• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the incidence and aspects of myocardial perfusion defects in patients who were subjected to either two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation techniques for early left-sided breast cancer. The myocardial perfusion defects were determined from using single photon emitted computerized tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion images. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Between January 2002 and August 2003, 32 patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were diagnosed as having early (AJCC stage T1-T2N0M0) left-sided breast cancer and were treated with tangential irradiation after breast-conserving surgery and systemic chemotherapy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of simulation received: two-dimensional simulation using an X-ray fluoroscope simulator or three-dimensional simulation with a CT simulator. All patients underwent technetium-99m-sestamibi gated perfusion SPECT at least 3 years after radiotherapy. The incidence and area of myocardial perfusion defects were evaluated and were compared in the two groups, and at the same time left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac wall motion were also analyzed. The cardiac volume included in the radiation fields was calculated and evaluated to check for a correlation between the amount of irradiated cardiac volume and aspects of myocardial perfusion defects. $\underline{Results}$: A myocardial perfusion defect was detected in 11 of 32 patients (34.4%). There were 7 (46.7%) perfusion defect cases in 15 patients who underwent the two-dimensional simulation technique and 4 (23.5%) patients with perfusion defects in the three-dimensional simulation group (p=0.0312). In 10 of 11 patients who had myocardial perfusion changes, the perfusion defects were observed in the cardiac apex. The left ventricular ejection fraction was within the normal range and cardiac wall motion was normal in all patients. The irradiated cardiac volume of patients in the three-dimensional simulation group was less than that of patients who received the two-dimensional simulation technique, but there was no statistical significance as compared to the incidence of perfusion defects. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiotherapy with a CT simulator (three-dimensional simulation technique) for early left-sided breast cancer may reduce the size of the irradiated cardiac volume and the incidence of myocardial perfusion defects. Further investigation and a longer follow-up duration are needed to analyze the relationship between myocardial perfusion defects and clinical ischemic heart disease.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1983

To estimate the possible amount of weed-crop competitions under the various cropping patterns of two rice cultivars of different type, comparisons between weedy check and weed-free plots in plant height, tillering number, and plant weight were investigated. Fluctuations in Importance Value, competition value, and net productivities were used to discuss the crop-weed competition, respectively. As a result, differences in dominant weed species, competitive crop variety, most effective cropping pattern, and crop yielding characteristics under the different weed competitions were investigated, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 1984

To investigate the varietal differences of weed competitive functions under the four different seeding and transplanting methods, rice cultivars, Milyang 23 and Sadominori, were used with the seven weeding methods, namely, weedy check, weed-free, once weeding at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks and two times weeding at 3 and 9 weeks after seeding/transplanting, respectively. As a result, the proper and reasonable weeding stages and times by total and respective weed group were estimated. Also the constructive characteristics for yield formations were evaluated under the different competitive conditions as affected by various cropping patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.238-244
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• 2013

Doping process using laser is an important process in fabrication of solar cell for heat treatment. However, the process of using the furnace is difficult to form a selective emitter doping region. The case of using a selective emitter laser doping is required an expensive laser equipment and induce the wafer's structure damage due to high temperature. This study, we fabricated a new costly plasma source. Through this, we research the selective emitter doping. We fabricated that the atmospheric pressure plasma jet injected Ar gas is inputted a low frequency (a few tens kHz). We used shallow doping wafers existing PSG (Phosphorus Silicate Glass) on the shallow doping CZ P-type wafer. Atmospheric plasma treatment time was 15 s and 30 s, and current for making the plasma is 40 mA and 70 mA. We investigated a doping profile by using SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and we grasp the sheet resistance of electrical character by using doping profile. As result of experiment, prolonged doping process time and highly plasma current occur a deeper doping depth, moreover improve sheet resistance. We grasped the wafer's surface damage after atmospheric pressure plasma doping by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). We check that wafer's surface is not changed after plasma doping and atmospheric pressure doping width is broaden by increase of plasma treatment time and current.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2004

Objectives: Depression is a major health concern that can be life threatening if not recognized and treated early. However, there is few report on the depressive disorder of Hansen disease patients in Korea. Therefore, the authors executed this study in order to check factors related to a depressive disorder of a Hansen disease patients and compare with factors to reach to a depressive symptoms of ordinary people with studying their life state and the trouble that Hansen disease patients were currently experiencing Method: The authors surveyed depressive symptoms using self-reported questionnaires in 74 Hansen disease patients and 84 controls. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) score. Result: Positive rate of depressive disorders among Hansen disease patients was 70.3% and that the referents was 31.0%. There is significant difference positive rate of depressive disorders between Hansen disease group and the referents in the factors such as gender, age, frequency of going out, familial type, and familial income. Depressive disorder of Hansen disease group was associated with sex, familial income. According to the multiple logistic regression, the odds ratios of the Hansen disease group versus referents, gender, familial income, frequency of going out were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hansen disease patients had statistically significant higher depressive symptom score than the referents. Also, Hansen disease patients who have lower familial income were more likely to have depressive disorders. Therefore, Economical supports and policy are required for the Hansen disease patients.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-48
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• 2010

This study focused on characterizing various factors in order for learners to maintain their interests in learning and to maximize learning effects as the top priority purpose of university e-Learning, on the basis of results of conceptual studies on existing e-Learning and practical studies, and then on examining them practically. It also analyzed which factors would have greater influence on learning effects of e-Learning in general. Moreover, in comparison with existing numerous studies which examined only factor such as learning effects of e-Learning, it analyzed such things in detail according to division into three items such as learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation. To achieve such purposes of the study, it characterized and set 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience on the assumption that such factors have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning. Moreover, the factor of learning contents includes 3 detailed elements, i.e., learning issue and objective, knowledge information, and consistency and propriety, and the factor of instructional design includes 4 detailed elements, i.e., interest and sympathy, interaction, contents presentation and explanatory strategy. Lastly, the factor of user convenience includes 2 detailed elements such as screen configuration, and check-up of contents and teaching schedule. According to analytical results, it showed all 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning(i.e., learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation). In more detail, it showed the learning issue and objective from the factor of learning contents have the greatest influence on learning satisfaction of e-Learning. Then, it is the most important to set the learning issue and objective with given priority to learners and set the learning objective estimable, in order to raise the learning satisfaction. It showed the contents presentation from the factor of instructional design on the learning transfer. Therefore, it is the most important to structuralize mutual relation and presentation orders to promote learning systematically and to let learners access to such things, for the purpose of raising the learning transfer. Moreover, it showed the interest and sympathy from the factor of instructional design has the greatest influence on the learning recommendation. Thus, it is the most important to promote learners' interests to the maximum using well-timed media, and to give a lecture enough to arouse learners' sympathy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out risk factors related to uterine leiomyoma in Korean women and to compare with the results of previous western studies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out. All the cases of uterine leiomyoma (n=244) were diagnosed surgically or sonographically between Jannuary 1998 and December 2004. Total of 269 controls not having uterine leiomyoma were collected from patients who visited Kyungpook national university hospital for routine gynecologic check-up or treatment of their gynecologic or obstetric diseases other than uterine leiomyoma. Data were collected through review of medical records and interviews and analyzed with $x^2$ and logistic regression model. Results: In multivariate analysis, patient's age (OR 1.070; 95% CI 1.041~1.099), number of artificial abortion (OR 1.182; 95% CI 1.018~1.374) and alcohol drinking (OR 1.865; 95% CI 1.231~2.824) had significantly positive correlation with uterine leiomyoma. The duration of lactation was the only factor which had negative correlation (OR 0.985; 95% CI 0.972~0.998). BMI, parity, age at menarche, the duration and interval of menstruation, caffeine consumption and marital status did not show any correlations. Conclusion: In this study, patient's age, number of artificial abortion, and alcohol drinking were the risk factors of uterine leiomyoma in Korean women and the result was similar to that of western studies. Though we couldn't find out the specific risk factors related to the development of uterine leiomyoma in this study, but it has a great meaning to be the first trial in Korean women. The role of information bias should be carefully evaluated and further multicentered, randomized, controlled prospective studies will be needed to know the possible risk factors among Korean women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2001

