• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the effects of obesity index on the risk factors of chronic diseases in obese children. The subjects were male and female children aged 9 to 12. The average obesity index was 147.7$\pm$13.8% in boys and 147.6$\pm$16.5% in girls. The average percentages of body fat was significantly higher in boys(33.9$\pm$5.7%) than in girls(30.7$\pm$4.4%). It was found that 26% of subjects had abnormal serum GOT and GPT values. Percentages of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD) based on corresponding criteria of TG, T chol, HDL chol, and LDL chol were 28.6%, 28.6%, 45.5% and 42.7%, respectively. The risk of CVD was increased with the degree of obesity, which was not significant. The AI(atherogenic index) was higher in boys(4.6$\pm$2.3) than in girls(3.6$\pm$1.2). The serum T chol and LDL chol levels of subjects whose mother are in thirties were significantly higher than those of subjects whose mother are in fourties. The T chol levels of subjects who had mother with job were significantly higher compaired to those of subjects who had housewife mother. The results indicated the urgent need of nu tritional management for the obese children to prevent further devel opment of childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia. Based upon this study, devising method and media for the mother nutritional education as well as for the children nutritional education is required for better growth and health promotion of primary school children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.342-351
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior of day-care center teachers and their meal attitudes during meal time in Jeonju area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 266 day-care center teachers who worked in a national(public) or private day-care center. The Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS v. 12.0. All subjects were women, and 64.7% were married(p<0.001), over more than 60% were junior college graduates(p<0.05), and 73.7% had salaries greater than 1,000,000 won(p<0.001). The breakfast skipping ratio of the subjects was very high, and about 66.5% of the respondents had irregular meals. The snack intake ratios of the subjects in private day-care centers were higher than the subjects in national(public) day-care centers(p<0.001). Approximately 56% of the subjects responded that education about eating is very important for providing balanced nutrition to young children. About 84% of subjects had no experience with the continuing-education program for teachers(p<0.01), and they wanted to know more about balanced nutrition. The meal attitude education score during meal time was $4.53{\pm}0.36$. The relationship between meal attitude education and the dietary behavior of day-care teachers was significantly different based on the "frequency of overeating"(p<0.05) and "self-recognition of eating habit"(p<0.05). These findings suggest that a nutrition education program for day-care center teachers should be developed so that they can effectively manage meal attitude education for young children and provide good nutrition for themselves.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.172-181
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• 2016

This study evaluated the satisfaction and healthy eating index of nutrition-plus program providing nutritional supplements to pregnancy, lactating women, infant and children. This program was carried out at Public Healthcare Center, Seodaemun-gu in Seoul from February 2014 to June 2014. The subject selected among applicants for low income family financing of the government included 159 subjects. There was no statistically significant difference for degree of satisfaction with supplementary food by age, but the degree tends to get higher at lower age. Degree of satisfaction with supplementary food by the duration for participation was shown higher as the duration gets longer. For questions of 'Do you check nutrition label?' and 'Do you preserve food as described at food label?' in healthy eating index evaluation, the scores appeared higher at younger age group as they check the nutrition label more. Also as the duration for participation gets longer, the scores appeared higher which can be interpreted as effect of nutrition education from Nutrition-Plus. Frequency of having breakfast gets lower at higher age of subjects. And it gets higher as the duration for participation gets longer even though that there's no difference between '3 to 4 months' and '5 to 8 months' of the duration of participation. For evaluation of food security in recent 1 year, 86.8% of subjects responded 'Food sufficiency' and 'Enough but not always the kinds of food we want', and there is no difference by age and the duration of participation. As a result of this research, it is shown that the subjects of nutrition support project are relatively satisfied with the support. And healthy eating index gets improved as the duration of participation gets longer which can be considered as effect of nutrition education. It seems to be necessary to keep nutrition education as well as food support so to perform food life education on appropriate purchase and consumption of food.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

Food frequency, food attitude, eating habits and physical activities of Korean-American children and Korean children were compared. Two hundred and sixty two Korean-American children living in New Jersey and New York in the United States of America(KcUS group) and three hundred and thirty one Korean children living in Seoul, Korea (KcK group) between the ages of 9 and 12 were included. There were significant differences in food frequency between these groups. The KcUS group ate more western food, more food at meal time and more snack than the KcK group. In addition, KcUS group slept longer hours and exercised less than KcK group. In this study, we learned that higher rate of obesity in Korean-American children could be partially explained by the difference in food intake, food attitude, eating habit, and physical activities between the two groups. It is suggested that a different approach will be useful in developing nutrition education programs against childhood obesity for the Korean-American children and Korean children.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.27-40
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education curriculum with teacher's guide which includes discretionary activities for obese children. A survey was carried out to investigate the recognition of body image and food behaviors according to the obesity index (mild, moderate, severe) in school children (4~6th grade, 158 boys and 60 girls) who were selected based on a physical examination in May, 2006 in the Gyeongnam province. Next, a nutrition education curriculum with teacher's guide was developed on the basis of the findings from the survey and from preceding researches. The results are summarized as follow. The results of this study showed the existence of some nutritional problems such as overeating, prejudice, skipping meals, snacking patterns, etc, which indicate the need for nutritional management for obese children. Most overweight children (80.3%) showed the most interest in the nutrition education program, particularly with regards to dieting for weight control (64.7%). The developed nutrition education curriculum consisted of 8 main subjects and 13 subtitles. The curriculum was prepared for 13 lessons and included songs and singing, making-up lyrics, games about nutrition, discussions of the experience of eating (satiety, thirst, hunger), debates on dietary habits, writing and others to promote the interest for learning. We aimed to develop this program in an attempt to improve the dietary habits of obese school children. This is very important because once a dietary habit is formed in adults, it is difficult to change and the best adjustable stage is during childhood. Therefore, early nutrition education during elementary school can change and build-up the awareness of health in young elementary school children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.383-392
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• 2010

