• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.439-450
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• 2022

This case report describes the treatment of an adult female patient with a history of periodontal disease, Class I malocclusion with extrusion, dental spaces, and pathologic tooth migration. The patient was treated with clear aligners, which effectively controlled the strength and direction of orthodontic forces after 3 months of systematic periodontal treatment. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was calculated from study models before and after treatment. The pretreatment PAR score was 24, and the posttreatment PAR score was 4. The PAR score for this patient changed by 83%. Satisfactory appearance and good function were achieved for this patient.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.494-500
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• 2013

Recently, several researches indicated the relationship between oral condition and respiratory disease such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory disease is known as common chronic disease in the elderly increasing mortality and morbidity. In this study, we have reviewed the association between oral disease and respiratory disease in the elderly. The related data were searched and collected from abroad and domestic studies. The studies included the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), longitudinal, cohort, case-control, and systematic review studies. With the data from the studies, we concluded that poor oral hygiene or periodontal disease can influence the pneumonia in the elderly. Further studies will be needed to investigate the association between oral disease and COPD.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2014

Patients who lost molars from dental caries or periodontitis have difficulty in maintaining their vertical dimension because their incisors and premolars also show vertical tooth movement. Missing posterior molars leads to occlusal interference and collapse of occlusal plane due to extrusion of opposite teeth and tipping of adjacent teeth. When this condition persists over long time, mandible moves forward, so it causes mobility and labioversion of upper incisors. This progress cannot be stopped spontaneously and the situation gets worse and worse. Therefore, for a patient with pathologic teeth migration caused by chronic periodontitis, interdisciplinary approach which is including periodontal treatment, orthodontic teeth alignment and prosthetic restoration of missing molars is required. This case report shows successful multidisciplinary approach to a patient who lost vertical dimension due to severe dental caries and periodontitis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2018

Periodontitis is generally a chronic disorder characterized by breakdown of tooth-supporting tissues, producing dentition loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gramnegative anaerobic rod, is one of the major pathogens associated with periodontitis. Neutrophils are first line defense cells in the oral cavity that play a significant role in inflammatory response. Xylitol is a known anti-caries agent and has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we conducted experiments to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of xylitol on P. gingivalis infected neutrophils for possible usage in prevention and treatment of periodontal infections. P. gingivalis was intraperitoneally injected and peritoneal lavage was collected for cytokine determination. For in vitro study, neutrophils were collected from mouse peritoneal cells after zymosan injection or bone marrow cells. Neutrophils were stimulated with live P. gingivalis and ELISA was used to determine the effect of xylitol on P. gingivalis induced cytokine production. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration and neutrophil population in the peritoneal lavage was increased in P. gingivalis-infected mouse. Peritoneal cells infected with live P. gingivalis revealed significantly increased production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ at multiplicity of infection of 10. Neutrophils from bone marrow and peritoneal lavage revealed increased production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Xylitol significantly mitigated P. gingivalis induced cytokine production in neutrophils. Findings indicate that xylitol is an anti-inflammatory agent in neutrophils infected with live P. gingivalis, that suggests its use in periodontitis management.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.705-709
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• 2021

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major bacterial pathogen that causes periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of tissues around the teeth. Periodontitis is known to be related to other diseases, such as oral cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and rheumatism. Thus, a precise and sensitive test to detect P. gingivalis is necessary for the early diagnosis of periodontitis. The objective of this study was to optimize a rapid visual detection system for P. gingivalis. First, we performed a visual membrane immunoassay using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB; blue) and coating and detection antibodies that could bind to the host laboratory strain, ATCC 33277. Antibodies against the P. gingivalis surface adhesion molecules RgpB (arginine proteinase) and Kgp (lysine proteinase) were determined to be the most specific coating and detection antibodies, respectively. Using these two selected antibodies, the streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction was performed using a nitrocellulose membrane and visualized with a detection range of 10³-10⁵ bacterial cells/ml following incubation for 15 min. These selected conditions were applied to test other oral bacteria, and the results showed that P. gingivalis could be detected without cross-reactivity to other bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia fergusonii. Furthermore, three clinical strains of P. gingivalis, KCOM 2880, KCOM 2803, and KCOM 3190, were also recognized using this optimized enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system. To conclude, we established optimized conditions for P. gingivalis detection with specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity. These results could be utilized to manufacture economical and rapid detection kits for P. gingivalis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.383-393
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• 2022

