• Title/Summary/Keyword: chrysanthemum

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Acaricidal Efficacy of Herbal Extracts against Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) (점박이응애, Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae)에 대한 약용식물 추출물의 살비 효과)

  • Lee, Jung-Su;Ham, Eun-hae;Choo, Ho-Yul;Lee, Suk-Jun;Lee, Dong-Woon
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2011
  • Methanol and hexane extracts from 35 species in 27 families of herbal plants were evaluated for their acaricidal activities against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae by leaf-dipping and spraying methods in laboratory, pot and field, respectively. Acaricidal activities were different depending on herbal plants. When T. urticae was released on leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis that were dipped in the 1,000 ppm hexane extracts from fruits of Torreya nucifer and Daphan genkwa, seeds of Xanthium strumarium and Pharbitis nil at one minute they experienced 56.8, 47.8, 47.7, and 47.7% mortalities, respectively. Dipping time influenced acaricidal activity, that is, one minute dipping was more effective than 30 second dipping of Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis leaves. However, extracts of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds had comparatively high activities. Concentration of hexane extract of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds revealing LC50 were 1,824 and 1,899 ppm, respectively. Extracts of both plants from hot and cold water were not effective representing <20% mortality at 1,000 ppm. However, hexane extracts of X. strumarium and P. nil seeds were effective against T. urticae on P. vulgaris var. humilis representing 76.3 and 71.3% mortalities in pot, respectively. Control effects of hexane extract of P. nil seed were 50.8 and 35.1% at 2,000 and 1,000 ppm against T. urticae on Chrysanthemum morifolium in greenhouse, respectively.

Effects of Cutting Condition on Rooting and Growth of Cut Flower in Plug Cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Shinma' (국화 '신마'의 플러그 삽목시 삽수조건이 발근 및 절화생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Roh, Yong Seung;Yoo, Yong Kweon
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.244-250
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to examine the effect of cutting condition on rooting and their subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of 'Shinma', one of autumn-flowering chrysanthemums. According to the results, cutting with four or six leaves was effective in shoot growth and rooting than any other treatments, and also the length and thickness of cut flower were increased. In case of cutting with leafless, it showed the poorest shoot growth among all of the treatments and there was no root. The weight of shoot was heavier than any other treatments in case of the length of cutting (5~7 cm). And the weight of root and its number were better than any other treatments, in treatment of the length of cutting (5 cm). The growth of shoot and rooting were enhanced by increasing the thickness of cutting. In case of thickness of cutting, the cutting (3.2 mm tnickenss) showed more favorable shoot length of cut flower than any other treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that the 5 cm long and 3.2 mm thick cuttings with four leaves are used to improve their rooting and subsequent growth in plug cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Shinma'.

The Study on the Spherulitic Rhyolites in the northern part of Juwang Mt., Cheongsong (청송 주왕산 북부 일대의 구과상 유문암에 대한 연구)

  • 오창환;김성원;황상구;손창환;김창숙;김형식
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.103-118
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    • 2004
  • In Cheongsong area, very rare spherulitic rhyolites both in Korea and foreign countries occur as dykes showing various types. The spherulites in them represent an undercooling caused by very fast cooling of the dykes in a shallow depth near to the surface and the variety of types were resulted from the difference of relative cooling rate. Cheongsong spherulitic rhyolites can be classified into five types; radiated simple spherulite, layered simple spherulite, layered multiple spherulite, radiated-layered multiple spherulite, radiating layered multiple spherulite. Radiated simple and radiating layered multiple spherulites formed by diffusion current caused by undercooling related to very fast cooling. On the other hand, layered multiple spherulites formed by relatively slow diffusion as a Liesegang ring during relatively slow cooling. If the cooling rate is between the two cases, layered simple spherulites formed. This interpretation indicates that Chrysanthemum, Dandelion, Dahlia and Sunflower types which are included in radiated simple or radiating layered multiple spherulites formed in the dykes with the fastest cooling rate in Cheongsong area while Peony, Rose and Innominate types classified as layered multiple spherulite formed in the dykes with the relatively slowest cooling rate. At the cooling rate between them, Apricot type spherulite formed. The K-Ar age-dating for Cheongsong spherulitic rhyolites indicate them to be formed between 48 and 50 Ma. The Cheongsong rhyolites are very valuable for research and preservation because of their rarity, beauty and diversity.