This study was conducted to prepare basic materials and offer advice regarding dietary habits to prevent and cure childhood obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habit, nutritional status, blood factors, and mineral contents of hair. All subjects were stratified by their weight-length index (WLI). According to the standard WLI values, 64.9% of children were within the normal value, 13.5% of children were underweight, and 21.6% of children were overweight and obese (WLI ${\geq}$ 110%). Overall, the score assessed dietary habit for all children was $21.32{\pm}2.55$ point (921 subjects), with 5.1% of children having excellent dietary habits and 3.1% having poor dietary habits. Additionally, 37.9% of underweight children, 37.6% of normal weight children, and 43.2% of overweight and obese children consumed higher amounts of protein than underweight children did (meat, fish, eggs, and soy products) (P < 0.05). Overweight and obese children consumed more fried foods than underweight or normal weight children (P < 0.05). Moreover, 38.0% of the children had hemoglobin levels of 12 g/dl, while 7.6% were anemic (11.1 g/dl). When a hematocrit level of 33% was taken as the standard, 11.0% of children were anemic. The plasma transferrin content was $263.76{\pm}54.52$ mg/dl in overweight and obese children. The mean values of Fe, Cu, Ca, Cr, Mn, Se, Na, K, Li, V, Co, and Mo were within the reference values, but the Zn concentrations of underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese children were $67.97{\pm}28.51$ ppm, $70.09{\pm}30.81$ ppm, and $73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm, respectively. The Zn concentration of overweight and obese children ($73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm) was lower than that of the standard value (180~220 ppm). Therefore, a nutritional education program and new guidance for dietary pattern should be developed to reduce the number of underweight and overweight and obese children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.930-942
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate body image perceptions of women about themselves and their preschool children and also to investigate the relationship between these perceptions. Subjects were 545 women and their children (279 boys and 268 girls) residing in Daejeon city. $67.7\%$ of women were classified as normal group, $18.6\%$ as overweight group, and $13.8\%$ as underweight group by BMI. $68.5\%\;and\;78.7\%$ of their boys and girls, respectively, were classified as normal group, $22.4\%\;and\;16.4\%$ as overweight group, $9.1\%\;and\;4.9\%$ as underweight group by WLI. Women made relatively accurate judgments on their current body sizes and selected their body images as the most desirable one. But they preferred plumper figures for their children and failed to perceive their overweight children as overweight. While $74.7\%$ of women wished to be thinner, $81.1\%$ of them wished their children to be fatter. Women spending less then 100 thousand won and more than 500 thousand won as monthly food expenses and having only one child perceived their children's current body sizes the lowest and the highest, respectively. Women wished boys to be fatter than girls. Their current body sizes were correlated positively with the children's current body size (p < .01), and their healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures were correlated positively with children's current, healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures (p < .05- p < .01). Body size dissatisfaction (wish to be thinner) and BMI of women were correlated negatively with children's healthiest and attractive figures (p < .01). These findings suggest that in order to correct the women's body image misperceptions and to prevent childhood obesity, mother's perception about healthy body images for themselves and their children need to be included in nutrition education. Also, it is necessary to assist mothers to understand the relationship of body size and weight status with the risk of chronic disease which might appear later in their children's life. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $930\∼942$, 2005)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.366-373
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess perceptions and preferences of chungkukjang in elementary school children who used a school foodservice. In this investigation, 583 elementary school students(300 boys, 283 girls) in the Seongnam area were surveyed via questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using the SAS package. The results demonstrated that 82.0% of students responded that they were aware of chungkukjang. Female students were more aware of chungkulgang than were male students, and children of the nuclear families were more aware of those of the extended family. With regard to the origins of their interest in chungkulgang, 51.8% of the subjects answered 'through home education' and 35.5% learned about chungkukjang 'through mass media'. Most students recognized chungkulgang as a 'healthy food' and a 'Korean traditional food'. Approximately 44% of the students ate chungkukjang in the school foodservice once per month, and 41.7% preferred this menu. Therefore, in order to increase elementary school students' knowledge and intake of chungkulgang, the school should attempt to foster the quality of chungkulgang in nutrition education, to serve chungkukjang frequently in school foodservices, and to develop recipes for tastier chungkukjang foods for children.