• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue and mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet (HFD). [Methods] Obesity was induced in experimental animals using high fat feed, and the experimental groups were divided into a normal diet-control (ND-CON; n=12), a high fat diet-control (HFD-CON; n=12) and a high fat diet-treadmill exercise (HFD-TE; n=12) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min at 8 m/min, then 5 min at 11 m/min, and finally 20 min at 14 m/min). We assessed weight, triglyceride (TG) concentration, total cholesterol (TC), area under the curve, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AVF/body weight. Western blotting was used to examine expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the immunoreactivity of gp91phox. [Results] Treadmill exercise effectively improved the oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, expression of mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins, and activation of NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and induced weight, blood profile, and abdominal fat loss. [Conclusion] Twenty weeks of high fat diet induced obesity, which was shown to inhibit normal mitochondria fusion and fission functions in hippocampal tissues. However, treadmill exercise was shown to have positive effects on these pathophysiological phenomena. Therefore, treadmill exercise should be considered during prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.271-284
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powders and water extracts of Paecilomyces tenuipes(P. tenuipes) and Cordyceps militaris(C. militaris) on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity and immune status in rats. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 195$\pm$21g were grouped into five according to body weight. Ratw were raised for four weeks with diet containing either 4%, 2%(w/w) of dried P. tenuipes powders(TP-4, TP-2) or water extracts from equal amounts of each 4% P. tenuipes and C. militaris powder(TE-4, ME-4). Food intake, weight gain of all groups were not significantly different from those of control group. Lipid metabolism in general was not significantly different among all the groups. However both dried P. tenuipes powder lowered plasma cholesterol level slightly, water extract groups showed tendency of higher plasma HDL-cholesterol and lower liver cholesterol levels than control. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the experimental groups were lower than control group. Red blood cell(RBC) and liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were not generally different among all groups. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities of all groups were tended to be lower than control group. Proliferation of aplenocytes induced by mitogens, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, were increased in TP-2 group. The TP-4 group showed increased CD8 T cells and MHC class II expression without changes in CD4 T cells, B cells and G/M ratio, suggesting activated cytotoxic T cell activity in vivo. Increase of G/M ratio but not of MHC class II in TP-2 group indicated the possible acute inflammatory reaction by the ingested substances in gastrointestinal tract. ME-4 group showed enhanced cellular immunity without vigorous changes of immune parameters in brief periods. In conclusion, both P. tenuipes and C. militaris stimulated antioxidant capacity and immune status in rats. Among groups, water extract of C. militaris was most effective in both capacities, though dried powder of P. tenuipes at 2% dietary level was more effective in antioxidant activity, as various results by different strains were observed.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 271~284, 2001)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.1607-1611
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• 2015

본 연구는 당뇨유발모델 쥐에서 아프리칸 망고(Irvingia gabonesis, IGOB $131^{TM}$) 추출물의 혈당 조절 효과를 알아보기 위해 SD계 수컷 흰쥐에 IGOB $131^{TM}$ 1%, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 2%(IGOB $131^{TM}$ 353 mg/kg body weight, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 706 mg/kg body weight)와 pinitol을 5주간 매일 강제 경구 투여하였다. 그리고 streptozotocin을 복강 주사하여 당뇨를 유발시킨 후 경구 당부하 검사(OGTT)를 실시하였다. 