• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate feeding effects of the high pressure boiled extract(HPBE) of the Ogol chicken on weight gain and serum lipid composition of rat. Rats(S.D,♂) were fed with normal feed(T$_1$), normal feed ＋ herb HPBE(T$_2$), normal feed ＋ Ogol chicken HPBE(T$_3$), normal feed ＋ mixture of cross­bred Ogol chicken HPBE hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme 0.1% for 35 days. During experimental period, the effects of the treatments on growth performance, plasma triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol were determined. The effects of feeding HPBE on growth performance and serum triglyceride levels in rat. After a 6 day treatment, body weights were 39.96g, 44.56g, 43.34g, and 45.99g for T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$ groups respectively. The growth rates of T$_2$ and T$_4$ groups were significantly(P<0.05) higher than T$_1$ group, but the differences were not observed after 18 days of feeding period. Triglyceride contents were 62.89${\pm}$6.24mg/dl, 55.70${\pm}$6.76mg/dl, 43.60${\pm}$4.68mg/dl and 45.00${\pm}$3.75mg/dl for T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$ and T$_4$ groups respectively, where T$_1$ group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than T$_3$ and T$_4$ groups. In serum total cholesterol contents, there was no significant difference among the groups. GOT(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) also showed similar levels among the treatments.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of garlic by-products on performance, proximate composition, carcass characteristic, cholesterol, and blood composition of chickens. Broiler chicks were fed diets for 5 weeks with a diet 1% garlic by-product (T1), 2% garlic by-product (T2), and 5% garlic by-product (T3). There were no difference among diet in performance. In proximate composition, crude fat of chicken meat was decreased in diets by addition of garlic by-product than control, but moisture and crude ash were no significant difference. Liver weight was significantly increased (P<0.05) by the dietary supplementation with garlic by-products compared to the control diet. The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of treatment groups was lower than control, and the HDL-cholesterol of treatment groups was higher than control (P<0.05). Especially, T3 was significantly (P<0.05) more effective in improving cholesterol compared to other treatment groups. In blood composition, GOT of broiler was decreased in diet by garlic by-products than control group, but GPT, triglyceride, and glucose were no significantly different. In conclusion, these data indicate that supplementation of garlic by-products (T3) were most effective in decreasing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and GOT and increasing HDL-cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

The present study investigated effect of supplementation of agricultural byproduct on growth performance and blood parameters of broiler chicken using meta-analysis. Total 11 studies (32 experiments) where broiler feeding trials with agricultural byproducts were included were employed in analysis. All studies were conducted at commercial farm placed in South Korea and under commercial feeding programs. Growth phases were divided into two groups based on slaughter day. For growth performance, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate (feed/gain) were investigated. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, liver and spleen weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, HDL (High density lipoprotein) and LDL (Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol contents in blood were investigated. Body weight of broiler of treatment was significantly increased than the control (P<0.05), regardless of growth phase. However, body weight gain during late growth phase did not show significant difference between control and treatment. Effect evaluated by random effect model on feed intake was not significant. Effect on feed conversion rate during early growth phase was significantly negative (P<0.05). Effects on carcass weight, dressing percentage, liver and spleen weight were not significant in random effect model. Effect on abdominal fat was significantly negative (P<0.05). In blood parameters, significant effects were found at total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol (P<0.05). Effect on HDL cholesterol only was positive effect, and others were negative.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2013

This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Yacon by-products and pine needle powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, pH, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), WHC (water holding capacity), shear force, and meat color of chicken thigh meat. Broiler chicks were fed diets for five weeks containing 0% Yacon by-products and pine needle powder (Control), 0.5% Yacon by-products powder (T1), 1.0% Yacon by-products powder (T2), 0.5% pine needle powder (T3), and 1.0% pine needle powder (T4). There was no significant difference in growth performance among treatments, but mortality was decreased in diets by the supplementation of Yacon by-products and pine needle powder than that of control. The chicken fed control diet had higher cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol. triglyceride compared to those chicken fed Yacon by-products and pine needle powder regardless of concentrations, and HDL-cholesterol of control was lower than treatment. The pH and TBARS were significantly decreased by the supplementation of Yacon by-products and pine needle powder compared to the control (P<0.05), especially, pine needle powder group was significantly more effective in improving freshness compared to other test groups (P<0.05). The WHC and shear force were not significantly different. CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ value of test groups showed significantly higher value compare to the control, however, no difference in the CIE $b^*$ values was observed among test groups. In conclusion, a supplementation of Yacon by-products and pine needle powder were effective in decreasing pH, TBARS, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol concentration. Pine needle powder supplementation was most effective (T3 and T4).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2016

