• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1501-1505
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• 2008

A broiler experiment was conducted to compare the effects of duration and level of iron-methionine chelate (Fe-Met) supplementation on the iron, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content of broiler meat. Two hundred and fifty hatched Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 5 replicates of 10 birds (5 males and 5 females) each. Birds were housed in raised floor batteries and fed traditional broiler diets ad libitum for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments were as follows: Control and two levels of Fe-Met (100 or 200 ppm in Fe) supplemented for either the whole period (0-5 wk) or grower period (4-5 wk). Production performance was not significantly affected by treatments. Iron content in the muscles (breast, leg and wing) and organs (liver and spleen) were significantly (p<0.05) increased as the level and duration of Fe-Met supplementation increased. The highest concentration of iron was shown in Fe-Met 200 fed for the whole period. Liver contained the highest amount of iron followed by spleen, leg muscle, wing muscle and breast muscle. Supplementation of Fe-Met 200 for the grower period resulted in higher iron concentration in liver and spleen than supplementation of Fe-Met 100 for the whole period. However, the same treatment resulted in lower iron concentration in muscles (breast, leg and wing) than the treatment of Fe-Met 100 for the whole period. In order to achieve the highest iron enrichment in the muscles, Fe-Met should be supplemented at 200 ppm in Fe for the whole period (5 wks). Fe-Met supplementation increased copper concentration in all muscles and organs except wing muscle. Zinc concentration decreased in breast and wing muscle but tended to increase in leg muscle, liver and spleen by Fe-Met 200 supplementation. Color of muscle was not significantly affected by Fe-Met treatments. However, redness of leg and breast muscle, and yellowness of leg and breast muscle tended to increase by supplementation of Fe-Met for the whole period. It was concluded that iron content of broiler meat can be effectively enriched by supplementation of 200 ppm of Fe as Fe-Met for 5 wks.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2009

본 논문은 지렁이를 이용한 계분처리 그리고 지렁이를 이용한 계육 및 계란의 생산과 안전성에 관한 연구에 대해서 정리하였다. 1. 대구교육대학교 내 지렁이가 계분을 양질의 물질로 전환시키는 친환경 계사가 만들어졌다. 2. 높은 단백질 함량과 균형 잡힌 아미노산 및 양질의 지방산을 포함하는 지렁이 분말은 단위동물의 사료원으로 최상이다. 3. 육계의 사료 중 $0.2{\sim}0.4%$의 지렁이 분말의 첨가는 사료 중 단백질 소화율을 개선시켜서 생산성을 증가시켰다. 4. 산란계에서의 지렁이 분말 $0.2{\sim}0.6%$ 첨가는 산란성적을 개선시켰으며, 계란의 질 특히 난황중의 n-6/n-3의 균형을 개선시켰다. 5. 지렁이 분말 중에 As, Cd, Cr, Hg 및 Pb 등의 중금속이 소량 검출되었으나 이 지렁이 분말을 사료첨가제로 먹고 생산된 계육과 계란에서는 상기에 제시한 중금속이 검출되지 않았다. 그러므로 지렁이 분말을 첨가제로 생산된 계육과 계란은 중금속의 축적에서 안전하다고 할 수 있다. 5. 본 연구에서는 지렁이는 친환경 축산에도 매우 중요한 소재로 활용가능하다는 것을 시사하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1608-1614
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the different dietary ratios of n-6 to n-3 (n-6/n-3) fatty acid (FA) on performance and n-6/n-3 FA in muscles of broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments of 10 replicates in each (10 birds/replicate). Birds were fed on a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 1% oil during starter (day 1 to 21) and 2% oil during finisher (day 22 to 39) phases, respectively. Treatments of high, medium and low dietary n-6/n-3 FA were formulated by replacing rice bran oil with linseed oil to achieve n-6/n-3 FA close to >20:1, 10:1 and 5:1, respectively. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) among the treatments. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments. In breast, concentration of C18:3n-3 was significantly greater (p = 0.001) for medium and low vs high n-6/n-3 FA, while concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, total n-3 FA, and n-6/n-3 FA were significantly higher for low vs medium, and medium vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In contrast, concentrations of C18:2 and mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) were lower for low vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In thigh muscles, concentrations of C20:5n-3 were higher (p<0.05) for medium and low vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA, and concentrations of C18:3n-3, C22:6, and n-3 FA were greater (p<0.05) for medium vs high, low vs medium dietary n-6/n-3 FA. However, concentrations of C18:1, MUFA, n-6/n-3 were lower (p<0.05) for low and medium vs high dietary n-6/n-3 FA. In conclusion, lowering the dietary n-6/n-3 FA did not affect the performance of chickens, but enhanced beneficial long-chain n-3 FA and decreased n-6/n-3 FA in chicken breast and thigh, which could be advantageous for obtaining healthy chicken products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

