• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of elementary school student's perceived father's trait on self-regulating skills and peer relationship skills as well as the influence of father's trait according to gender of children on self-regulation skills and peer relationship skills. The summary of main results of this is as follows: It can be seen that by diminishing time-bomb and fatherless and enhancing compassionate mentor among sub-factors of father's trait as perceived by children, self-regulation skills and peer relationship skills of children could be improved. And it was understood that in the influence of father's trait as perceived by children on self-regulation skills and peer relationship skills, there is a need to consider gender difference of male and female children.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of korean vowels by acoustically analyzing whether children produce Korean vowels differently according to their age and gender between ages 4 and 6. Methods : A total of 104 children aged 4~6 years (56 males and 48 females) participated in this study. The participants were classified as either 4, 5, or 6 years old. Vowel speech data was obtained by asking the subjects to pronounce meaningful words in which the vowel in question was located in the first syllable. Speech analysis was performed using the Multi-speech 3700 program. Results : Age, gender, and vowel being pronounced all had significant effects on intensity. There was significant decrease with increasing age, and the intensity was significantly higher in male children than female children. Neither age, gender, nor the vowel being produced affected the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency produced did not differ by age or gender. The first and second formants had considerable effect on age and vowels, significantly decreased with age, and did not have a gender difference. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that children aged 4~6 have similar anatomical structures, but that maturity of speech motor skills required to pronounce vowels was correlated with age. The results of this study can be used to evaluate children's speech and develop speech therapy programs.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that are associated with a child's development within a multi-cultural family, taking into account the factors that influence the child's language ability and their play interactions with their mothers. First, there was no significant difference in the children's language ability based on the child's gender, or based on the language in which the mother communicated with her children. However there were significant differences depending on the children's age, the mother's native country, and the period of time the mother had lived in Korea. Second, there was no significant difference in the child-mother play interaction based on the children's age, gender, the mother's native country, the period of time the mother has lived in Korea, or the language in which the mother communicated with her children. However, the boys showed a more hostile attitude toward their mothers, in comparison to the girls. In conclusion, it can be said that there is an urgent need for comprehensive social support services and policies for the overall development of multi-cultural children, especially through programs for children and mothers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine which variables of interest predicted preschoolers' adjustment behavior. The variables of interest in this study were: 1) socio-demographic variables of children and their mothers 2) children's temperament 3) mother's parenting attitudes and 4) children's adjustment behavior. The study subjects were 365 preschooler-mother pairs. SPSS 11.0 program was used to analyze the data of this study. The results of regression analyses showed that a child's age was found to be the most influential predictor of the preschoolers' adjustment behavior. Also, gender and temperament, and maternal parenting altitudes were found to be predictive in the preschoolers' adjustment behavior. Finally, patterns in regression results differed by the preschooler's gender. Implications for research and practice were discussed in light of the study results.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.605-618
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effects of children's temperament, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on preschool children's prosocial behavior. The subjects were 190 children consisting of five and six years old and their mothers and fathers. They were selected from 6 kindergartens. Data was collected using the children's prosocial behavior index, the children's temperament index, the parenting behavior questionnaire, and the parenting stress questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's prosocial behavior according to the children's gender, but there were no significant differences according to the children's age. Correlation analysis indicated that the children's prosocial behavior and children's temperament had significant correlation, especially the children's adaptability and activity indicated high positive correlations. In addition, the children's prosocial behavior and mother's warmth acceptance behavior had significant high positive correlation, and father's rejection restriction behavior had significant high negative correlation. Also, correlation analysis indicated that the children's prosocial behavior and the mother's and father's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction and educational distress had significant negative correlations. It was also found that children's gender, mother's permissiveness non- intervention behavior, mother's educational distress, mother's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, and father's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction were all significant predictors of the preschool children's prosocial behavior.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in food habits, eating behaviors and food frequency by gender and regions in upper grade elementary school children in Korea. Subjects of this study were 1,211 children, 645 boys and 566 girls, attending 6 elementary schools (4th, 5th and 6th graders). 389 children lived in Seoul and 822 children lived in other regions. Mean height, weight and BMI of subjects were 142.4 cm, 38.7 kg and $18.8\;kg/m^2$ respectively. 70.5% of the subjects had breakfast every day and 12.4% of the subjects skipped breakfast. There were significant differences between boys and girls in causes of skipping breakfast, overeating, meal volume, and duration of meals. Girls showed more desirable eating behavior than boys (p < 0.001). Scores for specific eating behaviors such as unbalanced diet and intake of meats and vegetables were better in girls (p < 0.001), and boys ate meals faster than girls (p > 0.001). There were significant differences between Seoul and other regions in eating behavior. Eating behavior scores of children in other regions were higher than in Seoul (p < 0.01). Children in Seoul had a higher frequency of watching television with meals. Frequency of fruits (p < 0.001), milk products (p < 0.01), and meats (p < 0.05) of children in Seoul were higher than other regions. Otherwise the frequency of simple sugar products of children in other regions was higher than Seoul (p < 0.001). Frequency of green vegetables was higher for girls than boys, and frequency of fast foods was higher for boys than girls. These results showed that in nutrition education programs designed to improve the nutritional health of elementary school children, we need to focus more on differences in the children's food habits and eating behaviors by gender and regions. In consideration of these differences, such educational programs need to have a different emphasis for each gender and regions to serve its specific needs.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2012

