• 제목/요약/키워드: chicken muscle

검색결과 213건 처리시간 0.032초

Polymorphisms in the Perilipin Gene May Affect Carcass Traits of Chinese Meat-type Chickens

  • Zhang, Lu;Zhu, Qing;Liu, Yiping;Gilbert, Elizabeth R.;Li, Diyan;Yin, Huadong;Wang, Yan;Yang, Zhiqin;Wang, Zhen;Yuan, Yuncong;Zhao, Xiaoling
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.763-770
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    • 2015
  • Improved meat quality and greater muscle yield are highly sought after in high-quality chicken breeding programs. Past studies indicated that polymorphisms of the Perilipin gene (PLIN1) are highly associated with adiposity in mammals and are potential molecular markers for improving meat quality and carcass traits in chickens. In the present study, we screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all exons of the PLIN1 gene with a direct sequencing method in six populations with different genetic backgrounds (total 240 individuals). We evaluated the association between the polymorphisms and carcass and meat quality traits. We identified three SNPs, located on the 5' flanking region and exon 1 of PLIN1 on chromosome 10 (rs315831750, rs313726543, and rs80724063, respectively). Eight main haplotypes were constructed based on these SNPs. We calculated the allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic diversity parameters of the three SNPs. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2768 to 0.3750, which reflected an intermediate genetic diversity for all chickens. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes influenced the percentage of breast muscle (PBM), percentage of leg muscle (PLM) and percentage of abdominal fat at rs315831750 (p<0.05). Diplotypes (haplotype pairs) affected the percentage of eviscerated weight (PEW) and PBM (p<0.05). Compared with chickens carrying other diplotypes, H3H7 had the greatest PEW and H2H2 had the greatest PBM, and those with diplotype H7H7 had the smallest PEW and PBM. We conclude that PLIN1 gene polymorphisms may affect broiler carcass and breast muscle yields, and diplotypes H3H7 and H2H2 could be positive molecular markers to enhance PEW and PBM in chickens.

메추리 Chibby Family Member 2 (CBY2) 유전자의 클로닝과 메추리 근육세포에서의 특성 분석 (Cloning and Characterizing of the Quail Chibby Family Member 2 (CBY2) Gene in Quail Muscle Cells)

  • 이인표;신상수
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2020
  • Chibby family member 2(CBY2)은 Chibby-like super family domain을 가지고 있으며, SPERT 또는 NURIT 등으로도 알려져 있지만, 그 기능이 많이 알려져 있지는 않다. 본 연구에서는 메추리 CBY2 유전자를 클로닝하여 그 서열을 분석하고, QM7 메추리 근육 세포의 근육발생에서의 역할을 분석하였다. 메추리 CBY2의 코딩 서열은 978개의 염기로 이루어져 있으며, 이는 325개의 아미노산으로 번역되어진다. 메추리 CBY2는 닭의 CBY2와 가장 유사했으며, 이들 조류의 CBY2는 진화 역사상 일찍이 포유류의 CBY2와 나뉘어진 것으로 분석되었다. 단백질 도메인 예측 분석 결과, 메추리 CBY2는 N-말단 쪽에, 포유류와 비교 시 상이한 아미노산을 많이 갖고는 있지만, 83개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 Chibby-like superfamily domain을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 메추리의 다양한 조직 중 CBY2는 지방조직에서 가장 많이 발현했으며, 간, 심장, 신장에서는 중간 또는 낮은 정도로 발현했고, 대흉근에서는 극히 낮은 발현을 보였다. CBY2의 근육발생에서의 역할을 분석하기 위해 CBY2를 QM7 세포에 과발현시킨 결과, CBY2가 근육발생을 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 근관의 넓이를 수치화해 비교해본 결과, 그 면적이 대조구의 약 25%밖에 되지 않았다. 결론적으로 메추리 CBY2는 Chibby-like superfamily domain을 가지고 있으며, 근육발생을 억제하는 특성이 있다. 추후 연구는 CBY2가 근육발생을 억제하는 기작을 밝혀내는데 중점을 두어야 할 것이다.