정상군에 비해 당뇨 유발군(DM, pinitol, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 1%, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 2%)의 체중 증가는 유의적으로 감소하였고, 당뇨 유발군 간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 경구 당부하 검사 결과에서 DM군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, pinitol군, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 1%, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 2%군은 DM에 비해 각각 39.70%, 33.00%, 29.67% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 glucose 농도는 정상군에 비해 당뇨 유발군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났고, pinitol, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 1%, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 2%군은 DM에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 혈청 insulin 농도는 정상군에 비해 당뇨 유발군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났고, pinitol, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 1%, IGOB $131^{TM}$ 2%군은 DM에 비해 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 아프리칸 망고 추출물이 STZ 유도 당뇨쥐의 혈청 insulin 함량을 개선시켜 혈청 glucose를 감소하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 마우스를 이용하여 비지 (SCR)와 Monascus pilosus로 발효비지의 항비만 및 항산화 효능을 조사하였다. 마우스는 비지와 발효비지를 2% (wt/wt)가 되도록 고지방식이에 첨가하여 8주간 사육하였다. 비지 및 발효비지 투여군은 고지방식이 대조군과 비교할 때 모두 유의한 수준의 체중 감량, 체중 증가율, 부고환주변의 지방 함량이 낮았다. 8주째의 초기체중에 대한 체중증가율은 정상식이군 19.54%, 고지방식이군 45.40%, 비지군 33.39% 그리고 발효비지군 31.42%로 발효비지군에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 혈청의 triglyceride, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량 그리고 간 조직의 trigrlyceride 함량도 고지방식이로 증가된 수준에서 크게 줄어들었다. 한편 비지와 발효비지의 급여는 glutathione 함량을 높이고, 지질의 과산화, 혈청의 aminotransferase 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase의 활성은 비지 및 발효비지군 모두에서 고지방식이군에 비하여 높았다. 마지막으로, 비지군과 비교할 때 발효비지군은 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 마우스에서 비정상적인 비만 관련 생화학적 지표들을 좀 더 효과적으로 정상식이군의 지표들로 회복시켜주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과, 고지방 식이로 인한 체중 증가와 복부지방의 축적 및 고지혈증과 간 조직의 지방 축적현상이 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 비지의 2% 식이로 항비만 효과와 동시에 혈액 및 간 조직 지방의 함량을 저하시켜 고지혈증으로 인해 야기될 수 있는 심혈관계 질환을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 활성산소 생성계의 활성 억제와 활성산소 소거계 활성 증가를 유도함으로서 비만 상태에서 나타날 수 있는 과잉의 활성산소에 의한 간 조직 손상을 예방 혹은 경감시켜줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.730-735
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 신이화에 함유된 물질을 열수와 에탄올을 이용하여 추출한 후 화장품약리활성 및 항염증효과를 확인하고, 화장품 및 바이오산업에 적용하기 위한 천연소재로써의 이용 가능성을 살펴보았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 실험결과 농도의존적으로 소거능 효과를 보이며, 열수추출물의 경우 5,000 ug/ml 농도에서 대조군인 BHA보다 우수한 효능을 보였다. SOD 유사활성에서는 농도가 증가할수록 유사활성이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 5,000 ug/ml에서 열수추출물의 경우 85% 유사활성을 나타내었고, 에탄올 추출물의 경우 43%의 유사활성을 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해능 실험에서도 5,000 ug/ml 농도에서 대조군 BHA 보다 높은 저해능을 효여 우수한 항산화효과를 보였으며, 합성항산화제를 대체할 수 있는 천연항산화제로 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 항염증효과를 확인하기 위하여 NO 저해 활성 및 iNOS 발현량을 측정하였는데, 열수와 에탄올 추출물 모두 농도가 증가할 수로 NO 저해활성과 iNOS 발현량이 감소하여 우수한 항염증효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 신이화 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물은 우수한 화장품약리활성 및 항염증효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 안티에이징 및 트러블 피부 개선 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5646-5657
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 뽕잎차와 Monascus pilosus로 발효시킨 뽕잎차가 ICR mouse의 체중과 간 조직 항산화계 효소류의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 음용수 대신 1% 열수 추출액을 8주간 급여하고 체중, 장기중량, 혈액 및간기능 바이오 마커들의 변화를 관찰하였다. Mice는 뽕잎차(UMI)와 발효뽕잎차의 열수추출액 급여군(FMI) 및 정상대조군(NC) 등 3개군으로 나누었다. 차 추출액을 급여한 군들은 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나 NC군에 비하여 체중 증가량이 감소하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤, 동맥경화 지수는 유의한 수준의 감소를 보였으며, 간 조직의 lipid peroxide (LPO) 함량 및 xanthin oxidase (XO) 활성의 감소와 glutathione S-transferase (GST) 활성의 유의적인 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과, 뽕잎차 및 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 뽕잎차는 체중감소 효과가 있으며 간 조직 손상과 관련된 항산화계 효소의 활성을 높여주는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.932-938
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• 2011

Ginsenoside Rg1은 인삼에서 분리한 약물학적인 활성을 가지는 물질이다. 본 연구는 Rg1이 제2형 당뇨병 모델 동물에서 혈당과 지질대사에 유익한 효과를 가지는지를 확인하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 10주령의 db/db 마우스에 Rg1을 10 mg/kg 농도로 15일간 경구투여한 결과 공복혈당이 감소하였고, 포도당 내성이 개선되었다. 특히 혈중 중성지방과 유리지방산이 유의적으로 감소하였고 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤이 증가되었다. 또한 chimeric GAL4-PPAR${\alpha}$ receptor 활성 프로모터를 활성화시켰고 PPAR${\alpha}$ gene인 CPT-1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1)과 ACO (acyl-CoA oxidase)의 발현을 증가시켰는데 이것으로 Rg1의 지질대사 개선이 PPAR${\alpha}$ 활성에 의한 지방산 산화에 의한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 모든 결과를 종합해 볼 때, Rg1은 제2형 당뇨병과 관련된 고혈당증과 고지혈증에 유용한 효과를 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.559-592
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• 1999

