• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2002

This study investigated the difference in adopting strategies and goals and the relations in strategies, goals and peer acceptance in term of gender and ages under peer conflict situation. The 625 subjects were selected from the fifth and sixth graders of elementary schools and the first and second graders middle schools. The instruments of measurement were Conflict Resolution Measure, Sociometric Scale. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) Children's strategies in peer conflict situation has significant difference according to gender and grade. 2) Children's goals in peer conflict situation has significant difference according to gender and grade. 3) There were signigicant correlation between strategies and goals. 4) There were significant correlation in strategies and peer acceptance.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.329-346
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• 2001

This analysis of the portrayal of characters in 74 picture books used in kindergarten focused on the gender types and roles of girls and boys, adult females, adult males, and feminist perspectives or sexism. Results showed that girls were rewarded according to their abilities and accomplishments, and they were considered to have equal rights; boys were depicted as dominant, positive, logical, courageous and having initiative; adult females, especially mothers at home, were responsible exclusively for housekeeping and child rearing; adult males, including fathers, were depicted as dominant characters in a variety of professional occupations and social activities, nonetheless, in many books, children were depicted as androgynous personalities having human rights. Though these results show changes in gender stereotypes from the 1970s and 1980s, subtle biases of gender still remain in children's books.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2016

This study investigates the mediation effects of adult children's ambivalence for elderly parents in the relation of psychological well-being of middle aged children with dependence and the intrusiveness of elderly parents that examines the difference of mediation effects by children's gender. We collected data from 659 middle aged children of 40 to 59 years old who have living mother or father. The main findings are as follows. First, there were mediation effects of ambivalence for elderly parents in the relation between psychological well-being of middle aged children and dependency and intrusiveness of elderly parents. The perceived dependence and intrusiveness of elderly parents had a positive influence on the ambivalence of middle aged childen for their elderly parents. Ambivalence for elderly parents had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of middle aged children. In addition, the dependence and intrusiveness of elderly parents did not directly influence the psychological well-being of middle aged children. Second, the mediation effect of ambivalence for elderly parents indicated a gender difference of middle aged children. The dependence of elderly parents affected the ambivalence for elderly parents in the woman group and the intrusiveness of elderly parents only affected ambivalence for elderly parents in the man group. The results were discussed in terms of gender difference.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influences of senior elementary school children's communication level with their fathers and peer competence on their happiness. Methods: The subjects of this study were 310 fifth and sixth grade students attending elementary school in Jeollanam-do. They responded to the level of communication with their fathers, peer competence, and happiness. For the data, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results: First, there were some statistically significant differences according to gender differences in self-esteem and a sub-factor of happiness and the differences according to grades in open-type communication and problem-type communication. Second, it was found that children's happiness was highly correlated with communication with their fathers and peer competence. Third, the factors having the greatest relative influence on overall happiness were in the order of peer competence, open-type communication, problem-type communication, and gender. The variables influencing and the order of relative influence differed according to sub-factors of happiness. Conclusion/Implications: The present study revealed that peer competence has a significant impact on children's happiness. The results of this study suggest that research and development of convergent programs that can improve communication with fathers, peer competence, and children's happiness are necessary.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

