• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

Maternal depression is known to have important negative effects on mother, child and mother-child relationship. To review current research evidence of association between maternal depression and their children's health and development, relevant studies were identified using Medline and Kiss(Korean studies Information Service System). The majority of research has reported that children of mother with depression are at risk for impaired physical functioning, growth and developmental delays, and behavioral problems compared to general population. From these studies, it is suggested that these kinds of studies are necessary in this country to examine the relation between maternal depression and children's health and development. Recommendations are included for future research and screening programs for maternal depression.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' conflict and child-rearing and school-aged children's depression in low income family and non-low income family. The subjects were 357 school-aged children who attended elementary school and who were 5th 176(49.3%) and 6th grade 181(50.7%)(boys were 206(57.7%), girls 151(42.3%)). The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, simple regression, enter regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: (1) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with children's depression in low income and non-low income family. (2) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. (3) Parents' conflict partially exerted indirect effect on children's depression, controlled by parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. The effect of parents' child-rearing as mediation was higher in low-income family than in non-low income family.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effect of Family System Functioning, Parent & Child Factor and Parent-child Relation on Adolescent's Psychological Well-being (Family Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem and Depression), and the causal relations of Adolescedent's Depression and Related Variables. The subjects were 532 triads of adolescents and their parents living in Seoul area, Korea. The survey methods were questionaires included FACES n, PAC Inventory, family life satisfactin scale, KMSS, Self-Esteem Inventory and CES-D, etc. Data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, paired t - test, Pearson's correlation , multiple regression, and path analysis The major findings were as follows: Family system functionings had a indirect effect through adolescents'family life satisfaction, self-esteem on adolescents'depression. The degree of openness of parent-adolescent communication and father's marital satisfaction had a indirect effect through adolescents'family life satisfaction on adolescents'depression. Adolescents'satisfaction with physical self, peer-relations and school life had a indirect effect through adolescents'self-esteem on their depression. Also adolescents'satisfaction with peer-relations and their fathers'depression had a direct effect on their depression.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.197-210
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to explore the effects of differentiation, emotion over involvement(expressed emotion), and criticism between middle-or-old aged parent and child, by relation of emotional system, on child's psychological depression. The subject of this study were m premarital adult children over 30 years old. The major findings of this study were as follows. First. it was found that mother-child differentiation was more perceptive than that of father-child. With psychological depression, expressed emotion within family and criticism were shown average score that was lower than middle score. Second, among demographic characteristics, there are significant differences premarital adult children's sex, education, income, family type, father's education, and parents' marital status. Third, as the result of regression analysis, the higher level of psychological depression when the lower differentiation between parent-child, the higher expressed emotion over involvement within family and criticism. Based on the findings in this study, the relation of emotional system is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the therapeutic intervention and relation improvement program when individual and family counseling about parent-child are going on.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine levels of temperament, parent-child attachment and depression of adolescents and verify its effects. Methods: Surveys were conducted with 500 students from two middle schools, one located in Seoul and one in Gyeonggi Province. Adolescent temperament was measured using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, parent-child attachment using the Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and depression using the Children's Depression Inventory. Cluster, t-test, correlation and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Characteristics of temperament were classified into 2 groups. The 'Adaptation vulnerable group' showed high Harm Avoidance and the 'Adaptation protective group' showed high Reward Dependence, and Patience. The 'Adaptation vulnerable group' showed lower attachment and higher depression than the 'Adaptation protective group'. Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance correlated positively with depression and negatively with attachment. Students with higher levels of attachment reported lower levels of depression. The logistic regression analysis showed that the 'Adaptation vulnerable group' was 2.16 times more likely to be affected by depression than 'Adaptation protective group'. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to develop depression intervention programs for adolescent psychological health and provide encouragement in the development of parent-child attachment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2010

This study examined whether children's self-esteem has a mediating effect upon the need for peer approval in terms of both depression and social competence. The participants of this study were 393 5th graders in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The children filled out questionnaires on the need for peer approval, self-esteem and depression. Teachers were asked to rate the levels of the children's social competence. Data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Our results indicated that self-esteem mediated effects of the need for peer approvals on children's depression. Children who sought positive approval from peers had higher self-esteem, which in turn lowered the level of children's depression. Children who avoided negative approval from peers had lower self-esteem, which in turn contributed to children's depression. However, self-esteem did not have a mediating effect upon the need for peer approval in terms of children's social competence.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.551-564
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• 2016

This study examined the causal relationship between a mothers' depression and the emotional problems of their preschool-aged children as indicated by anxiety, depression and emotional reactivity. We analyzed data from 1,528 mothers and their children from the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) collected when the children were 4 years old and 5 years old. Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling was conducted using AMOS ver. 23.0 to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal effects between mothers' depression and children's emotional problems. The results indicated that both mothers' depression and children's emotional problems were relatively stable between the ages of 4 to 5. There were significant cross-lagged effects from the mothers' depression to children's emotional problems and from children's emotional problems to mothers' depression. Mothers reported higher levels of depression when the children were 4 years old and the children showed more anxiety, depression and emotional reactivity when they were 5 years old. Emotional problems when the children were 4 predicted greater depression among mothers 1 year later. We also examined the group difference (between boys and girls) in the study model. Gender differences were not statistically supported. The results suggested that early assessment and intervention for mothers' depression and children's emotional problems are essential for a healthy mother-child relationship and later child outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.612-623
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the relation of the mother's tendency to base her self-worth on the child's achievement(child-based self-worth), negative parental relationship, and the mother's depression. For this purpose, 400 Korean mothers with children in middle and high schools completed the survey including Child-based Self-worth Scale, Adolescent-Parent relationship Scale, and CES-D scale. SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used to analysis procedure. The results were as follows: first, the mother's child-based self-worth, dysfunctional parent-child interaction, and depression were positively correlated to one another. Second, dysfunctional parent-child interaction fully mediated the relationship between the mother's child-based self-worth and depression. Lastly, this study discussed significance and limitations of this study, as well as proposals for future research.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.242-252
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the current status of depression and related factors among children using community child center. Methods: A cross-sectional study selected children in grades 4-6 who used the Gwangju and Jeollanamdo community child center (n=224) using a convenience sampling method. General characteristics, family characteristics, children's emotional characteristics, children's school life environment and depression status were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The average score of depression among children using community child center was 15.31±7.70 out of a total of 27. Fifty-eight (25.9%) children had depression above 22 points. Variables related to children's depression were shown as grade, subjective economic level awareness, after-school activities excluding local children's centers, presence of family members after school, and family structure. Conclusions: The depression prevalence of children using community child center was higher. Policy support such as children's psychological support programs would be needed to reduce children's depression, and community child centers are expected to be effective in reducing children's depression if continuous child psychological support services are developed for children's mental health.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.99-111
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discriminate important variables among general self-efficacy, peer attachment, and parent-child communication that could predict internalizing problems(anxiety, depression) of Korean children of divorce. The participants were 101 children aged from 10 to 13. They completed questionnaires and discriminant function analyses were performed. The results showed that (a) the discriminant function derived from 3 variables was effective in classifying high, moderate, and low group of children's anxiety and depression, (b) parent-child communication plays a key role in predicting anxiety and general self-efficacy plays a key role in predicting depression of Korean children of divorce, (c) but peer attachment plays a significant role only to predict depression. This means that anxiety and depression of Korean children of divorce result from different kind of interactions among children's important contexts.