Prevention of Soil Erosion in Sloped Upland of Highland Using Landscape crop Chrysanthemum zawadskii (경관작물 구절초의 고랭지 경사지밭 토양유실 경감 효과)

  • Kim, Su Jeong;Sohn, Hwang Bae;Kim, Yul Ho;Hong, Su Young;Nam, Jung Hwan;Lee, Jong Nam;Chang, Dong Chil;Suh, Jong Taek
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.51-51
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    • 2019
  • 고랭지(해발고도 400m 이상)는 전국 밭 면적의 24.7%을 차지하고 있고 경사도가 15도 이상인 지역이 58.7%인 41,812ha에 달한다. 고랭지 농업은 주로 해발고도가 높은 산지의 경사지에서 이루어지고 있고, 대부분 작물 재배기간이 5월부터 9월까지 약 5개월 정도로 짧아, 나머지 7개월은 토양 피복이 이루어지지 않은 상태로 있어 토양유실 가능성이 높다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서 경관성이 높은 구절초를 식재하여 토양유실 저감 효과를 구명하였다. 고랭지 경사도 55도 라이시미터(Lysimeter)에서 가로 1.2m에 세로 1.8m의 규격으로 시험을 수행하였다. 관행구로 나지(Control, TC) 대비 식재 당시 피복정도에 따라, 피복율 40%는 T1, 피복율 70%는 T2로 하여 총 3처리를 두었다. 구절초의 개화기(10월 1일) 피복율을 조사한 결과 대조구인 나지상태는 0%의 피복율인데 이에 반해 구절초 식재 처리구는 57~80%로 경사지 토양을 피복시키는 효과가 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 경관작물인 구절초를 식재할 경우 나지 TC를 기준으로 유출량이 65~71%, 토양유실이 87~99% 감소되어 강우에 의한 토양유실 경감에 매우 효과적이었다. 또한, 유거수 탁도 저감 효과성이 뛰어났다. 따라서, 고랭지 경사지에 영년생 자원식물 중 경관성이 뛰어난 구절초를 식재함으로서 경사지 토양유실을 경감시킬 수 있고, 부가가치가 높은 고소득작물로 활용 가치가 높다.

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Research of private landscape architecture of the Tang Era in ancient China -based on excavated excellent articles and a book <洛陽名園記> called Nakyangmyungwonki- (중국 고대 당대(唐代) 민간 조경[사가원림(私家圓林)] 연구 - 출토된 명기(明器)와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Kyung-Ja
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.38
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    • pp.285-303
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    • 2005
  • Through the excavated excellent articles of the Tang era, we have considered the building techniques and styles of a square pavilion, an octagonal pavilion, a miniature hill, a pond, etc., could read building techniques of the scenic structures on ancient literatures including records and additionally about their poetical life at that time and inquired into the arrangement, structure, building techniques, etc. of a miniature hill, a pond, a pavilion, a flowerplant, etc., on Nakyangmyungwonki. Thus, under the research on the private landscape architecture, especially the nobility gardening, around excavated excellent articles and literatures, 'A miniature hill(假山) and a pond for landscaping views formed the center of a garden, and additionally a pavilion was built and flowerplants were set. The miniature hill of laying stones and having a carven, steeping, stratifying, looking like dyed green and birds' singing among hills and eating water on the lakeshore${\ldots}$' was expressed. The pond of digging in the ground and conducting water had its water system developed. There were several kinds of pavilions such as 廳, 堂, 館, 亭, 臺, 樓, 閣, 榭, etc. As examples of landscaping plants, there were a bamboo, a lotus flower, a peony, aromatic trees a pine, a korean spindle tree, a big cone pine, an empress tree, a wild walnut, a peach, a plum, a Japanese apricot tree, an apricot tree, a chrysanthemum, arrowroot vines, etc. Thus, the garden of the Tang era, abundant, diverse and excellent, enjoyed the prime of the period of prosperity. Due to cultural exchange, it is supposed that the period of united Shilla of the same age would meet with the period of prosperity in the developmental history of Korea landscape, based on the nobility garden system '4 different dwelling-houses every season on a record "四節游宅"'.