A total of 720 slow-growing Korean meat-type (Hanhyop 3) chicken were used to evaluate the effect of stocking densities and dietary protein levels on growth performance, meat quality, bone mineral composition, and serum corticosterone. Three (6.3, 9.5, and $12.6birds/m^2$) stocking densities and two dietary protein levels (19% and 18%) were factorially ($3{\times}2$) arranged for six treatments. Overall body weight gain (BWG) was highest (p<0.001) at the lowest stocking density ($6.3birds/m^2$). The feed intake (FI) of birds at the highest density ($12.6birds/m^2$) was lower than that of birds at the other densities, but resulted in better feed/gain (F/G). Among 18% protein groups, the overall FI of birds at $9.5birds/m^2$ was higher than that at the lowest density; therefore, birds at $9.5birds/m^2$ had poorer F/G than birds at the lowest density during days 61~75. Difference in F/G among densities was only significant (p<0.05) during days 61~75 but not significant (p>0.05) during days 41~60. Although there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in BWG and F/G between 19% and 18% dietary protein levels, FI of the 18% protein diet was less (p<0.05) than that of the 19% diet. Although there was no difference (p>0.05) in meat TBARS values, meat color differed (p<0.05) with stocking density and dietary protein levels. There was no effect (p>0.05) of stocking density and dietary protein levels on bone mineral composition. Serum corticosterone concentration increased (p<0.05) with increasing stock density but was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary protein levels. This study indicated that a density of $12.6birds/m^2$ is not recommended for slow-growing chickens. Between 19% and 18% dietary protein levels, 18% would be recommended for the Korean Hanhyop 3 chicken in the finishing stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2015

It is well known that dietary protein affects the growth performance and carcass composition of poultry. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate to optimize the level of dietary protein since the protein is an important and expensive constituent in poultry feed. It is generally accepted that dietary protein should represent a balance of amino acids supporting the requirements for growth and maintenance of birds. A protein with balanced essential amino acids that matches a bird's requirement and sufficient non-essential amino acid nitrogen to enable the synthesis of all of the non-essential amino acids, is referred to as an 'ideal protein'. Feeding of excess protein or amino acids may result in an amount of nitrogen emission. Most common method to reduce nitrogen emission is using diet formulation which has lower dietary crude protein level and higher concentration of amino acid supplements. However, there are conflicting reports whether low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids can obtain the growth performance equal to high protein diets. Excessive nitrogen excretion caused by amino acid imbalance also may influence the environment of poultry house due to ammonia production from uric acid. These environmental conditions may increase the incidence of skin problem or respiratory diseases of chickens. Various strategies based on comprehensive understanding should be tested to optimize nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen emission while maintaining the performance in poultry production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of early feed restriction on the performance and abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The treatments consisted of providing feed ad libitum (Full-fed) and three feed restriction treatments of restricting feeding between 8-21 days of age (DOA) either for a duration of 7 days or 14 days. The three feed restriction treatments were Restrict 8-14 DOA, Restrict 8-21 DOA and Restrict 15-21 DOA. Live weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples of both male and female broilers were taken at 43 DOA to determine the weight of abdominal fat, liver and gizzards. Feed efficiency was generally improved by feed restriction, but a compensatory gain was not observed in the restricted groups. Broilers on restricted feeding also had lower mortality as compared to the full-fed broilers. There is no effect of early feed restriction on the weight of the abdominal fat and the dressing percentages but the weights of the liver and gizzard were affected by restriction. Also there was an effect of sex on the weights of the abdominal fat, the liver and gizzard of the males and females.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.374-385
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the street-food needs of culinary major and non-major university students. University students in Daejeon were assessed by surveys conducted between November 20, 2007 and November 25, 2007. The results of the surveys were as follows; 1. The reason for street-food usage: mainly snacks(37.4%). 2. Primary factor considered when choosing street-food: taste of the food(48.52%). 3. The frequency of street-food purchase: 2 times/month(52.4%) 4. The mean cost for the one-time purchase of street-food: $1,000{\sim}2,000$ won(62.4%). The Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) used for obtaining information from the culinary major and non-major university students suggested that the attributes of street-food with fair to poor performance but high importance were as follows: sanitary quality in chicken skewers, soondae, ddeokbokki and fried foods and price and nutrition for hamburgers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Nitroxoline is an antibiotic agent. It is used for the treatment of the second bacterial infection by the colibacillosis, salmonellosis and viral disease of the poultry. When the nitroxoline is indiscreetly used, the problem about the abuse of the antibiotics can occur. Therefore, this study presented the residue analytical method of nitroxoline in food for the safety management of animal farming products. METHODS AND RESULTS: A simple, sensitive and specific method for nitroxoline in chicken muscle by high performance liquid chromatograph with PDA was developed. Sample extraction with acetonitrile, purification with SPE cartridge (MCX) were applied, then quantitation by HPLC with C18 column under the gradient condition with 0.1 % tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-phosphoric acid and methanol was performed. Standard calibration curve presented linearity with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) > 0.999, analysed from 0.02 to 0.5 mg/L concentration. Limit of quantitation in chicken muscle showed 0.02 mg/kg, and average recoveries ranged from 72.9 to 88.1 % in chicken muscle. The repeatability of measurements expressed as coefficient of variation (CV %) was less than 12 % in 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSION(S): Newly developed method for nitroxoline in chicken muscle was applicable to food inspection with the acceptable level of sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility.