• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.570-576
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• 2009

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of sugar-snap cookies made with various levels(0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6% w/w) of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne powder. Dough pieces were baked for 11 min at $180^{\circ}C$ in an electrically heated rotary oven. All items were measured after cooling for 1 hour at room temperature. The results were as follows. Dough pH was significantly decreased in the 3%, 4.5% and 6% samples in contrast to the control sample(p<0.001). Furthermore, lightness (L*-value) and spread factor decreased significantly according to increasing Chrysanthemum indicum Linne powder concentration(p<0.001). However, dough density was significantly increased in the 3%, 4.5%, and 6% samples in contrast to the control sample(p<0.001). Likewise, the hardness and redness(a*-value) of the cookies increased significantly with increasing Chrysanthemum indicum Linne powder concentration(p<0.001). However, the moisture content of the dough was not significantly affected by the Chrysanthemum indicum Linne powder concentration. Finally, the powder concentration had positive correlations with dough density(p<0.01) and hardness(p<0.01). However, it had negative correlations with dough pH(p<0.01), lightness(L*-value)(p<0.05), and spread factor(p<0.01). Overall, the results showed that there were significant correlations between Chrysanthemum indicum Linne powder concentration and the physicochemical characteristics of the cookies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2009

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture on lipids, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Methods: Hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet were divided into 5 groups: no treatment control (normal, n=8), high-fat diet only control (control, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV4 group (TI, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV17 group (TII, n=8), and high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at EX-HN3 group (TIII, n=8). They were given pharmacopuncture accordingly every other day for two weeks followed by analyses of lowering lipids effects, oxidative capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Compared with the control, pharmacopuncture groups showed significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC), liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, neutrophils, monocytes, plasma and liver IL-$1{\beta}$, and plasma and liver IL-6. In other parameters including plasma and liver triglyceride, liver TC, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, liver TBARS, supraoxide dismutase, total protein, albumin, blood cell analysis, plasma and liver TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10, there was no significant difference between control and pharmacopuncture groups. No clear acupoint-specificity was observed. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture may improve control of hyperlipidemia.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2009

A new spray chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Yes Arang' was originated from a cross between 'NOA' and 'SP03-05-04'. This cultivar was tested on the characteristics from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection including shading and retarding culture. The natural flowering time of 'Yes Arang' is late October. This cultivar was yellow in color, single in flower type for the spray type cut-flower. The diameters of flower and flower center were 4.3 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively. Year round production was possible by shading or lighting treatment. Its number of flowers was 15.1 per plant. In natural and forcing cultivation, the days to flowering was 7 weeks after short day treatment. It has resistance to white rust and the vase life was about 17.2 days in autumn season.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2009

A new spray chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Yes Uri' was originated from a cross between 'SP03-033-02' and 'SP03-005-04'. This cultivar was tested on the characteristics from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection including shading and retarding culture. The natural flowering time of 'Yes Uri' is the late October, but year-round production is possible by shading, lighting and retarding culture. This cultivar was pompon in flower type with a color of bright yellow(RHS 7A), 13.8 flowers per plant and 91.5 cm of plant hight. The diameter of flower was 4.4 cm and the preference was high at 4.14 ranged up to 5.00. The days to flowering under the short day was 8 weeks and plant was very vigorous. It had resistance to white rust and showed 23.6 days of vase life in autumn season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.824-831
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• 2009

In order to investigate the quality characteristics of powdered teas using Compositae species flower, the samples of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CI), Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (CB), and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam (CZ) were extracted with hot water and concentrated, and then mixed with different forming agents of dextrin (D) and maltodextrin (MD). The mixing ratio of D and MD was ranged from 9:1 (DMD91) to 8:2 (DMD82) or D and MD only. The solubility of the powdered tea was higher in added dextrin. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the powdered tea were 6.75 and 3.24 mg/g at CBDMD91, respectively. Total antioxidant activities of C. indicum, C. boreale, and C. zawadskii powdered tea ranged at $2.51{\sim}2.63$, $4.37{\sim}4.50$, and $3.44{\sim}3.55\;mg$ AA eq/g, respectively. In sensory evaluation, the C. indicum and C. zawadskii powdered teas obtained higher sensory score of all evaluation items than C. boreale powdered tea. The optimal mixing ratio at 36% of D and 4% of MD in forming agent was selected to enhance the sensory characteristics and antioxidant activities of powdered tea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2016

