• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2016

Highly precision body measurements represent basic data required by industry and researches who wish to utilize information about the human body. The proficiency and expertise of the measurers have a significant influence on the error and accuracy of data when various parts from multiple subjects' bodies are measured. Therefore, in order to measure accurate body measurements (when measuring bodies directly), it is necessary to conduct objective analyses on errors. This study calculated the Relative Technical Error of Measurement (%TEM) using data that measured each of 24 subjects and discussed errors and methods to reduce errors by conducting comparison analysis based on measured items and objects. The result of analysis indicated that the errors based on age and gender of the objects of measurement were minor; however, there were comparatively distinct differences in measured errors based on measured items. 'Right and left Shoulder Angle' for all measured subjects displayed the greatest errors and standard deviations. 'Height' dimension, Lateral Malleolus Height and Head Height had big errors; in addition, 'Circumference', Neck Base Circumference and Armscye Circumference also had big errors. More careful measurements of such items with big errors require additional educational plan such as a proposal for more objective and detailed measurement methods. Items with small errors but big standard deviations such as Waist Circumference, Calf Circumference, Minimum Leg Circumference, Chest Circumference, Hip Circumference and Waist Circumference confirmed that errors for them greatly decreased with repeated experiments and resultant measurers increased proficiency; consequently, repeated measuring experiments for these items greatly enhance accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1970

A survey was conducted on 2,321 Chung Rhang Middle School boys to check out their physical growth, development and the number of parasite carriers during the period from June 16. to June 23. 1970 As the results of this study, the following conclusions were revealed. A) Physical Growth and Development State. 1. Direct curve in physical growth and development was observed during the period from 13 to 16 years of age. 2. The age and quantity of maximum growth and development. Height; 13~14 years of age 6.1cm Body weight; 14~15 years of age 5.1kg Chest circumference; 13~14 years of age 9.9cm Sitting height; 14~15 years of age 3.4cm 3. Comparison with Japanese students Most Korean students are shorter than Japanese students, though the standard of height became higher than before. The standard of body weight is visibly lower than Japanese students. The standard of chest circumference of the students of age 14 is higher than counter part of Japanese students and the all boys are lower than Japanese students except at the age of 14. The standard of the sitting heights of the Korean students are growing steadily, but every students are shorter than Japanese students. 4. The greatest differences in physical growth and development were shown in 13~14 years of age. 5. The students of 13~15 years of age developed their bodies most highly according to index of Rohrer. 6. Body weight and chest circumference have not grown enough compared with height. The development of sitting height was made highly and the development is steadily growing as they grow old. B. The Number of Parasite Carriers The number of parasite carriers was shown 79.4 per cent among all the student checked out. The number of trichuris was shown 79.7 per cent. The number of parasite carriers was shown higher per cent as the grow old.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1997

One-to three -month-old infants(n=252) were compared their growth performance(weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). The weights of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum month were 4.50$\pm$0.48kg, 5.76$\pm$0.62kg and 6.67$\pm$0.68kg, respectively. The weigh of male infants was higher than females. The length were 53.7$\pm$2.6cm, 57.4$\pm$3.3cm, 61.1$\pm$3.1cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The length of male infants was higher than females, too. Overall there were no significant differences between feeding methods in weight, length, head and chest circumferences, and monthly weight and length velocity. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in weight, monthly weight velocity and chest circumference than the breast-feds. By Korean standards, weight-for-height Z-score were distributed from 0 to ＋2. Not only was there a few malnourished infants but also overnourished were noticed, especially in formula-fed group. From this survey, long-time survey on growth and development of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper grwoth standard for infant. And it was suggested the that the careful attention of polarized nutritional problems of early infants was needed, especially in formula-fed group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(1) : 3~12, 1997)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find fitness of brassiere by means of body measuring value, its variation volume, the evaluation of perceptive image, and the evaluation of the sense of wearing. The results were as follows; 1) According to comparison for body measuring value before and after wearing brassiere, bust point (B.P.) height, lower bust height, upper chest circumference, chest circumference, and bust depth are increased, and lower chest circumference, bust point breadth, shoulder middle point - B.P., B.P. -under bust, and cup horizontal girth are decreased. 2) The difference of variation volume by material is not accepted. The part above $20\%$ at variation rate is under the region of the armpit, that is, the region connected arm from the back. 3) The subjects replied that they wore the brassiere in order to compensate the breast and needed to wear it regardless of thiness and obesity. They wore the brassiere in order to dress themselves in good shape, and felt that it put pressure upon the body, while it had nothing to do with adjusting bodily temperature and gave the sense of security. 4) The estimate of the sense of wearing by material is recognized as the difference of the attention at attentive level $1\%$. The multiple factor analysis of each item in the sense of wearing showed that the items which are explained over $90\%$ by common factors are '1. Unpreasant in touch', '2. The part of edge is haggard', '15. Not to be fit'.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to provide basic data on developing circular knit basic pattern for women in their 20's. Production conditions of circular knit product pattern making among domestic women's apparel industry was researched, and collected data on sizes and ease amounts from woven and circular knit pattern were compared and analyzed. According to the result of the survey, product measurements adjusted to the actual body size fit for the brand's image were used, and the common problem among manufacturers and consumers regarding circular knit products turned out to be change in size and form due to stretching. For the basic pattern of circular knit, stretching quality was reflected in the woven basic pattern based on plain stitch(single knit) and then dart was removed and ease amount was reduced. The result of looking into size and ease amount about woven and circular knit torso & sleeve block shows that there is a significant difference among chest circumference, hip circumference, bi-shoulder length, interscye back, interscye front, scye depth, upper arm circumference and wrist circumference, and it was clear that circumference and width on the areas around the wrist tended to fit around the body more when circular knit was used instead of woven fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.930-942
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• 1996

