${\rho}=tan{\psi}_{\mu}e^{i{\Delta}_{\mu}}$ of a uniaxially anisotropic substrate like PET forms a circle in polar coordinates, as the phase-retardation angle is varied at a fixed azimuthal angle. The radius as well as the center's position of this circle are functions of the azimuthal angle only. This circle passes through the point (1,0), and the center of this circle is located on the real axis. These characteristics of the circle are examined analytically, and are utilized to derive simple expressions for the azimuthal angle and the phase-retardation angle of the uniaxially anisotropic substrate using the measured transmission ellipsometric constant. Finally, we confirm that the derived expressions are well applied to the analysis of the optical anisotropy of a PET film.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-244
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• 2015

The accuracy of reference point of VLBI antenna is mandatory to perform collocation of different space geodetic techniques. In this study, we evaluated the optimal methods for the 3D circle fitting to enhance the accuracy of the reference point of VLBI antenna. Two kinds of methodologies for the orthonormal coordinate system with translation of planar observation point and the unitary coordinate transforamation were suggested and their fitting accuracies were evaluated where the orthogonal distance was calculated by residual between observation point and fitting model and the recursive calculation was performed to improve the accuracy of 3D circle fitting. Finally, we found that the methodology for the unitary coordinate transformation is highly appropriate to determine the optimal equation for azimuth-axis and elevation-axis of VLBI antenna. Therefore, the reference point of VLBI antenna with high accuracy can be determined by the intersection of the above two axises (azimuth-axis and elevation-axis). This result is expected to be utilized for a variety of researches for connection between VLBI observation results and the national control point.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2015

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of circle contact lens wearing on visual quality of the eyes after a refractive surgery. Methods: The objective visual quality was evaluated for 40 eyes who did not get refractive surgery and 30 eyes who got a refractive surgery after applying plano circle contact lenses on their eyes, respectively. Modulation transfer function (MTF), objective scatter index (OSI) and the focusing ratio on retina (Strehl ratio) were measured by using optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and the correlation between pupil size and objective visual quality was analyzed by measuring the pupil size. Results: When wearing circle contact lens on the eyes after refractive surgery, MTF and Strehl ratio were reduced and OSI was increased compared with the eyes without refractive surgery. The eyes after a refractive surgery showed more significant difference changes in MTF, OSI and Strehl ratio according to the pupil size compared with those without refractive surgery. Conclusions: The results showed that wearing of circle contact lens after the refractive surgery has deteriorated the objective visual quality based on the quality of focused image on the retina. Therefore, we suggest that sufficient understanding and consideration about the deterioration of visual quality is necessary in the case of circle contact lens wearing after refractive surgery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.97-99
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• 2003

Lineament density maps can be used for the quantitative evaluation of relationship between lineaments and groundwater occurrence. There are several kinds of lineament density maps including lineament length density, lineament cross-points density, and lineament counts density maps. This paper reports the usefulness of the representative elementary area (REA) concept for lineament analysis. This concept refers to the area size of the unit circle to calculate the lineament density factors distributed within the circle: length, counts and cross-points counts. The circle is a unit circle that calculates the sum of the lineament length, lineament counts and the number of cross-points within it. The REA is needed to obtain the best representative lineament density map prior to the analysis of relation between lineaments and groundwater well yield or other groundwater characteristics. A basic lineament map for the Yongsangang-Seomjingang watershed of Korea, drawn from aerial black-and-white photographs of 1/20, 000 scale was used for demonstrating the concept. From this study, the conclusions were as follows: (1) the REA concept can be efficiently applied to the lineament density analysis and mapping, (2) for whole Yongsangang-Seomjingang watershed which has 6, 502 lineaments with an average lineament length of 3.3 km, the lower limits of each REA used for drawing the three density maps were about 1.77 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=750 m) for lineament length density, 7.07 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=1, 500 m) for lineament counts density, and 4.91 $\textrm{km}^2$ (r=1, 250 m) for lineament cross-points density, respectively, (3) the lineament densities are inversely proportional to the size of REA, and the REA can be calculated with this inversely linear regression model, (4) if the average lineament density values for the whole study area are known, the most accurate density maps can be drawn using the REAs obtained from each linear regression model, and (5) but critical attention should be paid to draw lineament counts density and lineament cross-points density maps because.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.903-916
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• 2017

Purpose: The paper analyzes empirically the causal relationship between customer-oriented Quality circle activities and Business Performance for Korean service firms. We compare the operational characteristic behavior of the service firms and business performance. Methods: In this study, we used 3 variables, QC activities, Employee commitment and business performance. Especially, Service SME's QC Circle activities were analyzed in related with growth of company on the basis activities such as Leadership(team), improvement activity, Organizational learning, customer-focus activity and employee suggestion. Results: The result of analysis showed that employee commitment affected significantly on financial performance and non-financial performance and in turn, improvement activities, Organizational learning and customer-focus activity affected significantly on business performance (financial and non-financial). Conclusion: In the summary of the characteristics of this study based on the research results, first, segmenting the QCC activities in the service business into 5 elements can be considered to be differentiated from the existing researches in the aspect of utilizing the organization's objective-oriented variables differently from the researches utilized the variables related personal characteristics. Second, this study suggested the recent research results that suggested the problems of the QCC clearly, through which what new QC story approach was suggested has working level value in the aspect of activating the service QCC.