육계사료 내 마늘분말의 첨가급여가 육계의 성장성적과 간 HMG-CoA reductase의 발현에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 1일령의 육계 Ross 수평아리에게 마늘분말을 0%(항생제 첨가 또는 항생제 무첨가), 1%, 3% 및 5%의 수준으로 첨가한 실험사료를 각각 6주간 급여하였다. 증체량은 항생제 무첨가 대조구에 비하여 마늘분말 3% 및 5%를 첨가한 처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료섭취량은 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 육계 사료 내 5%까지의 마늘분말의 첨가급여는 증체량과 사료섭취량에 부정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 간, 비장, 맹장 및 가슴 근육에 대한 상대적 중량은 처리가 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 근육 내 콜레스레롤 함량은 항생제 첨가 대조구에 비해 감소하였으나 통계적인 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. IB 항체 생성량은 항생제 무첨가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 간의 HMGCoA reductase mRNA의 발현은 대조구에 비해 마늘분말을 첨가한 모든 처리구에서 저하된 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 사료 내 마늘의 첨가급여는 육계의 성장촉진 효과를 나타내었으며, 콜레스테롤 대사에 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 시사되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2007

본 연구는 한국 재래 오골계의 성장에 따른 조직학적 및 생리학적 특성을 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 계군들의 체중, 흉근과 가자미근의 무게 측정 및 시료의 채취는 부화 직후 및 3, 5, 15주령에 이루어졌다. 근섬유 특성은 부화 직후에서 15주령까지의 오골계 흉근과 가자미근을 이용하여 분석하였고, DNA, RNA 및 단백질 함량은 왼쪽 흉근에서 측정하였다. 체중의 상대적인 증가율은 부화 직후에서 3주령까지의 기간에 가장 크게 나타났다. 가슴의 무게는 부화 직후에서 3주령까지의 기간에 약 24.46배가 증가했으며, 가슴 중 흉근도 동일한 기간 동안 약 31.14배 증가하였다. 소퇴부 및 가자미근의 무게 역시 부화 직후에서 3주령까지의 시기에 뚜렷한 증가가 나타났다. 모든 근섬유의 단면적은 성장 기간 동안 증가하는데, 15주의 실험 기간 동안 흉근의 근섬유 단면적은 65배 증가($34.06\;{\pm}\;3.08$에서 $2238\;{\pm}\;177\;{\mu}m^2$)하였다. 흉근의 근섬유 단면적은 부화 직후에서 3주령까지의 기간에는 약 18배, 3주령에서 5주령까지의 기간 동안에는 약 1.6배 증가를 보였다. 따라서 흉근의 근섬유 단면적과 무게 역시 3주령 때까지 가장 큰 증가를 보임을 알 수 있다. 핵산 및 단백질의 함량을 분석한 실험에서도 부화 직후에서 3주령 사이에 가장 큰 증가가 나타났는데, 부화부터 3주령까지의 기간 동안 각각 DNA 총량은 13배, RNA 총량은 21배, 단백질 총량은 30배 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2018

A total of 576 seven-day-old male Ross 308 broilers with an average initial BW of $180{\pm}1g$ were used in a 4 week feeding experiment which included a starter phase (7 to 21 d) and a grower phase (22 to 35 d). Birds were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment and 16 birds per pen. The treatments consisted of the following: T1, Control; T2, T1 + 0.1% Creamer (Dongsuh Foods Corporation, Incheon, Korea), and T3, T1 + 0.5% Creamer. The broilers were weighed by pen and feed intake (FI) and the number of living broiler chickens were recorded on d 7, 21, and 35. These information were used to calculate the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). As results of this experiment, there were no significant differences in the BWG, FCR and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. With regards to meat quality, no adverse effects were observed among the treatments. However, a higher score in redness was observed in T3 than in T1. In addition, the relative weight of breast muscle was reduced in T3 compared with T1. Regardless of the nondairy creamer (NDC) inclusion levels, no negative effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility were observed. In conclusion, non-dairy creamer could be a kind of fat sources additive in broiler diets, further studies are needed to test the optimum levels of the NDC to be supplemented in broilers diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2010

