• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1981

Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene and substituted nitrobenzenes on lead electrode was studied by galvano-static measurements and cyclic voltammetry in basic ethanol-water solvents. Nitroso compounds or hydroxylamines were detected as the main reduction product depending on the potential. Mechanisms of production and further reduction of substituted and unsubstituted nitrosobenzenes are deduced from Tafel slope, pH dependence and reaction order. The reduction of most of the substituted nitrobenzenes to corresponding nitrosobenzene derivatives seemed to follow the reaction mechanism of nitrobenzene reduction with a few exceptions. A Hammett type relationship between the magnitude of the reduction current and the kinds of substituents was found with the ${\rho}$ value of 0.54.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.754-760
• /
• 1998

It was found that the adsorption of a cobalt(III) complex with a macrocyclic ligand, C-meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (hmc), was induced on a glassy carbon electrode by heavily oxidizing the electrode surface. Adsorption properties are discussed. The glassy carbon electrode with the adsorbed complex was employed to see the catalytic activities for the electro-reduction of O2. In the presence of oxygen, reduction of (hmc)Co3+ showed two cathodic waves in cyclic voltammetry. Compared to the edge plane graphite electrode at which two cathodic waves were also observed in a previous study, catalytic reduction of O2 occurred in the potential region of the first wave while it happened in the second wave region with the other electrode. A rotating disk electrode after the same treatment was employed to study the mechanism of the O2 reduction and two-electron reduction of O2 was observed. The difference from the previous results was explained by the different reactivity of the (hmc)CoOOH2+ intermediate, which is produced after the two electron reduction of (hmc)Co3+ in the presence of O2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.201-204
• /
• 1986

Reduction of N-arylpyridinium compounds by $NaBH_4$ gave mixtures of the corresponding 1,2-dihydropyridine(major) and 1,4-dihydropyridine(minor), whereas similar reduction by $Na_2S_2O_4$ produced 1,4-dihydropyridines regioselectively. The proportion of 1,4-isomer in the product by $NaBH_4$ reduction appeared to increase with the electron-donating ability of N-aryl groups. When the N-aryl group is p-methylphenyl, p-ethylphenyl or p-methoxyphenyl, the 1,2-dihydropyridines in ethanol-water (4:1) solutions isomerized to the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines. N-(p-methylphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine and N-(p-ethylphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine in solid state also isomerized to the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines. The different behaviors of reduction among N-arylpyridiniums and isomerization of the reduction products depending on the substituent in N-aryl group were explained in terms of difference in the electronic effects of the substituents.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.440-447
• /
• 2006

Solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) membrane with electrodes embedded on both faces offer unique possibilities for the electrochemical cells like water electrolyzer with fuel cell. The Nafion 117 membrane was used as the SPE, and $Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2$ and $NaBH_4$ as the electrocatalysts and reducing agent, respectively. The 'impregnation-reduction(I-R) method' has been investigated as a tool for the preparation of electrocatalysts for water electrolyzer by varying the concentration of reducing agent and reduction time at fixed concentration of platinum salt, 5 mmol/L. Pt-SPE electrocatalysts prepared by non-equilibrium I-R method showed the lowest cell voltage of 2.17 V at reduction time, 90 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L and the cell voltage with those by equilibrium I-R method was 2.42 V at reduction time, 60 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L. The cell voltage were obtained at a current density $1\;A/cm^2$ and $80^{\circ}C$. In water electrolysis, hydrogen production efficiency by Pt-SPE electrocatalyst is 68.2% in case of non-equilibrium I-R method and 61.2% at equilibrium I-R method.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2012

We report nanostructure electrodes with $TiO_2$ as a core and carbon as a shell ($TiO_2$@C) for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution. The structure of core-shell electrodes is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction method, and X-ray photoelectron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the $TiO_2$@C electrodes are characterized using a potentiostat and compared with those of carbon supported Pt catalyst. In particular, the core-shell electrode with dominant pyridinic-N component exhibits an imporved electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2019

Sn-Cu alloy powders were prepared via a simple chemical reduction method for the negative electrode materials in lithiumion batteries. The addition of Cu can suppress the growth of Sn particles during synthetic process. Furthermore, the Cu also acts as a matrix phase against the volume change during cycling. With increasing amount of the Cu, a stable $Cu_6Sn_5$ phase formed in the Sn-Cu alloy and its cycle performance greatly enhanced depending on the Cu content. To promote the generation of the $Cu_6Sn_5$ phase, the synthesis temperature is raised to $60-100^{\circ}C$ from the ambient temperature. The Sn-Cu alloy powders prepared at elevated temperatures showed remarkable cycle performances. The Sn-Cu alloy powder obtained at $60^{\circ}C$ exhibited a significantly high volumetric capacity of over 2,000 mAh/cc at the 50th cycle.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2015

Reduced graphite oxides (rGOs) were prepared by the common graphite oxidation method and the subsequent reductions. The reduction of graphite oxides (GOs) was conducted chemically and/or thermally. To further reduce the as-prepared rGOs, GOs were treated with chemical/thermal reductions or thermal/chemical reductions, in which the reduction sequence was also considered. The structural changes of as-prepared rGOs, depending on reduction methods, were investigated by X-ray diffraction analyses, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we discuss the structural change of the rGOs and their closely related physical and electrical properties, such as thermogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, and sheet resistance.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
• /
• 제68권
• /
• pp.372-379
• /
• 2018

The improvement of $NO_x$ reduction by $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ with a hydrocarbon ($n-C_7H_6$) in the early state was investigated in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. The results revealed that the combination of plasma with the catalyst enhanced $NO_x$ reduction efficiency at low operating temperatures, depending on the temperature and specific input energy. To sum up, the poor performance of the catalytic $NO_x$ reduction at low temperatures in the early stage before reaching thermochemical steady state can be greatly compensated for by using the atmospheric-pressure plasma generated in the catalyst bed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.258-261
• /
• 1989

The electrochemical behaviors of 4-(2)-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol (TAR) in acetonitrile solution was studied by DC polarography, cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential coulometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical reduction of TAR occurs in four-one electron reduction steps in acetonitrile solution. The products of the first and the third electron transfer are speculated to be a relatively stable anion radical. The second electron transfer to the dianion is followed by a chemical reaction producing a protonated species. The product of the fourth electron transfer also produces the corresponding amine compounds with a following reaction. Also every reduction wave was diffusion controlled. The first reduction wave is considerably reversible and the other waves are less reversible.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2002

The 2.5 vol% TiNi/6061Al composites were fabricated by permanent mold casting, and its microstructures and tensile test for the cold rolled composites with maximum 50% reduction ratio were investigated. In the case of TiNi fiber with 2mm interval in preform, the interface bonding of fabricated composites were good. EPMA analysis results were found the small amount of Mg, Si segregated interface of diffusion layer. Transverse section of TiNi fiber was decreased with increasing reduction ratio and 40% reduction ratio was observed microcrack from TiNi fiber. And the tensile strength of composites at 38% reduction ratio was 194MPa. In the case of over 38% reduction ratio, the decrease of the tensile strength was due to TiNi fiber rupture by excess working. The fracture mode was appeared brittle fracture with increasing reduction ratio