• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.565-583
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• 2023

This study sought to examine the effects of current single-parent family policies on the psychological adaptation of family members in single-parent homes, while also confirming that visitation and child support are indeed in the best interests of children in such cases. An online survey was conducted in 2021 for divorced single mothers and their children (aged 11 to 19) living in metropolitan regions (Seoul, Kyunggi, and Incheon). A total of 171 dyads, comprised of single mothers and their adolescent children, participated in this study. Using the collected data, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation modeling were performed. The major results of this study are as follows. First, visitation with fathers was not significantly associated with self-esteem, aggression, or life satisfaction among the participating adolescent children. On the other hand, when child support was paid, aggression among adolescents was lower than when child support was not paid. Second, neither visitation nor child support was significantly associated with single mothers' levels of depression and life satisfaction. The enforcement of child support guarantees the welfare of children and conforms to the principle of promoting the best interests of minor children. Therefore, child support should be continuously encouraged and supported by agencies in accordance with current law. In order for the implementation of visitation to be in the best interest of the child, the amount and quality of visitation should be secured so that the child can still recognize their non-custodial parents as "caregivers."

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to find the correlation of family abuse experience, social maladaptation, ego resilience and daily life satisfaction in university students, and to explore the mediating role between ego resilience between family abuse experience, social maladaptation and daily life satisfaction. The subjects were 265 university students. The data were analyzed with frequency, Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling by SPSS and AMOS. Instruments were Bradburn(1969)'s The Structure of Psychological Well-being, Olson and Barnes(1982)' Quality of Life, Straus(1988)'s CTSPC(Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales), Shin(2001)'s social maladaptation of Korean General Health, and Block and Kremen(1996)'s ego resilience. The major findings were as follows; Family abuse experience and social maladaptation were negatively correlated with ego resilience and daily life satisfaction. Ego resilience was positively correlated with daily life satisfaction. Ego resilience mediated the effects of family abuse experience, social maladaptation and daily life satisfaction. Family abuse experience and social maladaptation negatively influenced ego resilience and daily life satisfaction. Ego resilience positively influenced daily life satisfaction. Thus special education program and counseling should be provided to increase university students' daily life satisfaction through in order to built ego resilience.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1021-1033
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• 2001

This study sought to find a nursing intervention tool for enhancing elderly women's lives by investigating the causes and the meaning of their grief. Method: This research was derived from a phenomenological tool such as qualitative research design. The data collection took place from December of 2000 until April of 2001 Through systematic interviews and participatory observations of five elderly women attending C welfare center located in downtown Seoul the data was collected. Each interview lasted an hour and a half and was arranged five times. The analysis of this research was conducted using the Giorgi method. Results: \circled1 There was obvious physical and physiological decline caused by aging old; as well as there being spouse health problems, additional physical suffering, signs of senility, and insomnia, \circled2 Further grief was imposed by unpleasant memories of the spouse; infidelity, incapability, and even disregard of her own well-being, \circled3 Then there was pity for children; unfaithful children, uncertain futures of the children, and early death of a child, \circled4 Also, regrettable fate, painful daily acttrities, unreliable factors, bad circumstances, and feelings emptiness were reported, \circled5 Finally, anxiety for the future; ac sense of despair, loneliness, economic hardship, and the fear of imminent death increased grief levels. Conclusion: A variety of programs and social meetings for the elderly to overcome their physiological or psychological crisis should be substantially developed and supported by the government. In order to implement the social welfare for the elderly women, special consideration whether on the governmental level or the personal level, should be devoted to the elderly who live without any financial support or social concern.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

