• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of complex hot water extracts of Cirsium jaonicum, Artemisia annua and Curcuma longa (CAC) on the improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. CAC inhibited fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells cultured with free fatty acid (FFA). In the NAFLD animal model, CAC extract suppressed the increase in body weight, liver, and epididymis fat weight, and suppressed the increase in hepatocyte fat and blood triglyceride. In addition, by blocking the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, cells were protected from oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Moreover, CAC inhibited the expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-17 in hepatocytes. These results suggest the possibility that CAC extract can be applied in the field of health functional foods and pharmaceuticals for improvement and prevention of NAFLD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2011

Plasmas in saline solutions receive considerable attention in recent years. How the operating parameters influence the plasma characteristics and how the electrode erosion occurs have been topics that require further study. In the first part of this talk, the effect of the frequency on the plasmas characteristics in saline solution driven by 50~1000 Hz AC power will be presented. Two distinct modes, namely bubble and jetting modes, are identified. The bubble mode occurs under low frequencies. In this mode, one mm-sized bubble is tightly attached to the electrode tip and oscillates with the applied voltage. With an increase in the frequency, it shows the jetting mode, in which many smaller bubbles are continuous formed and jetted away from the electrode surface. Multiple mechanisms that are potentially responsible to such a change in bubble dynamics have been proposed and the dominant mechanism is identified. From the Stark broadening of the hydrogen optical emission line, electron densities in both modes are estimated. It shows clearly that the driving frequency greatly influences the bubble dynamics, which in turn alters the plasma behavior. In the second part, the study of the erosion of a tungsten electrode immersed in saline solution under conditions suitable for bio-medical applications is presented. The electrode is immersed in 0.1 M saline solution and is positively or negatively biased using a DC power source up to 600 V. It is identified that when the electrode is positively biased, erosion by the surface electrolytic oxidation is the dominant mechanism with an applied voltage below 150 V. An increase in the applied voltage leads to the formation of the plasma and the damage by the plasma and the thermal effect becomes more prominent. The formation of the gas film at the electrode surface leads to the formation of the plasma and hinders the electrolytic erosion. In the negatively-biased electrode, no electrolytic oxidation is seen and the damage is mostly likely due to the plasma erosion and the thermal effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.6 s.105
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• pp.72-86
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• 2006

The study aimed to materialize the meaning of the names through analyzing names that have synonyms and ambiguous words. The subjects of the study are seven foreign language study books such as $\ll$譯語類解 Yeokeoyuhae $\gg$ $\ll$譯語類解補編 Yeokeoyuhae - supplementary book$\gg$, $\ll$同文類解 Dongmunyuhae$\ggl$, $\ll$象語類解 Mongeoyuhae$\gg$, $\ll$象語類解補編 Mongeoyuhae- supplementary book$\gg$, $\ll$俊語類解 Oaeeoyuhae$\gg$ and $\ll$方름類釋 Bangeonyuseok$\gg$. The study selected vocabularies related with headgear, socks, clothing from those vocabulary books. The results are as follows: 1. The result focusing on the same Chinese terms in multiple forms has shown that '帽子(Moja), 斗逢(Dubong), 頭面(Dumyen), 襪(Mal), 木?(Mokgeuk), 　據子(Nanmalja), 樓子(Oja), 小樓子(Sooja), 養衣(Saui), 團領(Danlyeng), 掛子(Goija), 齊肩掛(Jegyengae), 彩兒(Sama), 單補(Dango)' have differences in Korean annotations, and it has been found that these differences are spelt as synonyms in general. 2. The result focusing on the same Korean terms in multiple forms has shown that Gamto, Gat, Satgat, Bolkki, Gatmo, Neoneol, Gatdongot, Ddambatgijeoksam, Nuyeok, Tyeollik, Goui, Baji, Gatdongot, Hatot, Dongdoljji, Yusam, Chima and ete. have 2 or more Chinese spellings. Among these, Neoneol, Ddambatgijeoksam, Nuyeok, Tyeollik, and etc. seem to have used similar Chinese spellings, and Gat, Dongdoljji, and etc. seem to have used Chinese spellings according to the multiple forms in each country. 3. There have also been records of terms seldom used at present such as Dalogi, Neoneol, and etc., and it has been found that Mahulae, Doljji, Dunja, and etc. are the terms have been geographically influenced by the northern race as they have been left as a dialect in North Korea currently. 4. Mahulae, Kulimae, Neolku, and etc. may be inferred as they have originated from Manchu language through pronunciation of each country spelt in translated books.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

