• Title/Summary/Keyword: chinese cabbage

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Quality Characteristics of Salted Chinese Cabbage Treated with Electrolyzed-Acid Water during Storage (전해산화수로 세척한 절임 배추의 저장중 품질 특성)

  • Park, Woo-Po
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.365-367
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    • 2004
  • Electrolyzed-acid water was used to prolong shelf life of salted Chinese cabbage during storage, Chinese cabbage was salted, washed twice with electrolyzed-acid water, packaged in high-density polyethylene film, and stored at $10^{\circ}C$. Titratable acidity, pH, color, and microbial loads of salted Chinese cabbage were measured. Treated sample showed lower pH, total microbial count, and lactic acid bacteria than those of control, whereas almost equal titratable acidity and color, Acidity of treated sample maintained lower pH value until 6 days, and remained constant thereafter, Sharp decrease in L value occured after 2 days for control, and was delayed 4-6 days for treated sample. Salted Chinese cabbage treated with electrolyzed-acid water showed lower total microbial load ($10^3\;CFU/mL$) and lactic acid bacteria ($10^1\;CFU/mL$) after washing, whereas similar loads, compared to control after 6 days. Treatment with electrolyzed-acid water maintained higher quality for salted Chinese cabbage, with limited shelf life extension.

Effect of Natural Materials on Growth and Quality of Chinese Cabbage (天然物質 處理가 배추의 生長과 品質에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyung-Je;Lee, Byung-Moo
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2002
  • This study was conduction to investigate the effects of natural materials such as $GB_{10}$ chitofarm, chaff charcoal, and chaff charcoal sap, on quality and yield of chinese cabbage, Natural materials were treated on seeds soil, and leaves. The total plant weight, head weight, head length, head width, leaf length, leaf width, and sugar content of chinese cabbage in treatment with natural materials showed significant difference compared with control. The yield of chinese cabbage in $GB_{10}$ soil treatment and 1% $GB_{10}$ leaf treatment was increased 53% compared with control. The total nitrogen $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, and Mn in total plant were analyzed. The chemical components were increased in total plant of chinese cabbage treated with natural materials compared with control natural materials increased the quality of chinese cabbage.

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Changes in Free Amino Acid, Carotenoid, and Proline Content in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis) in Response to Drought Stress

  • Shawon, Rayhan Ahmed;Kang, Baek Song;Kim, Ho Cheol;Lee, Sang Gyu;Kim, Sung Kyeom;Lee, Hee Ju;Bae, Jong Hyang;Ku, Yang Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.622-633
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    • 2018
  • Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 cm diameter ${\times}$ 22 cm high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

Characterization of Chinese Cabbage during Soaking in Sodium Chloride Solution (통배추의 염절임 방법에 따른 특성변화)

  • Han, Kee-Young;Noh, Bong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.707-713
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    • 1996
  • Changes of sodium chloride content in Chinese cabbage were investigated at different conditions. The diffusion rate of sodium chloride into the cabbage increased with increasing the temperature of brine solution. Sodium chloride content of Chinese cabbage at the lower portion of tank was higher than that at the upper position. The more washing and dewatering, the lower sodium chloride content of the cabbage was found. Microstructure pattern of salted cabbage tissue depended upon height of tank. The changed epidermis cell was recovered after several times of washing.

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Development of clubroot race4 resistant inbreds using conventional breeding and microspore culture method in Chinese cabbage (교배육종 및 소포자 배양에 의한 뿌리혹병 race4 저항성 배추 계통 육성)

  • Park, Su-Hyoung;Yoon, Moo-Kyoung;Lim, Yong-Pyo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.613-618
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    • 2011
  • To develop clubroot resistant Chinese cabbage inbreds, IT 033820, a clubroot resistant turnip, was cross pollinated with a Chinese cabbage inbred of BP 079. From 2005, conventional breeding and microspore culture method performed using these F1 plants as parental materials. In 2007, conventional breeding method resulted in 21 F3 inbreds. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one inbred showing 83% resistant was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20036ho' in 2008. From 2005, we scanned hybrid cultivars using micro spore culture and developed many doubled haploid (DH) lines in Chinese cabbage. Using Chinese cultivar of 'oong-baek 2ho' we developed 26 DH inbreds in 2007. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one DH inbred showing 77% resistant and yellow inner leaf color was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20034'in 2008. We found conventional breeding method was effective using introduced germplasm showing low germination. However, when using hybrid cultivar as starting material, microspore culture method was powerful for developing various inbred in short time.