This research focuses on the self-concept in children of low-income families. A questionnaire was given to elementary school-aged children(grades 3-6). 454 children from low-income families were surveyed. The major findings were as follows: first, the variables that affected the self-concept among the low-income families children were relatively different. For boys, the major influential individual variables were in the following order: grade, stress, and the father's affective attitude. For girls, the major influential individual variables were in the following order: stress, support from friend, father's affective attitude, and grade. Second, through this comparison, this study examined the relative influence of variables that affected children's self-concept. This study proposes interventions to improve their self-concept mechanisms.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

This study investigated the relationship between mother's parenting attitudes and the adjustment to kindergarten of young children by gender and only-child/ sibling status. Subjects consisted of 210 3- to 6-year-old children and their mothers sampled from 3 kindergartens in Seoul City and Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. Instruments were the Maternal Parenting Attitude Scale (Ahn, 2000) and Kindergarten Adjustment Scale(Oh, 2006). Statistical methods were correlation and t-test. Results showed that mothers' hostile parenting attitude correlated with children's problematic adjustment to kindergarten and controlling parenting attitudes correlated with children's negative adjustment to kindergarten. Children's kindergarten adjustment varied by gender : boys' problem behavior was higher than girls'. Finally, being an only child or having siblings was not significantly related to kindergarten adjustment.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in elementary school children's human rights sensitivity and the perception of human rights depending on child variables, family variables, school variables, and predictive influences among these variables. The participants were 1,364 elementary school children in the 'Current Status of Korean Children's and Youth's Rights(2013)'. The results of this study were as follows: First, the variables influencing children's human rights sensitivity were school life experience, grade, the degree to which adolescents think they are respected in deciding family issues, gender, experiences of teacher's swear words, experiences of being neglected, and experiences of being bullied at school. Second, the variables influencing children's perception of human rights were gender, experiences of parents' swear words, school life experience, the degree to which adolescents think they are respected in deciding family issues, and father's educational achievements. The results of this study offered fundamental data about the important issues in researching children's rights and the policy implications for enhancing them.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2014

Purpose: This study undertakes to identify factors influencing the perception university students in Korea hold toward having children. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 187 university students (79 males and 108 females) from one university located in a metropolitan area. Participating students completed a packet of self-report questionnaires on values concerning gender roles, marriage, family and children along with their personal demographic details. The resulting data were analyzed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients as well as descriptive statistics. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors that most influenced the value of children held among university students. Results: The value of having children was negatively associated with the value of family, but positively associated with the value of marriage. In addition, the value of family had a negative relationship with the value of marriage, but a positive relationship with the value of gender role. Stepwise multiple regression found that the equation consisting of gender and value of marriage explained about 42.0% of the variance of the value of having children. Conclusion: Considering the findings from this study, programs promoting the positive values of marriage are required for university students to have positive values toward having children.