It has been known that Ki(氣) energy is very effective on many adult diseases. Oriental Medicine has acknowledged Ki as an existing reality and investigated its effects on the body. However, the existence of Ki has not been fully explained. In order to find a conclusive evidence on the existence of Ki, this experiment was done to study the mutual relationship of Ki with a magnetic field and BEP (biological energy projector). The BEP apparatus was irradiated under the magnetic field on rats in the hyperlipidemic induced state. Following criterias were measured in this experiment: weight change, weight of the visceral organs, serum, hepatic lipid peroxide, bleeding time, tissue factor, and etc. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. The weight of rat significantly decreased in the magnetic field treated group and radically reduced in the group treated with both magnetic field and BEP. 2. The weight of liver, heart, and kidney increased in both the magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP group compared to the normal group, but decreased in comparison to the control group. No changes were witnessed in the weight of spleen. 3. Serum and hepatic total cholesterol, total lipid, and lipid peroxide level significantly decreased in both magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated group, while lipase activity has increased noticeably. 4. Serum HDL showed a significant increase in both magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated group compared to the control group, while LDL and VLDL level decreased significantly. 5. A bleeding time significantly increased in both magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated group compared to the control group. A tissue factor value of the lung decreased in the magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated groups while increased in the control group. 6. Serum and hepatic lipid peroxide and glutathione level were significantly decreased in the magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated group, while hepatic glutathione level was significantly increased compared to the control group. 7. A significant increase was found in the serum hydroxyl radical and SOD activity in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats, and significant decrease was found in the serum lipid peroxide content and superoxidase activity. 8. Hepatic cytosolic enzyme xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase showed a significant decrease in the magnetic field treated group and magnetic field+BEP treated group. Through the above experimental results, one can suggest that the magnetic field with BEP can suppress hyperlipidemia and boost lipid metabolism and restructuring a lipid in liver, which increases the function of liver. To conclude, BEP is considered to show more potent effects under the exposure of magnetic field because magnetic field seems to increase the flow of Ki in the body.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권5
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• pp.524-530
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• 2005

Dietary effect of soyfiber beni-koji (SBK) with chitosan-ascorbate (CA) on the level of serum lipids in rats fed a high fat diet was investigated The experimental groups which were divided into high fat diet control group(HC-group), $2\%\;SBK+0.1\%$ CA mixture diet group(CA1-group), $2\%\;SBK+0.15\%$ CA mixture diet group(CA2-group), and $2\%\;SBK+0.2\%$ CA mixture diet group (CA2-group) were fed for 4 weeks. Weight gains in CA2- and CA3-group were $5.3\%\;and\;9.5\%$ lower than that of HC-group, respectively, while there was no significant difference in feed intakes, feed efficiency ratio and organs weight Level of serum triglyceride in $C_3-group\;was\;21\%$ lower than that of HC-group. Level of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in CA2- and CA3-group were $22.1\~22.7\%\;and\;58.6\~64.3\%$ lower than those of HC-group, respectively. Atherogenic index decreased with the higher level of CA. Level of lipid peroxide in CA3-group was $24\%$ lower than that of HC-group, while there was no significant difference in GSH(Glutathione-S-transferase) content O type activities of XOD(xanthine oxidase) in the treated groups were lower, especially the activity in CA3-group was $51.6\%$ lower than that of HC-group. Also, O/T ratio of XOD was lower, showing $21.7\~23.5\%$ in treated groups and $34.0\%$ in HC-group(p<0.05). GST activities were 332.52 units in HC-group and $350.28\~355.63$ units in the treated groups, but there were no significant differences among them.