• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

This study investigated children's cognition of physically impossible televised events by age and types of tasks. The 67 subjects were 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children from 1 day care center and 1 elementary school in Seoul. Children's responses were taped and transcribed. Cognition about the events were measured by recognition of impossibility, possibility of replication, and reasons for the possibility of replication of the events. Data were analysed by ANOVA(repeated measure) and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Children's cognitions about the events varied by age groups. Three-year-old children's recognition of the 3 tasks was different from that of the 5-and 7-year-old children; while 3-year-olds interpreted the events on TV as real, 5- and 7-year-olds considered them to be unreal.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.39-53
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• 2007

This study investigated the relationship between young children's comprehension and story making(narrative) by age and gender. Subjects were 109 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds at two child care centers in K Province. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and simple regression analysis. Results showed differences in comprehension between 3-, 4- and 5-year old children and differences in story making ability between 3- and 5-year-old children. Children's comprehension and story making had positive relationships. Specifically, there were significant relationships with children's comprehension and story construct concept, sentence structure level, language(vocabulary and sentence structure). In sum, the results of this study reveal that young children's comprehension ability is partially related to story making ability by age.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This study examined the relationships among maternal psychological life position, involvement in child-rearing and children's emotional intelligence. The subjects were 267 four and five-year-old children and their mothers from five child care centers located in Seoul. Children's emotional intelligence was assessed by the teacher rating scale developed by Kin(1998) and questionnaires were used to assess the maternal psychological life position and involvement in child-rearing. Data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results demonstrated a correlation between the level of the children's emotional intelligence and their gender and age. The strongest predictor of children's emotional intelligence was the child's age.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.613-634
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• 2008

This Study focused on understanding the relationship between the child ren's thinking ability which is based on the genius and the parenting attitude according to their level of age. There were 401subjects including mothers and their children who lived in Seoul city ages from four to six. The Raven CPM testing method for children and the parenting attitude test were used as research tools. Subcategories of the parenting attitude test consisted of the supportive expression, the rational explanation, the achievement press, high involvement, punishment, superintendence, high expectation, and inconsequence. Results showed that by age four children's thinking abilities were affected by the rational explanation, the achievement press, punishment, and superintendence. At age five, the supportive expression and superintendence were important factors to the thinking ability. By age six children were affected by the supportive expression, the rational explanation, punishment and high expectation. It was also discussed the positive or negative effects of the parenting attitude sub-scales to the development of the thinking ability. These results showed the parenting attitudes need to be changed according to the child's age for getting more resonable results to their children's thinking ability.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate how children's peer interaction type and joint problem-solving performance differ, depending on a partner's age, in such a situation as they are asked to solve problems with their peer and (2) to investigate relationship between children's peer interaction type and joint problem-solving performance. Results reveal that children's problem-solving performance receives more benefit in the interactions with older peers, rather than those with younger ones. It can also be improved by higher level of collaborative interactions such as abstract collaborative explanations in joint activities. It is influenced positively by collaborative interactions, expecially when the children are in the same age groups. Results here were discussed in terns Piagetian and Vygotskian theories.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

Most individuals with hearing impairment have difficulty in understanding speech in noisy situations. This study was conducted to investigate sentence recognition ability using the Korean Standard-Sentence Lists for Preschoolers (KS-SL-P2) in pre-school age children with cochlear implants and hearing aids. The subjects of this study were 10 pre-school age children with hearing aids, 12 pre-school age children with cochlear implants, and 10 pre-school age children with normal hearing. Three kinds of signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions (+10 dB, +5 dB, 0 dB) were applied. The results for all pre-school age children with cochlear implants and hearing aids presented a significant increase in the score for sentence recognition as SNR increased. The sentence recognition score in speech noise were obtained with the SNR +10 dB. Significant differences existed between groups in terms of their sentence recognition ability, with the cochlear implant group performing better than the hearing aid group. These findings suggest the presence of a sentence recognition test using speech noise is useful for evaluating pre-school age children's listening skill.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that are associated with a child's development within a multi-cultural family, taking into account the factors that influence the child's language ability and their play interactions with their mothers. First, there was no significant difference in the children's language ability based on the child's gender, or based on the language in which the mother communicated with her children. However there were significant differences depending on the children's age, the mother's native country, and the period of time the mother had lived in Korea. Second, there was no significant difference in the child-mother play interaction based on the children's age, gender, the mother's native country, the period of time the mother has lived in Korea, or the language in which the mother communicated with her children. However, the boys showed a more hostile attitude toward their mothers, in comparison to the girls. In conclusion, it can be said that there is an urgent need for comprehensive social support services and policies for the overall development of multi-cultural children, especially through programs for children and mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.181-194
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• 1989