This study has examined multiple influences of several variables on parenting behavior by looking into illustrative studies. This study provides support to the view that various factors influence parenting and that parenting behavior is multiply determined. Characteristics of parents, children and the context in which parent-child relations occur cause different childrearing patterns among parents. This study can be summarized as follows: 1) Parental behavior is influenced to a large degree by what the parent brings to the situation. In other words, characteristics of the parent including personality characteristics, interpersonal skills, problem-solving skills, level of maturity, values and childrearing beliefs contribute to individual differences in parenting. 2) The parent's relationship history influences the personality characteristics that the parent brings to his or her adult roles. To understand who the parent is today, we have to look at who the parent was, and what the parent was doing in the years prior to parenthood. That is, we need to see the life course of the individual before parenthood. 3) Contextual variables including the immediate context and the larger context have proved to influence parental behaviors. Characteristics of the immediate context such as the quality of marital rationship can influence the parent's psychological well-being and his or her behavior toward the childen while characteristics of the larger context such as the economic situation and the neighborhood can influence the level of stress experienced by the parent and cosequently how the parent relates to his or her child. 4) In order to understand the development of the parent-child relationship we need to look at the characteristics of the child. Children may elicit positive behaviors from their parents, or they may possess characteristics that the parents find aversive thus leading to difficulties in the relationship. Therefore, much depends on the fit beween the characteristics of the parents and characteristics of the child. By examining multiple contemporaneous influences on parenting, this study could deepen the understanding of why parents have different childrearing patterns, why some parents fail to meet their children's demands and why parents act in certain ways. What we ultimately hope is that as we learn more about parenting and the development of parent-child relationships, we will be better able to provide parents with the supports they need to achieve their parenting goals.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 (1) 초등학교 3학년 자녀를 둔 취업모의 일-가족 갈등, 일-가족 향상, 일-양육 갈등, 일-양육 향상을 분류지표로 하는 유형을 도출하고, (2) 각 유형을 예측하는 개인, 가족, 직장, 지역사회 특성을 규명하며, (3) 유형별로 심리적 결과에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해, 한국아동패널 10차년도(2017년, 초등학교 3학년 시기) 보호자용과 어머니용 자료 중 기혼이면서 상용직으로 근무하고 있는 여성 451명의 응답을 사용하였다. 잠재프로파일분석 결과, 일-가족·양육 (1) 향상형(11.91%), (2) 중간형(47.85%), (3) 혼재형(40.24%)의 세 가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 유형분류를 예측하는 요인은 주관적 건강상태, 자녀의 학교적응, 근무시간, 양육환경 적절성 및 지역사회 서비스인프라 만족도였다. 유형별 심리적 결과는 삶의 만족도, 결혼만족도, 직장만족도의 경우 향상형, 중간형, 혼재형의 순서였고, 세 집단의 차이가 유의하였다. 우울은 혼재형, 중간형, 향상형의 순서였고, 역시 세 집단의 차이가 유의하였다. 본 연구는 일-가족 갈등과 향상, 일-양육 갈등과 향상을 기반으로 발견한 유형별 차이를 알아봄에 있어 다양한 예측요인과 심리적 결과를 살펴봄으로써, 일-가족·양육 유형화에 관한 종합적인 이해를 도모했다는 의의가 있다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2000