This study investigated childhood eating behavior, the influence of eating behavior on the positive and negative emotionality of children, and the pattern or eating behavior influence on emotionality depending on the age and gender of children. A total of 202 children (ages 5 to 7) were selected from 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten ill Seoul and the survey data responses from teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of eating behavior showed a higher positive emotionality score compared to those with lower levels of eating behavior. The effect of gender was not significant and positive emotionality tended to increase in the 5 and 6 year old groups as the level of eating behavior increased; in addition, it was generally similar in the 7 year old group. Second, the children with lower level, of eating behavior showed a higher negative emotionality score compared to those with higher levels of eating behavior. The main effects by age and gender were insignificant; however, the interaction of age and eating behavior affected the negative emotionality of children. The eating behavior of children affects emotionality and children with better eating behaviors showed more positive emotional responses and less negative emotional responses in the same circumstances.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the difference of temperament, self-regulation, and problem behavior according to children's gender and age, (2) to investigate the relationship among three variables by use of canonical correlation analysis. The subjects were 210 children ages from 3 to 5 in five day-care center in Incheon city. The SPSS WIN 12.0 Program was used to analyze the collected data. The statistical methods were Frequency, Percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Two-way ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Canonical Correlation analysis. The major results of this research are summarized as follows: (1) Children's temperament were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in adaptability, activity, and total temperament. Girls got higher score than boys in reactivity. The age 3 got higher score than the age 5 in activity and the ages 3, 4 got higher than the age 5 in total temperament. (2) Children's self-regulation were significantly different by their age. The children who were older got higher scores in self-regulation ability. (3) Children's problems behavior were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in anxiety behavior, aggressive behavior, hyperactive/distractive behavior, and total problem behavior. And the ages 3, 4 got higher score than the age 5 in anxiety behavior and hyperactive/distractive behavior. The age 4 got higher score the ages 3, 5 in aggressive behavior and the age 3 got higher score the ages 4, 5 in total problem behavior. (4) Canonical correlation results showed that stable temperament and self-regulation were positively correlated and self-regulation and problem behavior were negatively correlated.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2011

This study analyzes sexism in children's picture books that incorporate mathematical problems and problem-solving into the plot to determine if children's earliest reading material is affecting the achievement gap between males and females in this subject area. The study focused not just on overall totals of male and female characters, but also analyzed which genders most often portrayed gender stereotyped behaviors and personality traits and which characters were most often shown with mathematical skills. The findings of the study show that there were twice as many male as female characters, and the math problem-solving was generally done by males in the majority of titles.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic information needed for an effective program of nutrition education and the establishment of desirable dietary attitudes in elementary school children. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the participants were 281 elementary school children. The data were analyzed in terms of the participants' gender and level of nutritional knowledge, and group differences were assessed using chi-square and Duncan's multiple range tests. The results were as following: Male and female students did not differ in nutritional knowledge. In terms of health-related life style, there were significant differences according to gender and nutrition knowledge. In terms of dietary habits, there were significant differences in the regularity of meal times according to gender and nutrition knowledge. With regard to food preferences, there was a significant gender difference in taste preferences with the male students preferring a salty taste more than the female students.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2022

Objective: The aims of this study is to investigate the internal and external environment surrounding fathers and to promote play-participation with children and father-Infants Intimacy by identifying the influence of a father's belief concerning gender-equal parental role and the mother's roles as a gatekeeper. Methods: The participants of this study were 291 fathers who had infants ranging from 1-36 months of age and were living in Seoul and South Chungcheong Province. The data were collected through the questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0. Results: The main results are as follows. First, gender roles, livelihood keeper-father beliefs, importance of father rearing, and the mother's role as a doorkeeper affect the father's participation in play. This differs according to the characteristics of each type of play. Second, it was found that the father's gender roles and the mother's role as a doorkeeper had a significant effect on the intimacy between the father and the infant. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study revealed that fathers' belief in gender-equal parenting and mothers' encouragement through opening the door as gatekeepers affect the formation of intimacy between fathers and their children in infancy, and are factors that influence play participation.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health programs for children of the low income classes in order to prevent oral health problems and to provide the effective oral health programs in community children's centers. Methods : The subjects were 464 teachers in community children's centers in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Jeollabuk-do. Results : There were differences between the regions(p<0.05) in oral health guidance among teachers in municipal and provincial community children's centers. The oral health education was considered as the most important thing in those who had more than 6 years career(71.8%), and followed by those having less than five years career(61.3%) and those having two years career(53.8%)(p<0.05). Although many children registered the program and newsletter was sent to the children's homes, but 70% of the children did not brush their teeth regularly(p<0.05). Regardless of region, gender, teaching career, and number of enrolled children, 90 percent or more people found that it necessary for community children's centers to collaborate with dental clinics. There were gender differences between the male and female(p<0.05). Male accounted for 42.4% response rate and female accounted for 36.4%. Approximately About 48.5% of male and 61.6% of female thought that the oral health program is the most important thing(p<0.05). Conclusions : The development of the customized oral health program is the most critical factor to the oral health behavior change in the children in the community children's centers and public dental clinics.