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of HOME, socio-demographic variables and children's intellectual and social abilities. The subjects of this study were 80 children at age four and their mothers. Instruments included inventory of home stimulation (HOME) and the inventory of socio-demographic variables and K-Binet scale, social naturation scale, and the social-emotional developmental rating scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. HOME, socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation (.37∼..66) with children's intellectual ability. 2. HOME, Socio-demographic variables had a significant positive correlation(.26∼..67) with children's social ability. 3. The variables that significantly predicted children's intellectual ability were play materials, breadth of experience and quality of langage environment. 4. The variables that significantly predicted children's social ability were play materials, economic status of the home and parent education. 5. The results of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's intellectual ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, indirect stimulation, and the emotional climate of the home. 6. The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's social ability directly were direct stimulation, parent's education, economic status of the home.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.483-489
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• 2016

Purpose: We investigated the number of test takers of the Korean-Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) in a single children's hospital within a year, according to age, referral rate, and follow-up percentage. Methods: For this study, 4,062 children who visited and received K-DST at Woorisoa Children's Hospital between January and December 2015 were enrolled. Seven test sets were used according to the Korean National Health Screening Program for infants and children in the following age groups: 4 to 6, 9 to 12, 18 to 24, 30 to 36, 42 to 48, 54 to 60, and 66 to 71 months. The results of the K-DST were categorized into 4 groups as follows: further evaluation (<-2 standard deviation [-2SD]), follow-up test (-2SD to -1SD), peer level (-1SD to 1SD), and high level (>1SD). Results: The test participants' population and follow-up population were concentrated before the age of 24 months (2,532, 62.3%). The children most commonly referred for further evaluation were those in the 30- to 41-month age group. A mismatch was found between the results of the K-DST and the additional questions. Most of the infants and children with suspicious developmental delays showed catch-up development in their follow-up tests (43 of 55, 78.2%). Conclusion: The use of K-DST should be encouraged, especially among children aged over 24 months. Multiple-choice question format for the additional questions is recommended to avoid confusion. We suggest a nationwide study to evaluate and revise the K-DST.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2005

Objectives : Osteoporosis is generally occurred in old age, especially postmenopausal women therefore, it is relatively overlook osteoporosis in children, but the authors have paid attention to bone density in children because maximizing peak bone mass of childhood is advocated as a way to prevent osteoporosis and environmental factor of childhood play role in the regulation of bone density. the present study was performed to measure bone density of children and to assess the influence of age, sex, body size, exercise, weak symptoms on bone density during the period of bone growth. Methods : We have measured bone density of calcaneus bone in 283 children (male 144 female 139, ranged from3 to 18) who visited in growth clinic of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, using quantitative ultra sound densitometry and they were divided into 3 groups by age(3-10, 11-15, 15-18 years). Pearson's correlation was used to assessed the influence of age, body size and Student's t-test was used to detect differences in sex, exercise, weak symptoms between the groups on bone density Results : The bone density correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index in this study. Bone density were significantly higher in males than in female. Digestive weak children's bone density were lower than normal children. Conclusion : Weight-bearing exercise and food rich in nutrition are necessary to increase maximizing peak bone mass in children.