Chrysanthemum is one of the top floriculture species with ornamental and medicinal value. Although chrysanthemum breeding program has contributed to the development of various cultivars so far, it needs to be advanced from the traditional phenotype-based selection to marker-assisted selection (molecular breeding) as shown in major cereal and vegetable crops. Molecular breeding relies on trait-linked molecular markers identified from genetic, molecular, and genomic studies. However, these studies in chrysanthemum are significantly hampered by the reproductive, genetic, and genomic properties of chrysanthemum such as self-incompatibility, inbreeding depression, allohexaploid, heterozygosity, and gigantic genome size. Nevertheless, several genetic studies have constructed genetic linkage maps and identified molecular markers linked to important traits of flower, leaf, and plant architecture. With progress in sequencing technology, chrysanthemum transcriptome has been sequenced to construct reference gene set and identify genes responsible for developments or induced by biotic or abiotic stresses. Recently, a genome sequencing project has been launched on a diploid wild Chrysanthemum species. The massive sequencing information would serve as fundamental resources for molecular breeding of chrysanthemum. In this review, we summarized the current status of molecular genetics and genomics in chrysanthemum and briefly discussed future prospects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.584-589
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum extracts on the browning of apple slices. The inhibition of the PPO activities, total phenolic contents, and DPPH free-radical-scavenging activities was measured from water and from the 80% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum as natural antibrowning agents. Apples were cut into 15-mm-thick slices, and each slice was dipped for 1 min in different treatment solutions (1% Taraxacum platycarpum and Chrysanthemum indicum extracts, 1% citric acid) and was stored at room temperature. The inhibition of the PPO activity in the Chrysanthemumin indicum extract was better than that in the Taraxacum platycarpum extract. The highest DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity (76.10%) was found in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum. After 24 h, the ${\Delta}E$ value of the apple slices that were treated in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum was at the lowest level (2.22). The total phenolic content was 94.07 mg/g, and the total flavonoid content was 102.60 mg/g, in the 80% EtOH extract of Chrysanthemum indicum. The antibrowning effect of Chrysanthemum indicum was higher than that of Taraxacum platycarpum in the apple slices.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2020

Chrysnathemum stunt viroid (CSVd), a small, single-stranded, infectious RNA, has caused a severe problem in chrysanthemum in the world. In Korea, since CSVd was firstly observed in 1997, the disease has been spread throughout the whole country rapidly. In spite of the seriousness, few methods for control of CSVd have been known without prevention. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most efficient approaches for overcoming CSVd disease in chrysanthemum cultivation. This study was carried out to identify chrysanthemum genetic resources for the resistance to chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd). A total of 192 commercial cultivars including 167 spray and 25 standard chrysanthemum were screened with CSVd through grafting inoculation method. In most of the inoculated cultivars, typical disease symptoms, stunting of plant height, reduced flower size, and flower color bleaching, were induced. Several cultivars, however, were symptomless or showed delay in symptom expression. Of 192 chrysanthemum cultivars, two cultivars with less than 5% of the average reduction rate of plant height, 'Chiwerel' and 'Jeongheungdaesin', were rated as resistant. And six cultivars less than 20% inculding 'Inga' were rated as moderate resistant. The remaining 184 cultivars with a high level of reduction were rated as susceptible. We expect that these genetic resources can be used in crossbreeding programs for developing CSVd resistant cultivars of chrysanthemum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.429-433
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• 2017

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium) are susceptible to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). TMV-based expression vectors have been used in high-throughput experiments for production of foreign protein in plants and also expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to allow visualization of TMV movement. Here, we used TMV expressing the GFP to examine the infection of chrysanthemum by a TMV-based expression vector. Viral replication, movement and GFP expression by TMV-GFP were verified in upper leaves of chrysanthemums up to 73 days post inoculation (dpi) by RT-PCR. Neither wild-type TMV nor TMV-GFP induced symptoms. GFP fluorescence was seen in the larger veins of the inoculated leaf, in the stem above the inoculation site and in petioles of upper leaves, although there was no consistent detection of GFP fluorescence in the lamina of upper leaves under UV. Thus, a TMV-based expression vector can infect chrysanthemum and can be used for the in vivo study of gene functions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.604-610
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• 2001

Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Compositae), which is called Gu-Jul-Cho, has been used as traditional medicine in pneumonia, bronchitis, common cold, pharyngitis, bladder-related disorders, women's diseases, and hypertension, etc. In this study we have investigated various biological activities of methanol extracts and their main component, linarin isolated from this herb. The antipyretic effect of them was tested by Brewers yeast method and the antiinflammatory activities, with arachidonic acid, o-tet-radecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and carrageenan. Their antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities were more potent than acetaminophene and aspirin. They also showed stronger hepatoprotective activities than ones of silymarin in mice.