가금 근육세포에서 유전자 발현을 유도하는 프로모터 개발 (Development of Promoters Inducing Gene Expression in Poultry Muscle Cells)

  • 강효서;남태희;이우주;이준상;신상수
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2023
  • 가축의 골격근은 동물성 단백질 식품으로서 중요한 역할을 하며, 가금육의 소비는 전세계적으로 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 근육의 형성과 발달에는 근형성조절인자를 포함한 많은 유전자들이 관여하며, 발달 단계에 따라 유전자 발현의 정확한 조절이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 근육에서 특이적으로 발현하는 유전자를 선발하고, 해당 유전자의 프로모터를 클로닝하고 기능을 분석하였다. 동물의 조직별 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과, 다수의 유전자들이 골격근 특이적인 발현양상을 보였는데, 특히 TNNT3와 TNNC2, MYF6 유전자들은 가금에서도 유사한 양상을 나타냈다. TNNT3, TNNC2, MYF6 유전자의 프로모터 부위를 중합효소연쇄반응을 통해 각각 1.2 kb, 1.03 kb, 1.43 kb씩 증폭하여, 녹색형광단백질 유전자를 포함한 벡터의 앞부분에 삽입하였다. 염기서열 분석 결과, 세 프로모터는 기존에 밝혀진 유전체 서열과 거의 일치함을 확인하였다. QM7 메추리 근육세포주에서 각각의 프로모터를 포함한 벡터를 도입한 결과, 세 프로모터 모두녹색형광단백질을 성공적으로 발현시켰다. 녹색 형광의 밝기는 대조군으로 사용한 CMV-IE 프로모터와 비교 시, 약 7배 정도 어두웠다. 클로닝한 프로모터들에는 230개 이상의 전사인자들이 결합할 수 있을 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 MYF5나 MYOD, MYOG와 같은 근형성조절인자를 포함한 근육에서 발현하는 다양한 전사인자들이 결합할 수 있을 것으로 예측되었다. 이 프로모터들은 가금의 근육세포에서 유전자 발현을 유도하는 연구에 활용이 가능할 것이며, 추후연구를 통해 프로모터 부위별 발현 조절 기능 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

  • Nakajima, Isao;Tanaka, Sachie;Mitsuhashi, Kokuryo;Hata, Jun-ichi;Nakajima, Tomo
    • Journal of Multimedia Information System
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.293-302
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    • 2019
  • In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

꽃게 통발용 미끼 및 미끼통의 형광 특성 (Fluorescent characteristics of baits and bait cages for swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus pots)

  • 장호영;구재근;이근우;조봉곤;정병곤
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2008
  • In order to develop the substitutive materials for natural baits of swimming crab pots, the fluorescent characteristics of the baits were analyzed, and the preference of fluorescent dyes were investigated by the mean entrapped catch number to the pots through the water tank experiments and fishing experiments. On the investigation of fluorescent characteristics by the 5 kinds of baits, mackerel, krill, manila clam, pig's fat and chicken's head which were used in substitutive baits for test in the UV long wave(365nm) area, it showed clear blue fluorescence in the skin of mackerel, shell of krill, manila clam and bill of chicken's head, and green fluorescence in the mackerel s muscle and internals, and yellow fluorescence in the pig's fat and chicken's head. On the investigation of fluorescent characteristics by the bait cages in the UV short wave(254nm) and long wave(365nm) area, it showed each green, red and blue fluorescence in the cylinderical or hexahedral red plastic bait cages which were painted each green, red and blue fluorescence dyes, but it showed yellowish green flourescence in the cylinderical or hexahedral red plastic bait cage which was painted yellow fluorescent dye. On the preference investigation of the fluorescent dyes of swimming crabs by the 5 kinds of the bait cages which were put the mackerel in the non-fluorescent red plastic cage($RF_N$), red, yellow, green and blue fluorescent plastic cages(RF, YF, GF, BF) each, nonfluorescent red plastic cage($RF_N$) was entrapped mean 2.0(6.7%), but blue fluorescent plastic cage(BF) was mean 5.0(16.7%) and it was more 2.5 times comparing to $RF_N$, and red fluorescent cage(RF) was same level and green fluorescent cage(GF) was 50% of catch number comparing to $RF_N$, and yellow fluorescent cage(YF) was entrapped nothing(F 46.324, P < 0.05). On the investigation of the entrapped catch number to the pots which were put the mackerel in the blue fluorescent hexahedral plastic cage(HP) and blue fluorescent silicon mackerel model cage(SM), HP was mean 3.4(11.3%) and it was a little more comparing to SM which was entrapped mean 3.2(10.7%)(t 0.775, P > 0.05). Fishing experiments on the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the pots which were put in the non-fluorescent red plastic cage($RF_N$) and blue fluorescent plastic cage(BF) were conducted 3 times. Mean catching number and weight of $RF_N$ were 71.7 ind.(18.3%) and 16.9kg(64.3%), and those of BF were 93.0 ind.(23.1%) and 19.8kg(64.5%), respectively.

Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks Fed Germinated and Fermented Soybeans

  • Lee, Dan-Won;Shin, Jin-Ho;Park, Jung-Min;Song, Jae-Chul;Suh, Hyung-Joo;Chang, Un-Jae;An, Byoung-Ki;Kang, Chang-Won;Kim, Jin-Man
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.938-945
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of germinated and fermented (with Monascus pupureus) soybean screenings (GFS) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler chicken. A total of 750 1-day-old Ross ${\times}$ Ross male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups (five replications with 30 birds each) and fed experimental diets for 5 wks as follows: Group 1, negative-control (antibiotics-free diet); Group 2, positive-control (negative-control with 10 ppm of Avilamycin); Group 3, negative-control with 0.3% GFS; Group 4, negative-control with 0.5% GFS; Group 5, negative-control with 1% GFS. The final body weight of each group fed a diet containing 1% GFS was significantly higher than that of the negative-control group. The feed conversion ratios of all groups fed diets containing GFS and the positivecontrol group were significantly improved compared to the negative-control group during the whole period (p<0.05). The relative weights of various organs along with the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The levels of total serum cholesterol in groups fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% GFS were more significantly lowered compared to those of the control groups without GFS (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the cecal microflora profiles among the groups. Further, the dietary treatments did not influence the physico-chemical properties of the edible meat, including the shear force, pH, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Cooking loss of breast muscle in the groups fed GFS was significantly lowered compared to that of the negative control group (p<0.05). These results indicate that dietary GFS could improve growth performance in broiler chicken and may affect meat quality in some instances.

노폐계육의 생산성 및 가공특성에 관한 연구 (Studies on Meat Productivity and Functional Properties of Spent Hens)

  • 송계원
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1985
  • 부화후 20개월된 백색케그혼종 산란노폐계 60수를 무작위로 10수씩, 6개 군으로 나누어 도계처리하고 가식계육을 얻어, 산육성과 육제품원료육으로서의 가공적성을 측정 조사한바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균 생체중은 1,576.7g이였으며, 도체중은 998.9g(63.4%), 가식내장육량은 75.3g(4.8 g)인바, 이를 합친 판매(R.T.C)형 계육량은 1,074.2g(68.2%)으로, 불가식도계 부산물량은 502.5g (31.8%) 였다. 2. 도체 (평균중량 998.9g)의 부위별분할육량은 각각 두 41.0g(4.1%), 익 135.9g(13.6%), 흉 276.7g(27.7%), 고경 323.6g(32.4%), 배 176.1g(17.6%)였으며, 분활감량은 45.6g(4.6%)였다. 3. 뇌 및 고경부터의 가식근육량은 각각 241.1g 및 274.2.g, 도합 515.4g으로 분할육량대 85.86%, 도체량대 51.6%, 생체중대 32.7%였다. 4. 가식근육량(515.4g)과 가식내장육량(75.3g) 합친 수당가식육량은 590.7g으로 생체중대 37.5%였다. 5. 뇌근의 수분, 단백질 및 지방함량은 각각 72.95%, 20.54% 및 15.9%였고, 고경근은 각 71.9%, 19.12% 및 3.96%였으며, 또 뇌근과 고경근의 수분ㆍ단백화는 각각 3.55 및 3.76이였다. 6. 뇌근과 그경근의 염예성단백질은 각각 7.97% 및 6.26%였고, 이의 전단백질에 대한 농도(%)는 각각 38.8% 및 32.4%였으며, 또 이들의 유화력(oil $m\ell$/100$m\ell$) 은 각각 4.37$m\ell$ 및 43.23$m\ell$로 단백질의 량과 질적으로 고경근보다 뇌근이 우수하였다. 7. 뇌근과 고 근의 보수력은 각각 54.23% 및 52.61%로 적시 뇌근이 높은편이었다.