As a subset work for the collection of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, 38 actinobacterial strains were isolated from various environmental samples obtained from plant root, ginseng cultivating soil, mud flat, freshwater and seawater. Each strain showed higher 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.1%) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with closest actinobacterial species which were defined and validated with nomenclature, already. There is no official description on these 38 actinobacterial species in Korea. Consequently, unrecorded 37 species of 24 genera in the 12 families belonging to the order Actinomycetales of the phylum Actinobacteria were found in Korea. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1697-1705
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• 2020

Meju, a type of fermented soybean paste, is used as a starter in the preparation of various Korean traditional soybean-based foods. In this study, we performed Illumina-MiSeq paired-end sequencing for microbial communities and mass spectrometry analysis for metabolite profiling to investigate the differences between 11 traditional meju products from different regions across Korea. Even though the bacterial and fungal communities showed remarkable variety, major genera including Bacillus, Enterococcus, Variovorax, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Aspergillus were detected in every sample of meju. The metabolite profile patterns of the 11 samples were clustered into two main groups: group I (M1-5) and group II (M6-11). The metabolite analysis indicated a relatively higher amino acid content in group I, while group II exhibited higher isoflavone, soyasaponin, and lysophospholipid contents. The bioactivity analysis proved that the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity was higher in group II and the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity was higher in group I. The correlation analysis revealed that the ABTS activity was isoflavonoid, lipid, and soyasaponin related, whereas the FRAP activity was amino acid and flavonoid related. These results suggest that the antioxidant activities of meju are critically influenced by the microbiome and metabolite dynamics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2011

In order to make high-purity ferro-manganese from $Mn_3O_4$ waste dust, the application of aluminothermite process to the reduction of the waste dust was investigated. The mixture from $Mn_3O_4$ dust as metallic source and Al metal powder as the reductant ignited, and reduced with an extremely intense exothermic reaction. The rapid propagation of the aluminothermite reaction occurred spontaneously and stably by ignition of the mixture. The Manganese having some alloy elements emerged as liquids due to the high temperatures reached up to about $2,500^{\circ}C$ and separated from the liquid by their differences of specific gravity. The result of thermite reaction showed the fact that can be obtained high purity ferro-manganese which have over about 90% of manganese content and lower impurities such as C, P, S than those of KS D3712 specification. The recovery of manganese from $Mn_3O_4$ dust was lower level of about 65% than about 75% from manganese ore by electric furnace process, that is due to spatter loss because of its extremely intense thermite reaction. But it will be improved by the process designed to provide CaO as the cooler or to use the Al metal powder having larger particle size distribution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.106-114
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• 2006

The purposes of natural science museums are to educate the general public on the principles and application of science, and help them understand various aspects of science technology. Data should be analyzed by considering these educational aspects of exhibition, and the methods of presenting exhibits should be decided. Accordingly, the composition of exhibition contents with various exhibition elements has an important role at natural science museums. The relation and structure of exhibition themes are significant factors in helping visitors understand the principles of science and a system of viewing circulation can be used as an important tool for understanding the flow of exhibition. In other words, at the planning stage for the composition of exhibition contents, the relation of exhibition themes as well as the circulation patterns of viewers can induce active viewing behaviors. Therefore, centering on the patterns of viewing circulation as well as on the connectivity of exhibition themes at natural science museums, the purposes of this research are: 1) to conceptualize the composition of exhibition contents; and 2) to find elements that can induce active viewing behaviors by analyzing visitors' viewing behaviors. This research was establishing an analytical indicator of contact for viewing behaviors observed from the composition of exhibition scenarios, the active viewing patterns of engagement, first contact, and repeated contact were analyzed. First, a composition pattern with a high participation rate, in contact with exhibits, was found to induce an overall-viewing circulation and have a big ring of the composition of exhibition themes. Second, by inducing a partial-viewing circulation pattern, a high rate of first contacts was observed from a ring pattern of theme connection. Even for the structure with theme connection with depth, a high frequency of contacts with various exhibits was found when exhibition themes have a ring pattern. Third, the repeated contacts were mostly found in the form of scenarios, which has a successive structure of ring and cross patterns.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2004

