• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Cassia tora ethanol extract on the lipid levels in serum and liver of rats fed high cholesterol diet. Experimental rats were divided into the following 4 groups: normal diet group, high cholesterol diet group, high choleslerol-0.25% C. tora ethanol extract group and high cholesterol-0.5% C. tora ethanol extract group. After 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed and analyzed the serum lipid profiles, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME). It was also determined the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver. There was no difference in weight gains between experimental groups. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid were tended to be decreased in C. tora groups compared with control group. HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased in high cholesterol diet group and slightly increased by C. tora ethanol extract feeding. The contents of liver cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in high cholesterol diet group than normal group, but significantly decreased by feeding of C. tora ethanol extract. Supplementation of 0.5% C. tora extract decreased significantly the activities of hepatic G6PDH and ME. Activities of serum AST, ALT and contents of liver TBARS were tended to be increased with high cholesterol diet and reduced by C. tora ethanol extract supplementation but had not significance. These results suggest that C. tora ethanol extract may exert a lipid lowering effect in serum and liver of rats.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.401-418
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• 1999

Many plants and animal have long been known to have medicinal effects and therefore have been used as medicines. There are many substances that show various pharmacologic efficacy such as anti-tumor efficacy, anti-inflammatory efficacy, cholesterol-lowering efficacy, anti-coagulant of blood efficacy and anti-bacterial efficacy. I summarized the recent advances in research on physiologically functional foods. The pharmacological efficacy of dietary fiber, chitin & chitosan, DHA(docosahexaenoic acid), mushroom, alginic acid and herbs have selected as topices for discussion. I was examining the anti-coagulant activity of herbs, I discovered that Eugenia caryophyllata T. (clove) had a relatively high anti-coagulant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1996

This study aimed at the effect of carbohydrate level on serum glucose and lipid in Korean female 300 NIDDM patients. Mostly NIDDM appears in 50-64 years. As carbohydrate level increased, nutrient intakes increased. Most carbohydrate intakes were polysaccharides. High carbohydrate diets made blood glucose level increased. But high carbohydrate-fiber diets result lowering effect on serum LDL /HDL-cholesterol ratio and triacylglycerides. In conclusion, NIDDM patients need regular exercise and total energy intake balance. High carbohydrate-fiber diets are recommendable.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 1994

New hypolipaemic agents, in which benzotriazole moiety is connected to tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one by a two-carbon bridge, were designed and synthesized to show sinificant cholesterol-lowering effect comparable to mevinolin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Commonly used spices in Korean cooking (red pepper powder, garlic, ginger) were evaluated for anti-obesity properties and effects on triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol in blood and adipose tissues in rats fed a high fat (20%) diet. SD rats were raised for four weeks on either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-93M diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 16% lard oil in the ND), or diets containing 5% red pepper powder (RPP), garlic or ginger. These spices significantly decreased weight gain compared to HFD, but garlic and ginger showed a greater effect on reducing weight gain than RPP. The weights of liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pads in garlic and ginger diet groups were lower than those of the HFD groups (p < 0.05). The garlic and ginger also decreased triglyceride and cholesterol contents in liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pad, reversing the higher levels seen in HFD. RPP, garlic and ginger supplemented diets were effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p< 0.05). These results indicated that garlic and ginger more effectively suppressed the effects of HFD on body fat gain and lipid values of adipose tissues and serum than RPP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.622-633
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the effects of chitin, chitosan , NOCC and cellulose on cadmium toxicity and lipid metabolism in rats. Fifty male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 155$\pm$17g were divided into 10 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 5 weeks. Levels of 0 and 400 ppm of cadmium chloride were in the diets. And chitin, chitosan , NOCC and cellulose were given at the level of 0 and 4%(w/w) of the diets. Chitosan and NOCC decreased Cd concentration of liver and kidney, and increased the fecal excretion of Cd. Although cellulose was less effective, cellulose also decreased Cd concentration of liver and increased fecal Cd excretion . However chitin had little effect on alleviating Cd toxicity. In addition, chitosan and NOCC lowered total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride contents in serum and liver by decreasing the lipid absorption. The lowering of cholesterol especially had a remarkable effect. Although it was less effective than chitosan and NOCC, chitin decreased the lipid absorption ratio and lowered cholesterol contents in serum and liver. In conclusion , chitosan and NOCC showed effects of decreasing the absorption of Cd and lipid.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1012-1021
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of Wolbiga-banha-tang (WBBT) on high fat diet-induced rats. We divided the rats into 4 groups: normal (fed a general-fat diet), control (fed a high-fat diet and no treatment), $WBBT{\times}1$ (fed a high-fat diet and 250 mg/kg of Wolbiga-banha-tang extracts), and $WBBT{\times}2$ (fed a high-fat diet and 500 mg/kg of Wolbiga-banha-tang extracts). We measured the body weight, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total lipids, AST, ALT, and CBC in the serum of the obese rats for 7 weeks. There was a significant decrease in the control group, $WBBT{\times}1$, and $WBBT{\times}2$ in triglycerides and free fatty acids. The results suggest that WBBT is effective for lowering triglycerides and free fatty acids. Therefore, WBBT may be applied to the treatment of lipid metabolism in obesity and further clinical studies are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.5-7
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• 2003

NADPH is an essential co-factor for fat and cholesterol biosynthesis. However, the role of cytosolic NADP$\^$＋/-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc), a putative NADPH producer, in the control of the fat and cholesterol metabolism has not been assessed. Here we report that increased or decreased IDPc expression in 3T3-Ll fat cells promoted or retarded adipogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression of IDPc in transgenic mice exhibited fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and obesity by increasing NADPH production leading to subsequent stimulation of acetyl-coenzyme A and malonyl-coenzyme A consumption. In contrast, administrations of a synthetic IDPc inhibitor, DAl1004, to ob/ob mice effectively reduced body weight with lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition, a positive relationship (${\gamma}$ = 0.69, $\rho$<0.0l) between plasma IDPc activity and body mass indexes was observed in 98 randomly-selected human volunteers. Our findings strongly indicate that NADPH produced by IDPc plays an important role in controlling body fat and lipid biosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1995

A methanol extract of the herbs of Lactuca indica L. effectively decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol when orally administered with diet. On fractionation of the extract, a chloroform-soluble fraction showed the similar effects with the methanol extract. Chromatographic separation afforded a mixture of triterpene alcohols and their acyl derivatives. A mixture of triterpene alcohols were identified as ${\beta}-amyrin$, ${\alpha}-amyrin$, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol and germanicol on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The acyl moieties in the corresponding acyl mixture were characterized as acetates and palmitates, respectively. And three kinds of sterol such as ${\beta}-sitossterol$, compesterol and stigmasterol were isolated as a mixture state.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1042-1046
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to observe the effects of the blend of partially purified Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on cholesterol levels in the human's blood and gastrointestinal functions, and to determine if a new cholesterol-lowering drug can be developed by the further purification of the extracts. Ultrafiltration and sequential diafiltration increased the amounts of steroidal saponin in aqueous yucca extract and terpenoid saponin in aqueous qullaja extract from 9.3% and 21.4% to 17.2% and 61.8%, respectively. Taking 0.9 mg of the blend (6:4, v:v) of the resulting filtrates a day for 4 weeks resulted in the decreases in total and LDL cholesterol levels in blood plasma of hyper-cholestrolemic patients with enhancement in gastrointestinal symptoms of patients.