Recommendation of Optimum Amount of Fertilizer Nitrogen Based on Soil Organic Matter for Chinese Cabbage and Cabbage in Volcanic Ash Soils of Cheju Island (제주도 화산회토양의 배추와 양배추에 대한 질소의 시비추천식 설정)

  • Song, Yo-Sung;Kwak, Han-Kang;Yeon, Byeong-Yeal;Lee, Choon-Soo;Yoon, Jung-Hui;Moon, Doo-Young;Lee, Shin-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2002
  • To find out the optimum nitrogen fertilization levels for the leafy vegetables in volcanic ash soils of Cheju island, fertilization effects on chinese cabbage chinese and cabbage were investigated through pot and field experiments. In pot experiment conducted with two volcanic ash soils of Cheju island, optimum rates of nitrogen fertilizer was ranged from 294 to $331kg\;ha^{-1}$ for chinese cabbage. At field experiment with one volcanic soil, the optimum N fertilizer was $331kg\;ha^{-1}$. On the basis of soil organic matters, fertilizer recommendation formula for cabbage, could be established by using 1.03 of comparison factors (F) compared with chinese cabbage : y=344.54-0.285x for chines cabbage, y= 354.88-0.294x for cabbage, where y is the recommendation amount of nitrogen fertilizer with x g $kg^{-1}$ of organic matter in soil. Actual optimum rate of nitrogen fertilizer for chinese cabbage under field condition was much more similar to the value caluculated by the revised nitrogen recommendation formula than the amount of nitrogen fertilizer recommended by the current formula in volcanic ash soil.

Utilization of the bar gene to develop an efficient method for detection of the pollen-mediated gene flow in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis)

  • Lim, Chaewan;Kim, Sunggil;Choi, Yeonok;Park, Young-doo;Kim, Sung Uk;Sung, Soon-Kee
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2007
  • To develop an efficient screening method for detection of the transgene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis) utilizing Basta spray, optimal conditions for Basta application were examined in this study. Two transgenic Chinese cabbage lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and used as transgenic positive controls in the Basta screening experiment. Differential concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium were sprayed into three different growth stages of 12 commercial Chinese cabbage cultivars. The results showed that no plants could survive higher than 0.05% glufosinate-ammonium, and plants at the 2-3 leaf stage were most vulnerable to glufosinate-ammonium. On the other hand, no damage was observed in the transgenic control plants. Reliability of the Basta spray method was proven by showing perfect co-segregation of the tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium and the presence of the bar gene in T1 segregating populations of the transgenic lines, as revealed by both PCR and Southern blot analyses. Using the developed Basta screening method, we tried to investigate the transgene flow through pollen dispersal, but failed to detect any transgene-containing non-transgenic Chinese cabbages whose parents had been planted adjacent to transgenic Chinese cabbages in field conditions. However, the transgene was successfully detected using Basta spray from the non-transgenic plants bearing the transgene introduced by hand-pollination. Since the Basta spray method developed in this study is easy to apply and economical, it will be a valuable tool for understanding the mechanism of gene flow through pollen transfer and for establishing a biosafety test protocol for genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage cultivars.

Evaluating the Potential of Vegetable Powders as Nitrite Replacements in Cured Pork Sausages: Effects of Different Processing Methods to Produce Chinese Cabbage and Radish Powders

  • Seung Hwa Gwak;Su Min Bae;Jong Youn Jeong
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.1040-1054
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    • 2024
  • This study investigated the potential of Chinese cabbage and radish powders as natural sources of nitrite in ground pork sausages. Four vegetable powders from Chinese cabbage and radish, depending on the processing method, were prepared for evaluation: filtered Chinese cabbage juice powder (FCJP), crushed Chinese cabbage powder (CCP), filtered radish juice powder (FRJP), and crushed radish powder (CRP). Both FCJP and FRJP from filtered juice of Chinese cabbages and radishes had higher total soluble solids and water soluble index compared to CCP and CRP from crushed Chinese cabbages and radishes. Additionally, FRJP and CRP showed a higher nitrate content than CCP and FCJP. The evaluation of vegetable powders against products containing sodium nitrite (control) or commercial vegetable powder in ground pork sausages showed that the use of FRJP and CRP resulted in similar levels of CIE a* compared to the control, whereas those cured with FCJP or CCP resulted in lower CIE a* values. However, regardless of the type and processing method of vegetables, all sausages treated with vegetable powders were similar in terms of cured pigment, total pigment, curing efficiency, and lipid oxidation compared with the control. Although lower hardness was observed in sausages treated with FRJP, no other treatments affected textural attributes. These results indicate that FRJP and CRP have great potential as natural curing agents for replacing nitrite in cured sausages. The use of powders obtained from filtered juices may provide extended utility as vegetable-based curing methods for other meat products.

Molecular Characterization of a thiJ-like Gene in Chinese Cabbage

  • Oh, Kyung-Jin;Park, Yong-Soon;Lee, Kyung-Ah;Chung, Yong-Je;Cho, Tae-Ju
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2004
  • A cDNA clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene encoding a protein of 392 amino acids contained a tandem array of two thiJ-like sequences. ThiJ is a thiamin biosynthesis enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) to HMP monophosphate. Although the cabbage gene shows a similarity to bacterial thiJ genes, it also shares a similarity with the human DJ-1, a multifunctional protein that is involved in transcription regulation, male fertility, and parkinsonism. The cabbage thiJ-like gene is strongly induced by salicylic acid and a nonhost pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, which elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with BTH, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon showed that the cabbage thiJ-like gene expression is also strongly induced by BTH, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. This indicates that the cabbage gene is activated via a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. Examination of the tissue-specific expression revealed that the induction of the cabbage gene expression by BTH occurs in the leaf, stem, and floral tissues but not in the root.

Nutritional value and in situ degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers

  • Song, Keun Hong;Woo, Jun Sik;Kim, Ju Ri;Ryu, Gyeong Lim;Baek, Youl Chang;Oh, Young Kyoon;Kwak, Wan Sup;Park, Keun Kyu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.973-980
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value and in situ degradability of fruit-vegetable byproducts and their feeding effects on performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: Nutritional value and in situ degradability of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were assessed. In vivo feeding trial was also performed for 12 weeks. Thirty-six growing steers were randomly allocated into three groups according to body weight (BW) and age in 12 pens (4 replications/treatment) and assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: control (byproduct 0%), FV-B (fruit-vegetable byproduct 20%), and CA-B (cabbage peel 15% plus Chinese cabbage peel 15%, total byproduct 30%). Results: The crude protein contents of cabbage, Chinese cabbage and fruit-vegetable byproducts were 18.69%, 20.20%, and 10.07%, respectively. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were higher in cabbage (22.31%) and Chinese cabbage (28.83%) than fruit-vegetable (13.94%). Higher concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrate were observed for fruit-vegetable (66.72%) than cabbage (44.93%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (24.69%). The effective degradability (ED) of both dry matter (DM) and NDF for fruit-vegetable byproduct (DM, 84.69%; NDF, 85.62%) was higher (p<0.05) than cabbage (DM, 68.47%; NDF, 55.97%) and Chinese cabbage byproducts (DM, 68.09%; NDF, 54.22%). The DM intake was not different among treatments because the amount of feed was kept constant according to the BW of growing steers to prevent overweight during the growing period. The average daily gain during the whole experimental period was not different among treatments (1.26, 1.25, and 1.34 kg/d for control, FV-B, and CA-B). The ED of both DM and NDF degradability of the total mixed ration (TMR) diets were very similar among treatments. Feed conversion ratio during the whole period showed no significant difference among treatments. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fruit-vegetable and cabbage byproducts up to 20% and 30% (as fed basis), respectively can be included in TMR diets for growing beef cattle.