This study was done to provide the characteristics of body surface changes at armhole area. Experiments were carried out at upper arm and upper body inchuding 67 items, 74 segments by the stanard posture and arm movements. The subjects were 15 females of twenty aged. The major conclusions of this study are; 1. On the circumference items of upper arm, armhole circumference was decreased by all arm movement, especially high contracted on front armhole line. The most contracted segments of armhole circumference were from the shonlder point to front and back interscye breadth point. Axillary circumference was increased 5 cm to the utmost, so the function of sleeve pattern would be decided by axillary circumference. 2. The lengths of upper arm were decreased near center line, sleeve cap length was contracted 3∼4 cm. Posterior armpit point area was increased both length and breadth. According to the rates of expansion and contraction, the diagram of expansion and contraction of upper arm was suggested. 3. On upper body, back side chest breadth was increased exceedingly and shoulder length was decreased most. It was apparent that surface changes of upper body were greatly larger as far away from center front and center back line. The rates of expansion and contraction of upper body were also represented as a diagram of surface changes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.449-459
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is investigate the feature of the body shape of obese males and to propose a new apparel sizing system considering the body size of obese men through an the analysis of the body measurement of obese men in their twenties as reported in the 'Fifth Korean National Physical Standard Reports'. For this study, a new apparel sizing system for casual wear was proposed for obese men in their twenties after a body measurement of 159 obese men in their 20s with a BMI of 25 and over as reported in the 'Fifth Korean National Physical Standard Reports' conducted by SIZEKOREA. This study sought to investigate the features of obese men's bodies by comparing the body shape between obese men and ordinary men. The result of shows that width, depth and circumference items influencing the width size when producing clothes are larger in the case of an obese body shape than an ordinary body shape, and that the stature, total length, arm length and outside leg length influencing the length size are similar between an obese body shape and an ordinary body shape. Therefore, it was confirmed that an apparel sizing system specializing in clothes for obese customers is required. As a result of this study of the features of body shape, the control dimensions for such an apparel sizing system were determined to be the stature and chest circumference of upper garments and the stature and waist circumference(omphalion) for lower garments. The interval between the sizes was 5cm for the stature and was irregular for the chest and waste circumference. Consequently, 8 sizes were proposed for upper garments and 9 sizes were proposed for lower garments.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2001

We studied 100 neonates to enter a Dongguk University Oriental Hospital Postpartum Care Center, during 9 months from February 10. 2001 to November 4. 2001. The conclusion is following. 1. Newborn sex ratio was 1.70. 2. Delivery method : Normal vaginal delivery was 66 and cesarean section was 34. 3. Gestation age : Premature infants less than 37 weeks were 2 term infants from 37 to 41 weeks were 98 and post-term infants 42 or more weeks were zero. 4. Period between birth and admission : First to fifth day was 66 sixth to tenth day was 32 and eleventh or more day was 2. 5. Period of admission : 1 to 7 days were 8. 8 to 14 days were 65. 15 to 21 days were 23. and 22 to 28 days were 4. 6. Weight : Birth weight less than 2500g was 3. 2500 to 3999g was 92. and 4000g or more was 5. 7. Height : Zero week after birth the average height was 48.8cm, one week after birth was 50.0cm, two weeks after birth was 51.8cm, three weeks after birth was 53.2cm, four weeks after birth was 54.5cm. 8. Head circumference : Zero week after birth the average head circumference was 34.6cm, one week after birth was 35.3cm, two weeks after birth was 35.7cm, three weeks after birth was 36.3cm, four weeks after birth was 36.8cm. 9. Chest circumference : Zero week after birth the average chest circumference was 33.2cm, one week after birth was 33.5cm, two weeks after birth was 34.4cm, three weeks after birth was 35.1cm, four weeks after birth was 36.6cm. 10. Feeding : There was not breast feeding, artificial feeding was 8, and mixing feeding was 92. 11. Jaundice : Physiologic jaundice was 10, pathologic jaundice was 1.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.633-641
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new flight suit in bilateral ways; subjectively and objectively in the improvements of comfort and mobility. Seven healthy males at the age of twenties volunteered in this wearing test. They were over 177 cm in height and 92-95 cm in chest circumference, which satisfies the M95 Special' size described in the Korean Military Specifications and Standards. The subjective satisfaction was evaluated according to the criteria of ease of donning and doffing, fitness of wear, mobility, space between cloth and body, convenience in using restroom. Subjective satisfaction evaluation says that the best improvement of movement are neck circumference, chest breadth, armscye circumference, waist back length, crotch length, crotch height and body rise. According to the evaluation, improvements of mobility were conspicuous especially in parts of body like neck, breast, waist, back, and arms. When evaluating objective satisfaction, we measured a angle difference in a prescribed standard-grid on a photograph that picked up while the subject performed each motion in front of 10 cm-interval grid. As a result, the motion that had angle difference above 5 degrees were arm stretching and standing on single leg holding at forward or at his side. Bending necks and waist, crouching also had angle difference of over 5 degrees. The improvements are discussed from the viewpoint that the increased ease in parts of armscye circumference and crotch in new flight suit pattern.