In order to investigate behavior of abnormal expansion of the iron-copper compacts, we compared the dilatometric curves of the compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder with those of compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. The dilatometric curves were obtained below the sintering conditions, which heated up to 115$0^{\circ}C$ by a heating rate of 1$0^{\circ}C$/min, held for 60min at 115$0^{\circ}C$ and cooled down at a rate of 2$0^{\circ}C$/min to room temperature. The dilatometric curves of the compacts showed the different expansion behavior at temperatures above the copper melting point in spite of same chemical composition. All of the compacts of former case showed large expansion, but all of the compacts in latter case showed large contraction. The microstructures of sintered compacts also showed the different progress in alloying of the copper into the iron powder. Namely we could observe the segregation at alloy part of copper into iron powder in case of the sintered compacts, which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder, but could not observe the segregation in compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. But the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles was occurred at both cases. Therefore, the showing of the different dimensional changes in the compacts in spite of same chemical composition is due to more the alloying of copper into iron powder than the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2011

This research had been conducted from May to October 2007, studying 110 residents of G, Y, H industrial area in Jun-nam province. It is designed to understand the difference in levels of indoor, outdoor and personal exposure to VOCs(benzene, toluene, Ethylbenzene) and a health risk assessment was conducted to see if there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic or non - carcinogenic elements from a case group and a control group in all areas as well as each different area. In the case of benzene in the air, the geometric levels for the case group are indoor, outdoor and personal exposure; a higher than for the control group. As a results of the Monte - Carlo study about benzene, it shows that the case group's carcinogenicity is higher than that of the control group and it also shows that, on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, all subjects are seen to exceed the carcinogenicity tolerance $10^{-6}$ of US EPA. In the case of toluene, ethylbenzene on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, these do not exceed the non - carcinogenic standard of 1, but toluene in RME condition for both groups' personal exposure and the indoor and personal exposure of ethylbenzene in Monte - Carlo show that these seem to exceed the standard.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.335-358
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• 2002

In der vorliegenden Arbeit ist demonstriert worden, dass mittels der geste-semiotischen Untersuchungsmethode man die nichtsprachliche $Unfl\"{a}tigkeit$ als Zeichen mit dem kommunikativen Wert betrachten kann. In dieser Arbeit wurde die nichtsprachliche $Unfl\"{a}tigkeit$ drei Ebenen dargestellt, d.h. Ausdrucks-, Bedeutungs- und Funktionsebene. Auf der Ausdrucksebene nichtsprachlicher $Unfl\"{a}tigkeiten\;k\"{o}nnen$ all jene Zeichen $m\"{o}glichst$ einer bestimmten Zeichengruppierung zugewiesen werden. Die $k\"{o}rpersprachliche$ Zeichengruppe liegt im folgenden: $K\"{o}rperabstande,\;-bedeckungen,\;-ber\"{u}hrungen$, -betrachtungen, -bewegungen, -demonstrationen, $-ger\"{a}usche,\;-ger\"{u}che$, -haltungen, -impressionen, -physiologien, -plazierung, $-schm\"{u}ckungen$ und -zeitlichkeiten. Im Paradigma der Grundbedeutung einer jeden nichtsprachlichen $Unfl\"{a}tigkeiten$ gibt es drei Typen des $Bedeutungsverst\"{a}ndnis:$ das intentions-funktionale-, das kausalattributiv­funktionale- und das referenziell-ethymologische Bedeutungs- $verst\"{a}ndnis$. Nach diesen Typen $k\"{o}nnen$ nichtsprachliche $Unfl\"{a}tigkeiten$ folgende Bedeutungen klassifiziert werden: bezugslose-, diskriminierende-, rassistische-, rebellische-, sexisitische-, $unh\"{o}fliche-, ver\"{a}chtliche-$ und weltanschauliche Bedeutung. Da eine nichtsprachliche $Unfl\"{a}tigkeit$ in vier verschiooenen Funktionsdimensionen, d.h. Expressionsfunktions-, Informationsfunktions-, Regulationsfunktions- und Maniplations­funktionsdimension, prasent ist, hat sie mindestens vier Funktionen. $F\"{u}r$ jede dieser vier Funktionen muss nun entschieden werden, welchem Funktionsverstandnistyp diese zuzuordnen ist. Wobei man auch feststellen kann, dass bestimmte Funktionen durch ihre Definition eine Zuordnung zu dem einen Funktionsverstandistyp leichter machen a1s zum anderen. Beispielsweise haben die Funktionen der Expressionsfunktionsdimension einer $gr\"{o}ssere$ Tendenz zum selbstzweckdienlichen Funktionsverstandistyp als die Funktionen der Regulationsdiemension.