Monitoring of Pathogenic Bacteria, Heavy Metals, and Pesticide Residues in Commercial Edible Dry Flowers (시판 23종 꽃차의 유해세균, 중금속 및 잔류농약 평가)

  • Lee, Yun-Seo;Lee, Dong-Hee;Hwang, Eun-Kyung;Sohn, Ho-Yong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.438-446
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    • 2022
  • Some flowers have a high sensual appeal owing to their unique shape, color, smell, and taste and have been used as functional food and oriental medicine. Recently, edible dry flowers (EDFs) have attracted social attention as noble sources of functional teas. In this study, for the risk assessment of EDFs, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, and pesticide residues were monitored in 23 types of commercial EDF. No Enterobacteria spp. and Listeria spp. were found in all EDF products. However, common aerobic bacteria (3.24~3.85 Log CFU/g) were found in EDF, namely, Pueraria lobata, Chamaemelum nobile, Acacia decurrens, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz, Oenothera lamarckiana, Brassica napus, and Prunus serrulata. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 11 and Salmonella sp. was found in 8 of the 23 EDFs. Considering the cold extraction of EDF for tea and beverages, the regulation of pathogenic bacteria in EDFs is necessary. No heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and As were found in all EDFs, except the dry flower of Hemerocallis fulva, which contained Pb at 0.08 ppm. Different pesticides and fungicides were found in EDFs, but their concentrations were very low (0.01~0.08 ppm) and below the maximal residue level. Only the dry flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium had a high content of chlorpyrifos (0.215 ppm), which is long-lasting pesticide. Our results suggest that the establishment of EDF regulations for pesticide residue, culture separation between edible and garden flowers, and guidelines for preventing pathogenic microbial contamination are necessary.

A Study on the Flower Design Based on Storytelling : Focus on the Funeral Flower Design (스토리텔링을 적용한 화훼디자인에 관한 연구 -장례 화훼디자인을 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Seung Beom
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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    • no.42
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    • pp.3-21
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, the funeral was defined as a culture of death and, on the most important ideological basis, the biological death was not recognized as the end of the world, but as a starting point for another life. Various funeral cultures were investigated and the funeral floral design was analyzed through the case. Based on this, it was concluded that Korea's funeral floral design was an impediment to the development of funeral floral design, similar to the use of limited materials. Storytelling, a communicative concept through the exchange of emotions and opinions, rather than unilaterally conveying a message as an answer, is one of the most effective marketing strategies in the emotional consumption era. Based on this, the target person was selected to analyze life and draw suggestions from his life. Accordingly, the production of the work was attempted by applying storytelling to the funeral floral design. The painting design applied to storytelling expressed the symbol and meaning of the painting design material, and the color and form of the floral design in various forms and colors of pastel line, which are based on peach color that symbolizes the deceased, in a departure from the traditional funeral painting design with the solemn atmosphere of the geometric design centered on the white chrysanthemum material.

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the various kinds of herbal tea

  • Lee, Jin Wook;Eo, Hyun Ji;Park, Gwang Hun;Song, Hun Min;Woo, So Hee;Kim, Mi Kyoung;Eom, Jung Hye;Lee, Man Hyo;Lee, Jeong Rak;Koo, Jin Suk;Jeong, Jin Boo
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts from the herbal teas such as Lonicera japonica Thunberg (L. japonica), Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (C. morifolium), Mentha arvensis L. (M. arvensis), and P.rhizoma. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. And DNA cleavage assay was performed to evaluate an anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Results : L. japonica scavenged DPPH radical by 9.8% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 24.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 61.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 75.8% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, C. morifolium and M. arvensis removed DPPH radical by 15.6% and 10.4% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.8% and 22.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66.9% and 43.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 87.4% and 69.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and 92.1% and 73.2% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. However, P. rhizoma did not affect on DPPH radical scavenging. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was highest in L. japonica, but lowest in P. rhizoma among the herbal teas. In addition, the extracts from L. japonica, C. morifolium and M. arvensis inhibited oxidative DNA damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, the extracts from C. morifolium inhibited NO production. In addition, it suppressed the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, this study indicates that L. japonica, M. arvensis and C. morifolium possess the protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, C. morifolium exerts an anti-inflammatory effect.