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Nucleotide and Deduced Amino Acid Sequences of Rat Myosin Binding Protein H (MyBP-H)

  • Jung, Jae-Hoon;Oh, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Kyung-Lim
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.712-717
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    • 1998
  • The complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone encoding rat skeletal muscle myosin- binding protein H (MyBP-H) was determined and amino acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession number AF077338). The full-length cDNA of 1782 base pairs(bp) contains a single open reading frame of 1454 bp encoding a rat MyBP-H protein of the predicted molecular mass 52.7kDa and includes the common consensus 1CA__TG' protein binding motif. The cDNA sequence of rat MyBP-H show 92%, 84% and 41% homology with those of mouse, human and chicken, respectively. The protein contains tandem internal motifs array (-FN III-Ig C2-FN III- Ig C2-) in the C-terminal region which resembles to the immunoglobulin superfamily C2 and fibronectin type III motifs. The amino acid sequence of the C-terminal Ig C2 was highly conserved among MyBPs family and other thick filament binding proteins, suggesting that the C-terminal Ig C2 might play an important role in its function. All proteins belonging to MyBP-H member contains `RKPS` sequence which is assumed to be cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase A phosphorylation site. Computer analysis of the primary sequence of rat MyBP-H predicted 11 protein kinase C (PKC)phosphorylation site, 7 casein kinase II (CK2) phosphorylation site and 4N-myristoylation site.

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In Vitro에서 Retrovirus Vector System을 이용한 인간 성장 호르몬 유전자의 발현 (Expression of Human Growth Hormone Gene using Retrovirus Vector System In Vitro)

  • 김민기;구본철;권모선;김태완
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2011
  • Human growth hormone (hGH), one of the most important hormones in medicine, is secreted from anterior pituitary gland. Its broad physiological function includes body growth, cell regeneration, increasement of muscle volume, bone density, body fat reduction, and so on. Due to the wide range of therapeutic effects, the hGH produced from E. coli has been commercialized already. In this study, we asked whether it is possible to produce recombinant hGH efficiently from various cultured mammalia cells. To meet this purpose, we chose a retrovirus vector system for transfer and expression of the hGH gene in various mammalian cells. Analyses of RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot to determine expression of the hGH gene showed the highest production of the hGH was determined from chicken embronic fibroblast (CEF) cells with the concentration of 8.58 ${\mu}g$/ml. The biological activity of the hGH was similar to the commercially available counterpart. These results suggest that mass production of hGH is possible not only in the E. coli but also in the various mammalian cells.

A Review: Influences of Pre-slaughter Stress on Poultry Meat Quality

  • Ali, Md. Shawkat;Kang, Geun-Ho;Joo, Seon Tea
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.912-916
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    • 2008
  • Pre-slaughter conditions affect poultry meat quality. Therefore, stresses before slaughter like heat stress, struggle and shackling on the shackle line, crating and transport and feed withdrawal are very important for the poultry industry in respect of quality as well as welfare of the birds. However, exposure to heat in oxidative stress can in turn lead to cytotoxicity in meat type birds. Chickens exposed to heat stress before slaughter showed the lowest ultimate pH and birds shackled for a longer time the highest. The abdominal fat content was higher in heat stressed birds. Struggling on the shackle line hastened the initial rate of the pH drop and increased the redness of breast meat. Again, with increasing struggling activity, lactate concentration in breast muscle of chicken increased. Paler meat was found in birds that were transported for a longer time than in those after a small journey or not transported. The pre-slaughter and eviscerated weights were decreased as the length of feed withdrawal period increased.