Purpose: Aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone abundant in aloe plants and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum), has long been used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. However, AE's underlying mechanisms in periodontal inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is a potential biomarker involved in bone remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate AE's effect on periodontitis in rats and investigate AMCase expression. Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into the following groups: healthy (group 1), disease (group 2), vehicle (group 3), AE high-dose (group 4), and AE low-dose (group 5). Porphyromonas gingivalis ligatures were placed in rats (groups 2-5) for 7 days. Groups 4 and 5 were then treated with AE for an additional 14 days. Saliva was collected from all groups, and probing pocket depth was measured in succession. Periodontal pocket tissues were subjected to histomorphometric analysis after the rats were sacrificed. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and murine macrophages were stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and treated with different concentrations of AE. AMCase expression was detected from the analysis of saliva, periodontal pocket tissues, and differentiated osteoclasts. Results: Among rats with P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis, the alveolar bone resorption levels and periodontal pocket depth were significantly reduced after treatment with AE. AMCase protein expression was significantly higher in the disease group than in the healthy control (P<0.05). However, AE inhibited periodontal inflammation by downregulating AMCase expression in saliva and periodontal pocket tissue. AE significantly reduced RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis by modulating AMCase (P<0.05). Conclusions: AE decreases alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation, suggesting that this natural anthraquinone has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent against periodontal disease.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.320-328
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• 2016

Purpose: Human saliva, as a vital part of the immune defense system, contains a number of distinct proteins and peptides. Recently human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) has been identified as an abundant salivary protein and may play a role in promoting the binding of cariogenic bacteria to salivary pellicles. However, nothing else is known regarding the role of CSP1 in periodontology. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients. Methods: This controlled clinical study was conducted in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis Chonbuk National University Hospital, with Institutional Review Board approval. Whole saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects and 33 chronic periodontitis patients and analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune blotting were conducted to ensure that anti-CSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds to CSP1 in human saliva. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was house-fabricated using mAb-hCSP1#14 and mAb-hCSP1#4 as a capture and a detector mAb, respectively. The CSP1 concentrations in saliva from 36 healthy subjects and 33 periodontal patients were quantified using the CSP1 sandwich ELISA system, and the results were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: Immunoblot analysis using mAb-hCSP1 as a probe confirmed that CSP1 in human saliva existed as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa. The quantification of CSP1 concentrations by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th to 75th percentiles) of periodontal patients and healthy subjects were 9,474 ng/mL (range, 8,434.10,139 ng/mL) and 8,598 ng/mL (range, 7,421.9,877 ng/mL), respectively. The Student's t-test indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions: The presence of a significant difference in CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients suggests that CSP1 may be a potential biomarker for the detection or screening of periodontitis patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.597-608
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to determine whether full-mouth disinfection therapy(FMT) in our clinical setting would show better improvement of clinical parameters than partial mouth disinfection therapy(PMT) in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients. Among 12 patients, 6 were treated FMT and other 6 were treated PMT. Clinical parameters were calculated 3 months and 6 months after initial therapy. 1. There were no statistically significant differences between FMT and PMT in the reduction rate of bleeding on probing after 3 months, 6 months 2. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean probing depth after 3 months was 2.2mm vs 2.5mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.4mm vs 2.8mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 3. Initial probing depth was ${\geqq}$ 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.8mm vs 4.1mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0.5mm vs 0.3mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. 4. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean clinical attachment level after 3 months was 2.3mm vs 2.7mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.7mm vs 3.0mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 5. Initial probing depth was ${\geqq}$ 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.0mm vs 3.0mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0mm vs -0.1mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. Although the results provided us with succeccful clinical improvement in aggressive periodontitis, further research is needed to prove its additional benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.178-183
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• 2015

Purpose: Elderly people are thought to be more susceptible to periodontal disease due to reduced immune function associated with aging. However, little information is available on the nature of immune responses against putative periodontal pathogens in geriatric patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum IgG antibody responses to six periodontal pathogens in geriatric subjects. Methods: The study population consisted of 85 geriatric patients and was divided into three groups: 29 mild (MCP), 27 moderate (MoCP), and 29 severe (SCP) chronic periodontitis patients. Serum levels of IgG antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared among the groups. Results: All three groups showed levels of serum IgG in response to P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia that were three to four times higher than levels of IgG to T. forsythia, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum. There were no significant differences among all three groups in IgG response to P. gingivalis (P=0.065), T. forsythia (P=0.057), T. denticola (P=0.1), and P. intermedia (P=0.167), although the IgG levels tended to be higher in patients with SCP than in those with MCP or MoCP (with the exception of those for P. intermedia). In contrast, there were significant differences among the groups in IgG levels in response to F. nucleatum (P=0.001) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (P=0.003). IgG levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans were higher in patients with MCP than in those with MoCP or SCP. Conclusions: When IgG levels were compared among three periodontal disease groups, only IgG levels to F. nucleatum significantly increased with the severity of disease. On the contrary, IgG levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans decreased significantly in patients with SCP compared to those with MCP. There were no significant differences in the IgG levels for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, and P. intermedia among geriatric patients with chronic periodontitis.