Child Health Nursing Research

Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing (한국아동간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Adolescent Temperament and Parent-child Attachment on Depression

청소년의 기질, 부모 애착과 우울

  • Yim, So-Youn (Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Chae, Myoung-Ok (Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Ja-Hyung (Division of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University)
  • 임소연 (이화여자대학교 건강과학대학 간호과학부) ;
  • 채명옥 (이화여자대학교 건강과학대학 간호과학부) ;
  • 이자형 (이화여자대학교 건강과학대학 간호과학부)
  • Received : 2012.08.29
  • Accepted : 2012.10.22
  • Published : 2012.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was done to examine levels of temperament, parent-child attachment and depression of adolescents and verify its effects. Methods: Surveys were conducted with 500 students from two middle schools, one located in Seoul and one in Gyeonggi Province. Adolescent temperament was measured using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, parent-child attachment using the Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and depression using the Children's Depression Inventory. Cluster, t-test, correlation and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Characteristics of temperament were classified into 2 groups. The 'Adaptation vulnerable group' showed high Harm Avoidance and the 'Adaptation protective group' showed high Reward Dependence, and Patience. The 'Adaptation vulnerable group' showed lower attachment and higher depression than the 'Adaptation protective group'. Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance correlated positively with depression and negatively with attachment. Students with higher levels of attachment reported lower levels of depression. The logistic regression analysis showed that the 'Adaptation vulnerable group' was 2.16 times more likely to be affected by depression than 'Adaptation protective group'. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to develop depression intervention programs for adolescent psychological health and provide encouragement in the development of parent-child attachment.

Keywords

References

  1. Abrams, K. Y., Yune, S. K., Kim, S. J., Jeon, H. J., Han, S. J., Hwang, J., et al. (2004). Trait and state aspects of harm avoidance and its implication for treatment in major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive personality disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 240-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01226.x
  2. Ainsworth, M. S. (1969). Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development, 40, 969-1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127008
  3. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939
  4. Choi, I. S. (2012). Effect of maternal parenting behavior on early adolescents' depression according to sex: Moderating effects of social support and negative emotional experience. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19, 136-160.
  5. Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975-990. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
  6. Ge, X., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2001). Pubertal transition, stressful life events and the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. Developmental Psychology, 37, 404-417. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.404
  7. Grucza, R. A., Przybeck, T. R., Spitznagel, E. L., & Cloninger, C. R. (2003). Personality and depressive symptoms; A multi-dimensional analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 74, 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00303-8
  8. Ha, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. S., Park, Y. Y., Moon, S. Y., Kim, S. J., et al. (2010). Child health nursing. Seoul: Shinkwangpub.
  9. Han, E. G., & Yoo, A. J. (1994). Children's and adolescents' depression, attributional style and academic achievement. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 32(3), 147-157.
  10. Kim, G. S., Jeon, Y. S., & Lee, C. W. (2009). The Influence of attachment, differentiation, and self-esteem on adolescent depression. Journal of Korean Family Therapy, 17, 209-224.
  11. Kim, J. M., & Lee, J. H. (2008). The effect of peer acceptance, friendship quality, and academic performance on adolescents' social anxiety and depression. The Korean Journal of Counselling, 9, 1747-1767. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.9.4.200812.1747
  12. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). The Korean national adolescent health behavior survey. Seoul: Author.
  13. Kovacs, M. (1983), The children's depression inventory: A self-rated depression scale for school-aged youngsters. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh.
  14. Kwak, Y. H., & Chung, H. H. (2011). The Influence of adolescents' temperament and perceived parenting attitudes on depression: Mediating effect of early maladaptive schema. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(8), 45-64.
  15. Lee, H. J. (2004). Perceived parenting behaviors and attachment styles in persecutory deluded and depressed patients. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 381-395.
  16. Lee, J. K. (2012). A longitudinal effects of parent attachment, peer attachment and teacher attachment on delinquency in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 14(2), 51-73.
  17. Lee, K. Y., Choi, S. C., & Kong, J. S. (2011). The effects of parents-children dysfunctional communication and academic stress on adolescents' suicide ideation-focusing on the mediating effects of depression and gender differences. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(5), 83-108.
  18. Lee, S. H., & Hwang, S. T. (2009). Construct validity of the TCI-RS (Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version): Comparing temperament and character with depression and anxiety in korean undergraduates. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 533-548. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.2.012
  19. Min, B. B., Oh, H. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2007). Temperament and character inventory-family manual. Seoul: Maumsarang.
  20. Oh, H. S., & Min, B. B. (2004). Temperament and character inventory-adolescence. Seoul: Maumsarang.
  21. Ok, J. (1998). The relationship between attachment security and depression in adolescence. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  22. Park, H. W., & Son, C. N. (2012). Temperament, perceived maternal behaviors, and attachment style in young adult with borderline personality disorder features. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 1-16.
  23. Park, Y. J., Shin, N. M., Han, K. S., Kang, H. C., Cheon, S. H., & Shin, H. J. (2011). Depression status of academic high school students in Seoul: Mediating role of entrapment. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 41, 663-672. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.663
  24. So, S. S., Song, M. K., & Kim, C. S. (2010). The effects of perceived parenting behavior and school adjustment on the depression of early adolescent. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 17(3), 1-23.
  25. Svrakic, D. M., Draganic, S., Hill, K., Bayon, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C..R. (2002). Temperament, character, and personality disorders: Etiogic, diagnostic, treatment issues. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02196.x
  26. Tak, Y. R., & Lee, E. Y. (2004). A childhood attachment and adolescent's self esteem as predictors of health efficacy in adolescents. Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing, 10(1), 89-97.
  27. Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York, Brunner/Mazel.
  28. Yoo, S. J., & Kwon, S. M. (2009). The clinical implications of temperamentcharacter model in psychological assessment and intervention. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8, 563-586.
  29. Yoon, M. S., & Lee, J. K. (2009). A longitudinal effects of parent attachment on depression in early adolescence. Korean Journal of Family Therapy, 17, 209-224.
  30. Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2005). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Seoul: Soomoonsa.