This study is designed to investigate what elders think about the meaning of aging. We have used Q-methods to identify meaning of aging from elders, and developed self-referenced surveys to analyze characteristics In this study, we used a non-structured method to select Q sampling. From 183 Q populations, we selected 36 Q sampling. A total of 32 persons sixty-years or older were randomly selected for P samples, When the Q-sorting was complete, we interviewed the participants at both end of the extremes(agree or disagree), and documented their responses. We used PC QUANL to process the data and used principal component analysis for Q factor analysis. There were five subjective types for the meaning of aging by elders. Of the 32 P-samples of elders, 11 were identified as Type 1, 7 as Type 2, 2 as Type 3, 8 as Type 4, and 4 as Type 5. Type 1 : 'Matured elders' Elders wished the well being of their children, thought older persons should maintain good health, worried about becoming senile, and dependent God believing in life after death. Type 2 : 'Assertive-Rights' Elders categorized as Assertive-Rights insisted on their rights to life as a person. Type 2 elders characterized themselves as people who should keep themselves healthy, become weak and lack sexual desires, act selfish like a child, need to be protected, and be financially independent. Type 3 : 'Passive-Dependents' Elders characterize themselves as those who pray for their children's well being, worry about the children even after their death. and becoming senile. Type 4 : 'Hopeless' The 'Hopeless' type of elders characterized aging as a time to pray for their children, insignificant beings, thoughts were selfish and child-like, poor, worried about going senile, regret their life overall, and preferred to die than to live as an old person. Type 5 : 'Attached-Present' The 'Attached-Present' type of elders thought elderly characterized themselves as acting selfish and child-like, wiser, anxious, regret their life, stand aloof of greed and worldly things, being a model for the society, and deserving to be treated with filial respect. Thus far, Korean elders seemed to have a positive and negative meaning of aging due to the current changes in the society, value system, and family structures. The above five subjective meanings of aging confirm that we need to approach and nurse the elderly differently. Years of aging are a part of and a natural process of life with various physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Nurses need to assist elderly to find the positive meaning of their life by providing appropriate physical, psychological, and social support at an earlier stage in nursing. Based on this study, we could derive the following two implication from the perspectives of science of nursing to care for elders. 1) Based on the studies investigating the type of meaning of aging, we could develop tools to assist in nursing intervention programs for elderly. 2) Based on research on the meaning of aging for different developmental stages of life, we could develop a model for roles for different family members in nursing and caring for the elders.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine physical health and depression by women's employment status and role satisfaction, and to identify significant predictors for women's health status. Method: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 181 women who were employed or not employed whose child was attending an elementary school through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, 2-way ANCOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Result: Employed women had poorer physical health than that of nonemployed women and women who had greater satisfaction as a parent reported better physical health and lower level of depression than who had lower satisfaction with covariates. Predictor for better physical health after controlling for covariates was being not employed, greater satisfaction with worker's role if employed, and greater satisfaction with parent's role. Women who had lower level of depression reported greater satisfaction with their social roles, but occupancy of multiple roles and role satisfaction as worker were not related to depression. Conclusion: Role quantity and role quality seem to be very important factors to maintain better physical and psychological well-being in women.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of experiences in close relationships with teachers for young children on their depression and to see whether there would be a mediating effect of their self-compassion. Methods: The subjects were 206 teachers recruited from Seoul and five different provinces who currently worked at the kindergarten and child care centers and agreed to participate in the survey. The data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentages, Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Pearson's correlation using SPSS 25.0 and model 4 provided in The PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.4 version. Results: The findings were as followed. First, the teachers' degrees of anxiety and avoidance for their close relationships were below the median scores. In contrast their degree of self-compassion was above the median score. In addition, their level of depression was relatively low. Second, both of the teachers' anxiety and avoidance for their close relationships had a positive impact on their depression and their self-compassion, and there were the partial mediating effect in both cases. Conclusion/Implications: These results imply that the early attachment experience connecting the experience in close relationships in the adulthood is important and that it is necessary to develop a program to enhance teachers' self-compassion to protect their psychological well-being.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.139-158
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• 2017

Following the global trend of the delayed transition to adulthood, the number of unmarried middle aged adult children living with, or economically dependent on their parents has increased in Korea. Middle aged adult children in Korea are traditionally expected to satisfy their duty to support their elderly parents both in economic and emotional needs. This study aims to explore group differences in unmarried adult children in their mid 30s or older and in parents having unmarried middle aged child(ren) depending on co-residency and the children's eonomic dependency in Korea. Using quota sampling in terms of living arrangements (living together vs. living apart), 500 unmarried adult children 35 years of age or older and 500 elderly parents, having at least one unmarried child in the mid of 30s or over, were selected in Seoul, Korea in June 2016. First, the findings show that unmarried adult children living together with their parents and depending on their parents economically were in the lowest level of educational achievement and the lowest level of monthly average income among the respondents. Second, both unmarried adult children and parents from the group of co-residency and economically dependent showed the lowest level of psychological well-being. Third, parents from the group of co-residency and economically independent had mostly positive relationships with children, whereas, parents from the group of living apart and economically dependent reported the most negative relationships. Finally, respondents included in the group of co-residency had positive attitudes toward marriage and the support for their elderly parents regardless of the child's economic dependency. This study has implications for the increasing number of unmarried middle aged adult children and their elderly parents.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-121
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• 2016

Objectives: The major purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships of parent-child relationship and self-differentiation with interpersonal competence among college students. Specifically, this study also attempted to find the differences of three major variables according to participant's general characteristics, to investigate the correlations among variables and to analyze the effects of related variables on interpersonal competence. Method: The participants were 388 college students in Jeollabuk-do province. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire method. Results: First, there were significant differences in the level of interpersonal competence according to gender and the monthly family income. Second, correlational analyses results indicated that college students' interpersonal competence was positively related with parent-child relationship and self-differentiation, and the latter two variables were also positively correlated. Finally, the results of multiple regression analyses reported that interpersonal competence was influenced by intimacy with mother, I-position, and emotional cutoff, showing that I-position was the most influential variable. In addition, I-position was also found to be the powerful variable affecting all sub-factors of interpersonal competence. Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of providing education and/or counseling services focusing on strengthening the relationship with their parents and on increasing self-differentiation level for college students' greater interpersonal competence, which are considered as critical indices of their mental health and psychological well-being.