Anti-thrombosis and Anti-oxidant Activities of Edible Flower Teas (식용 꽃차 추출물의 항혈전 및 항산화 활성)

  • Lee, Yun-Seo;Kwon, Ha-Young;Hwang, Eun-Kyung;Sohn, Ho-Yong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.12
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    • pp.989-996
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    • 2022
  • Some flowers have high sensual appealability due to their unique shapes, colors, smells, and tastes. Such edible flowers receive social attention as a noble ingredient of functional teas. In this study, methanol extracts of 23 commercial flower teas (CFTs) were prepared, and their color differences were compared. No tar color pigments were detected in the 23 CFT. The average content of total polyphenol of the 23 CFTs was 80.2±50.92 mg/g and the extracts of jin-dal-rae (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz), mae-hwa (Prunus mume), mae-mil (Fagopyrum esculentum), mok-ryun (Magnolia kobus), and sal-gu (Prunus armeniaca var. ansu Maxim) flowers showed total polyphenol contents greater than 150 mg/g. The average content of total sugar of the 23 CFTs was 187.4±166.5 mg/g and the extracts of chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), kuk-hwa (Chrysanthemum morifolium), dong-baek (Camellia japonica L.), and won-chu-ri (Hemerocallis fulva) flowers showed total sugar contents greater than 400 mg/g. Among the 23 CFTs, the extract of jang-mi (Rosa hybrida hortorum) flower has prominent anti-thrombosis activity, and the extracts of dal-ma-ji (Oenothera lamarckiana), dong-baek, hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus), and mae-mil flowers showed strong inhibitions against thrombin and blood coagulation factors. Also, the extracts of jang-mi, kum-jan-hwa (Tagetes erecta L.), mae-mil, mok-ryun dong-baek, and jin-dal-rae flower showed strong radical scavenging activities against DPPH, ABTS, and nitrite and reducing power. Our results suggest that the flowers of jang-mi, mae-mil, and dong-baek can be developed as promising anti-thrombosis treatments.

Reducing Ammonia Emissions and Enhancing Plant Growth through Co-application of Microbes and Methanol in Sewage Sludge Treatment (하수슬러지 처리에서 미생물과 메탄올 적용을 통한 암모니아 배출 감소 및 식물 성장 향상 연구)

  • Jin-Won Kim;Hee-Gun Yang;Hee-Jong Yang;Myeong-Seon Ryu;Gwang-Su Ha;Su-Ji Jeong;Soo-Young Lee;Ji-Won Seo;Do-Youn Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2023
  • Sewage sludge has been widely used as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. However, sewage sludge can cause serious malodor problems resulting from the decomposition of organic compounds in anaerobic conditions. The malodor of sewage sludge mainly occurs due to a low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), high moisture, and low temperature, which are ideal conditions for ammonia emissions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the reduction of the odor-causing ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in sewage sludge by co-application of microbes and methanol (MeOH). The physico-chemical properties of the municipal sewage sludge showed that the odor was mainly caused by a higher NH3-N content (2932.2 mg L-1). Supplementation with MeOH (20%) as a carbon source in the sewage sludge significantly reduced the NH3-N up to 34.2% by increasing C/N ratio. Furthermore, the sewage sludge was treated with the NH3-N reducing and plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria Stenotrophomonas rhizophila SRCM 116907. The treatment with S. rhizophila SRCM 116907 significantly increased the seedling vigor index of Lolium perenne (10.3%) and Chrysanthemum burbankii (42.4%). The findings demonstrate that supplementing sewage sludge with methanol significantly reduces ammonia emissions, thereby mitigating malodor problems. Overall, the study highlights the potential of using a microbial and methanol approach to improve the quality of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer and promote sustainable agriculture.