The applicability of electronic nose was tested to detect lipid peroxidation in chickens and to measure antioxidant effect of astaxanthin in chicken carcasses. Two sources of astaxanthin were fed to 62-wk-old spent laying hens to improve meat quality: natural astaxanthin (NA) from the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, and synthetic astaxanthin (SA) from chemical synthesis. One hundred forty four ISA Brown laying hens were used in a 6-wk feeding trial. Three treatments consisted of the basal diet (control), SA (100 mg astaxanthin/kg basal diet) and NA (50 mg astaxanthin/kg basal diet). The astaxanthin levels of SA and NA were set to give a similar degree of skin pigmentation. After 6-wk feeding of astaxanthin, the skins from NA and SA were discriminated from the control by electronic nose. However, electronic nose failed to distinguish between SA and NA skins after 6-wk feeding. The astaxanthin level differences between skins of SA and NA were not remarkable during the 6-wk trial. The lipid peroxide formation in skin was significantly decreased by SA but not by NA. The antioxidation effect of SA was detected by electronic nose because SA skin was discriminated from others. NA was a better pigmentation agent than SA, but the reverse was true in antioxidation. Electronic nose is applicable for detecting astaxanthin in chicken, and meat off-flavor caused by lipid peroxidation during storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin C supplemented in either feed or water on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers during the hot season. For a 6 week feeding trial, a total of 330 broiler chicks (Ross, 4 d old, average 57 g BW) were alloted to five treatments. The treatments of vitamin C (VC) supplementation were 1) 0 ppm VC, 2) 10 ppm VC in feed, 3) 20 ppm VC in feed, 4) 5 ppm VC in water and 5) 10 ppm VC in water. During the starter phase (0-3 week), chicks on non-supplemented group grew slower (p<0.01) than the supplemented ones, and a similar trend was also noted during finisher stage and the overall stage. Feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented groups and higher when fed in feed as compared with water during all stages. But feed conversion efficiency was significantly improved in non-supplemented groups compared to supplemented ones in finisher and overall stage. The digestibility of gross energy and ether extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher during starter phase in supplemented, given in feed, and at higher levels as compared with non-supplemented, given in water, and at lower levels, respectively. The bone resistance was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented, supplied in feed groups as compared with their counterparts. Except breast meat, the dressing percentage and abdominal fat were also higher in supplemented group and the dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in VC supplemented in feed as to water, but no effect of supplementation was noticed on meat color when compared between the methods of feeding (feed vs. water). The levels of VC in plasma and liver increased linearly, as the level of supplementation both in feed and water increased and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in feed group as compared with water group. It can be concluded that, retention and availability of vitamin C in feed was higher than those in water, and supplementation of VC during summer was beneficial for poultry.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2009

1. Objectives: According to Sasang Constitutional Medicine, human beings are classified into four constitutions. Furthermore, medication and food should be taken differently based on the constitution because Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a field where all living things are perceived from a relative viewpoint instead of a standardized one. If so, what about the animals and its meat? This paper aims to identify the characteristics of the mics consumed, sonsially targeting pork and chicken as they are some of the most frequently enjoyed ones with the perception of the animals by the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods: We examine the differences between pigs and chickens through the behavior and nature of them such as morphology, sound, body temperature, taste etc and support the observed differences with medical application. 3. Results: From the Sasang Constitutional Medicine's perceptive, pig is considered as Soeumche while chicken is belongs to Soyangche. Thus, pork is recommended for the SY type while chicken is preferable for the SE type. 4. Conclusions: In this paper, we are trying to suggest several categories for the evaluation of the constitution in animal, especially for pig and chicken. We hope that this is one of the framework for the understanding the animal with Sasang Constitutional Medicine's viewpoint. And also, it may useful to apply the basis what we have outlined in this paper for improving the method of raising livestock as well as the research of laboratory animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to explore the efficacy of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and serum biochemical values in commercial broilers. Eight hundred and forty Hubbard broiler chicks (1d old) were randomly distributed and allotted to four dietary treatments for five weeks. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 42 birds each. The dietary treatments were (1) control (2) 1% lacquer, (3) 2% lacquer and 4) 4% lacquer supplied as meal in the diet. Supplementation with lacquer improved weight gain (p = 0.0960) showing a linear trend during the starter phase (0-3 wk), but weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio remained unaffected at the finisher phase (4-5 wk) and overall (0-5 wk). The nutrient digestibility studies conducted after 18 and 35 days of experimental feeding showed a linear (p<0.05) increase in digestibility of CP and ether extract at both measurement timess. The carcass studies were conducted on two birds per replicate (10 per treatment) at the end of both 3 and 5 wk. The dressing percentage, liver weight, heart weight, abdominal fat and the breast meat expressed as a percentage of live weight, did not differ significantly due to treatments at both phases. The serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed a linear decrease (p = 0.0683 and p = 0.0322, respectively) as the level of supplementation increased at 3 wk; at 5 wk serum cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels decreased significantly showing a positive linear effect of lacquer on fat metabolism. The meat color values such as lightness, redness and yellowness did not reveal any significant trend. Overall, it could be concluded that lacquer supplementation at higher levels did not affect growth performance, but had a positive impact on fat metabolism by influencing fat digestibility and reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride.