• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-42
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• 2004

A simple quantitative HPLC method has been developed for differentiating two plants of Asteraceae family viz. S. costus and A. lappa by using a pharmacologically active constituent chlorogenic acid and symmetry C18 column clubbed with a binary gradient using acetonitrile: 0.1% phosphoric acid and detected using a PDA at 327 nm. Quantitatively chlorogenic acid was found to be more in A. lappa (0.140%) than in S. costus (0.087%).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2011

Beta-amyloid (A${\beta}$) is considered as one of the major causes of Alzheimer's disease. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenol which is distributed widely in plants, fruits and vegetables, against A${\beta}$-induced toxicity. A${\beta}$ decreased significantly the viability of PC12 cells. This was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular calcium levels and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, A${\beta}$ induced an increase in Bax, and a decrease in Bcl-2 compared to the controls. However, a pre-treatment with chlorogenic acid rescued the PC12 cells from A${\beta}$ by attenuating the elevated intracellular calcium levels and reducing the levels of the apoptosis related proteins, including caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. These results suggest that the protective effects of chlorogenic acid are, at least in parts, by attenuating the intracellular calcium influx and reducing apoptosis induced by A${\beta}$.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 1999

예로부터 식품으로 사용되어온 산돌배나무 (Pyrus ussuriensis) 열매를 대상으로 항산화 활성 성분을 찾기 위하여 그 MeOH추출물의 EtOAc분획을 대상으로 column chromatography를 실시하여 1, 4-dibenzenediol, chlorogenic acid 및 quercitrin등 세종의 화합물을 분리하고 DPPH free radical소거법을 이용하여 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 이중 quercitrin은 a-tocopherol 및 BHA보다 낮은 활성 $(RC_{50}=20{\mu}g)$을 보였으나 1, 4-dibenzenediol $(RC_{50}=0.4{\mu}g)$ 와 chlorogenic acid $(RC_{50}=4{\mu}g)$는 강한 활성을 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.80-80
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• 2018

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound found in Cudrania tricuspidata fruits. In the present study, the effect of chlorogenic acid on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. Cells were stained with Oil red O reagent to detect lipid droplets in adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cells were lysed and measured for intracellular triglyceride and adipokine by ELISA kit. The protein expression of adipogenesis-related gene was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Chlorogenic suppressed lipid droplet and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in a concentration manner and also decreased secretion of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, compared with fully differentiated adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with chlorogenic acid reduced the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and, CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$). This indicates that chlrogenic acid was effective as an anti-obesity agent by repressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 into adipocytes and inhibiting triglyceridef formation in adipocyte and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2014

We aim to develop a simple method for simultaneous and quantitative determination of benzoic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in seeds of Eriobotrya japonica. In addition, antibacterial effect of these three phenolic acids was examined. A basic method is performed on the high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to an UV-detector (230 nm) and reverse phase C-18 column ($4.6{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$). Each phenolic acid was confirmed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS system under the multiple-reaction monitoring with negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI(-)) mode. It is demonstrated that the method was could be applied to samples for an analytical study of the phenolic acids. On the other hand, three phenolic acids in seeds of E. japonica exhibited antibacterial effect against several pathogenic bacteria. Of these, benzoic acid was found to have stronger antibacterial effect.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2014

본 연구는 인진쑥의 광범위한 약리작용과 다양한 생리활성을 이용한 식품소재로서의 개발을 위하여 반응표면분석법에 의한 인진쑥 유효성분의 에탄올 추출특성을 모니터링 하여 최적의 추출조건을 예측하였다. 에탄올을 이용한 추출공정에서 중요변수로 추출온도($X_1$; 60, 70, 80, 90 및 $100^{\circ}C$), 추출시간($X_2$; 1, 2, 3, 4 및 5 hr) 및 에탄올 농도($X_3$; 0, 20, 40, 60 및 80%)를 각각 독립변수로 설정하였고 추출물의 품질특성 즉 가용성 고형분 함량($Y_1$), chlorogenic acid($Y_2$) 및 coumaric acid($Y_3$) 등을 종속변수로 하여 반응표면 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 고형분 함량에 대한 예측된 최적조건은 추출온도 $87.65^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.19시간, 에탄올 농도 42.40%이었고 chlorogenic acid는 추출온도 $84.30^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.14시간, 에탄올 농도 47.85%이었으며 coumaric acid는 추출온도 $83.45^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.40시간 및 에탄올 농도 45.39%로 나타났다. 각 변수에 대한 회귀식을 도출하여 인진쑥 추출물의 각 유효성분들에 대한 최적 추출조건을 superimposing 한 결과, 추출온도 $85{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3~4시간 및 에탄올 농도 40~50%로 예측되었다. 이때 각 성분의 함량은 가용성 고형분 함량 1.09%, chlorogenic acid 25.66 mg%, coumaric acid 20.25 mg%이었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1999

Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic intermediate produced by the reaction between the superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. Flavonoids (afzelin, quercitrin and quercetin 3-O-sambubioside), and chlorogenic acid and its methyl ester obtained from leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) have recently been shown to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and to inhibit lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of the above components on peroxynitrite produced stimulated by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) to produce superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide at the same time. In addition, the present study tests whether or not the components directly scavenge peroxynitrite itself. The results showed that the components with the aromatic ortho-dihydroxyl groups (catechol) were more potent inhibitors of peroxynitrite formation by SIN-1. In particular, the methyl ester form of chlorogenic acid showed the most potent inhibition. At $5\;{\mu}M$ concentration, the order of minimizing peroxynitrite formation were : methyl chlorogenic acid > quercitrin > quercetin 3-O-sambubioside > chlorogenic acid > afzelin. Authentic peroxynitrite was directly scavenged by the components in a manner similar to peroxynitrite formation by SIN-1. In particular, when compared with penicillamine as a positive control, methyl chlorogenate was as effective in inhibiting peroxynitrite formation and approximately 2 times more effective in scavenging an authentic peroxynitrite. These results demonstrate therefore, that components extracted from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica effectively scavenged peroxynitrite.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

Artemisia capillaris Thunb. is widely used in the herbal medicine field. This study describes the antidepressant effect of a flavonoid (chlorogenic acid) isolated from the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. The expression of the pituitary gland and hypothalamic POMC mRNA or plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were increased by extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. or its flavoniod administered orally. In addition, antidepressant activity was studied using the tail suspension test (TST), the forced swimming test (FST) and the rotarod test in a chronically restrained immobilization stress group in mice. After restraint stress (2 h/day for 14 days), animals were kept in a cage for 14 days without any further stress, but with drugs. Mice were fed with a diet supplemented for 14 days and during the behavioral test period with chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg/day). POMC mRNA or the plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin level was increased by the extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. and its flavoniod. In addition, the immobility time in TST and FST was significantly reduced by chlorogenic acid. In the rotarod test, the riding time remained similar to that of the control group at 15 rpm. Our results suggest that the flavonoid (chlorogenic acid) isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. shows a potent antidepressant effect.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2017

Recently, coffee is the most popular beverage for modern people. A great number of substances are found in coffee beans and have been studied for many years such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds. However, studies on the physiological activity of coffee extracts are insufficient. This study was performed to determine the contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts according to the solvent and to investigate the physiological activity of coffee extracts. Coffee extracts were extracted by ultrasonication method with various types of solvents including distilled water, ethanol, and other organic solvents under $50^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Also, cytotoxic and antioxidative effects of coffee extracts were evaluated with MTT and DPPH assays to analyze the physiological activity. As a result, it was confirmed that caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents were extracted in distilled water with the highest rate. Antioxidative activity was observed below 10-fold dilute of coffee extracts, however cytotoxicity was not observed. In conclusion, distilled water was the best solvent for extracting caffeine and chlorogenic acids from coffee bean with ultrasonication and these coffee extracts are less cytotoxic in human skin cell lines and have antioxidant effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1999

The antioxidant activity of Eriobotrya japonica was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and lipid peroxidation produced when mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$, using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). The methanol extract and its factions of Eriobotrya japonica leaves showed strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of EtOAc and n-BuOH soluble fractions were stronger than the others, and were further purified by repeated silica gel, MCl gel CHP-20P, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-sambubioside from n-BuOH fraction and methyl chlorogenate, kaempferol- and quercetin-3-rhamnosides, together with the inactive ursolic acid and$ 2{\alpha}$-hydroxyursolic acid from EtOAc fraction were isolated. Antioxidant flavonoids and chlorogenic acid also showed prominent inhibitory activity against free radical generation in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) method.