Listeria spp. from sea water, fishes and shellfishes have been troubled in many countries. So we exam ined its distribution rates, biochemical characteristics of a separated strain, growth curve of pH at set times to 4 species of standard strain, and yes or no of growth inhibition for precautionary measure of food poisoning by L. monocytogenes, garlic, mustard, wasabi, and green tea extracts including sensitivity of antibiotics 10 species. As its results, check numbers of its positivity to Listeria spp. were 32 species in total examination body 200 species, and its isolation rates were 16%, L. innocua was 14.0%, L. monocytogenes 1.0%, and L. seeligeri 1.0% by the strain species. All the standard strain of 4 species showed growth inhibition bellow pH 3.0, its pH conditions of the optimum growth at 7.0∼8.0, and its growth was more active in alkali co]tuition than in acid condition. Its growth inhibition examination by garlic extracts had an the worst effects with O.D values of 0.078∼0.210. But the case of mustard and wasabi had weakened effect, and the case of green tea had some effect as the time went by. The results of sensitivity examination of antibiotics 10 species were as fellows. L. innocua of the 16 cases showed sensitivity of 100% in all 5 species, Ampicillin, etc, and Ciprofloxacin showed sensitivity of 43.7% and gentamicin, 93.7%. But tetracycline showed tolerance of 31.3% , cefotaxine. 75%, nalidixic acid, 100%. L. monocytogenes of the 6 cases showed sensitivity of 100% in all 6 species, ciprofloxacin, etc.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.182-196
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic resources for developing a parish nursing program. We did this by investigating what demands were made on the parish nursing service by the parishes or churches under review. The subjects of this study were 96 pastors located throughout the City of Busan. NP (New paragraph) $\gg$ We conducted our research by utilizing a modified version of the study created by Hwang (2000) and by using the help of prior research and professionals gathered from the parish nurse questionnaire by Djupe (1990). The data in this study were collected from July 1 to Oct. 31, 2001, using the questionnaire method. The Data were analyzed by: (a) frequency: (b) percentage: (c) mean: (d) standard deviation, and x^2-test$ with SPSS/PC program. The study has found the follows: 1. For subjects making demands on the parish nursing service, 95.8% were in need of using the services of parish nurses. On the demands of parish nursing service for the subjects, 95.8% the necessity of parish nursing services. And they answered by their intention of asking for parish nursing service practice. 2. Of the subjects under review, 71.9% were part-time workers and 28.1% were full-time employees 71.9% of part time and 28.1% of full times duty. In terms of the method of pay for work, 41.8% were pay free or freelance while 51.2% were on salary. And engagement intention of parish nurse as preacher was 88.5%. 3. The demand for nursing services in various categories were as follows. (a) hospice care: (4.02 1.11), (b) health screening: (3.98 1.09), (c) home visiting: (3.97 1.16), (d) group health education: (3.81 1.12), (e) organization of volunteer groups: (3.75 1.12), (f) individual health education: (3.75 1.14), (g) advice on choosing hospital or hospital consultation: (3.69 1.21) and (h) individual counseling: (3.51 1.31). 4. In terms of the specific services rendered by parish nurses. our study found that services were needed for the following: physical symptom management; preparation before death in spiritual preparation for death, blood pressure check in health examination, home visiting where the patient makes phone call, management of chronic disease in group health education, disease management in individual health education, advice on choosing hospital, or hospital consultation: and physical problems in individual counseling. 5. With respect to whether there was a correlation between what church a pastor came from and the types of demands made, there was NO significant difference found. 6. In relation to the characteristics of the subjects and their church and the hope demands (duty pattern and method of payment and engagement intention of parish nurse as preacher) for parish nurses, these had non significant differences. In conclusion, the perception of parish nursing service is very high. Moreover, we found that there is a great demand for well ordered parish nursing services to promote the health of each congregation. Before doing so, it would be better to make things known and to consider the relevant characteristics shown in the researched results.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

This study discusses the applicability of environmental friendly EVA based butyl rubber self-adhesive waterproof sheet designed to prevent corrosion of large scale pipes used in the water treatment facilities during th water treatment process. The experiments conducted tested the waterproofing sheet's adhesion strength on the steel surface of the pipes and checked for whether the material has the proper response properties against the various environmental conditions. In addition, it the sheet adhered to the steel pipe was to see if the adhesion hold against the water pressure due to the ingress of inflow water. Finally, the waterproofing sheet's adhesion strength was tested on a rusted steel surface to confirm whether the material has the necessary properties to secure stable adhesion strength and prevent corrosion of steel pipes at the same time during the process of installation or maintenance. As a result, the self-adhesive waterproof sheets showed that all attachments in the untreated, long term pressuring, immersion in chemical substance (hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, sodium hydroxide), low temperature ($-20^{\circ}C$) conditions showed a adhesion performance of higher than 1.5N/mm, which is the performance standard of KS F 4934. Also, in the testing to check for the adhesion property against inverse water pressure, it was observed that the adhesion failure did not occur even up to $3.0N/mm^2$ pressure. Also, in the process of assessing the adhesion performance on rusted steel surface, specimens after 12 hours of corrosion treatment was shown to have 2.1N/mm, and specimens after 168 hours of corrosion treatment was shown to have 2.0N/mm adhesion strength performance.