• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 cm to 40.5 cm, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 mm. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 mm to 11.3 mm. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from $28^{\circ}$ to $89^{\circ}$ and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 cm to 27.3 cm. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.597-599
• /
• 1996

This paper describes the bending traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor which generates the traveling wave by combining two standing waves with phase difference time and space. In $+20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, the USM motor operation character has represented normal condition. But the other temperature, (that is say, when long time operating condition) USM operation characteristic has abnormal condition, that is driving frequency, drive current and r.p.m is down. The recent USM has controller without temperature compensation. This study aimed at fuzzy controller which must follow the frequency at operation temperature and then r.p.m and torque increase.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2007

Feature vectors of speech are generally extracted from whole frequency domain. The inherent character of a speaker is located in the low band or high band frequency. However, if the speech is corrupted by narrowband noise with concentrated energy, speaker verification performance is reduced as the individual characteristic is removed. In this paper, we propose a PCA Covariance Model based on the multiband to extract the robust feature vectors against the narrowband noise. First, we divide the overall frequency band into several subbands. Second, the correlation of feature vectors extracted independently from each subband is removed by PCA. The distance obtained from each subband has different distribution. To normalize against the different distribution, we moved the value into the normalized distribution through the mapping function. Finally, the represented value applying the weighting function is used for speaker verification. In the experiments, the proposed method shows better performance of the speaker verification and reduces the computation.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2015

스크램블링 기술을 적용한 AMI/HDB-3 방식은 장거리 데이터전송 회선부호화에 주로 사용된다. 본 논문은 정보통신용 부호 표준(KS X 1001 ; 2014 확인)에 규정되어 있는 한글낱자, 한글고어낱자용 부호집합에 대하여 데이터 링크 계층에서 HDLC Flag의 비트 또는 문자 스터핑과 물리계층의 AMI/HDB-3 스크램블링 측면에서 데이터 전송효율을 높이는 새로운 한글낱자용 부호집합 체계를 제시하였다. 기존 부호집합 체계와 비교를 위해 ($4{\times}4$) 비트 원천부호화 규칙과 한글낱자 사용빈도 통계를 적용한 결과, 약 22.01%의 데이터 처리효율이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.761-776
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 국제표준 문자부호 체계인 유니코드(Unicode) 3.0에 포함된 라틴어 문자에 관한 새로운 부호 체계를 제시하였다. 이 연구의 시작 배경은 Unicode 3.0의 라틴어 부호 체계가 데이터통신의 전송효율 측면에서 적정한가에 대한 것이었다. 데이터통신을 할 때, 4개 또는 8개 이상의 연속 "0"의 비트가 단말 정보기기로 부터 회선부호화 장치에 입력 될 수 있다. 이 경우에 그 비트열은 스크램블링 과정을 거쳐 연속 "0"이 아닌 비트열로 변경된다. 그러므로 단말 정보기기에서 처리되는 0 문자, 기호 등의 부호 체계에 따라서 데이터통신의 회선부호기 운용이 달라지게 된다. 즉, 데이터통신의 전송효율에 영향을 주게 된다. 이러한 관점에서 본 논문은 [1]에서 제시된 ($4{\times}4$)hexa 원천 부호화 규칙과 영어 문자의 사용빈도 통계를 적용하여 유니코드와 UTF-8의 라틴어 부호 체계에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제시한 개선된 유니코드와 UTF-8 라틴어 부호 체계를 적용할 경우, 회선부호기의 스크램블러 운용효율이 유니코드를 통신용으로 사용할 경우 최소 3645%에서 최대 31400%, 제시된 UTF-8 부호 체계를 적용할 경우 최소 480%에서 최대 1700%까지 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Through this study, it would be expected to compare the characteristics of medicinal and acupuncture treatment. Method: Ontology DB of traditional Korean medicine has been used comparing medicinal and acupuncture treatment. Terms of the efficacy and the method of treatment were divided to predicate and object. And two groups were compared through contrasting the frequency of occurrence of significant words. Results: Predicates utilized more in medicinal treatment are the character ryeom[斂], go[固], pa[破], nae[內], and tu [透]. Predicates utilized more in acupuncture treatment are the character so[疏], jo[調], and seo[舒]. Object utilized more in acupuncture treatment is the character gi[氣]. Object utilized more in medicinal treatment is the character jeong[精]. Conclusions: In terms about the efficacy of acupuncture, there are many expressions associated with Qi[氣]. But expressions associated with Jing[精] are rare compare to medicinal treatment. There is a difference in language that represents the efficacy between medicinal and acupuncture treatment. In addition, there are some terms about efficacy that are not shared with each other due to the differences in disease treatment and the different branches of the two theories.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1984

This study was attempted to evaluate and explain the correlation between stress and utilization of Dispensary, Frequency of absence, Frequency of accident as the health condition of bluecollared workers. The subjects for this study were 260 workers selected conveniently from 360 workers working at one chemical manufacturer located in Seoul. The dataas measure the Stress was collected through SRRS (The Social Readjustment Rating Scale) which is developed by Holmes ＆ Rahe (1976) from 27th July to 10th August, 1983. The data of Utilization of Dispensary and Frequency of Accident were brought out from the record of Dispensary during past 8 months. The Frequency of Abscence from January to August were collected through diligence and indolence cards of each department. All collected data were analysed based on the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) program. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The average of Utilization of Dispensary was 7.4, Frequency of abscence 14.6, frequency of Accident 0.4. 2. The average score of Stress was 134 (minimum : 0, maximum : 593, Standard deviation : 109. 3) It can be considered as a slight stressed group by the requlations of Holmes and Rahe. 3. According to the analysed results of correlation between Stress and the Utilization of Dispensary, Frequency of Absence, frequency of Accident, the Utilization of dispensary and stress were significantly related (r= .1955, p<.001), the Frequency of Absence (r=.0284, p >, 05), and the Frequency of Absence (r=.0284, p>.05), and the Frequency of Accident (r= .0831, p>.05) were not significantly related with Stress. 4. In the relation between general characters of subjects and the Utilization of Dispensary, 20 to 25 aged group, women, single, christian, lent-house dwelling, 1 to 5 years employed group used at a high ratio. 5. In the relation between general character of subjects and the Frequency of Absence, men, 51 to 55 aged group, 21 to 25 years employed group indicated high Frequency, and other char-noters were not significantly related. 6. In the relation between general characters of subjects and the Frequency of Accident, women. single, 20 to 25 aged group, catholic, lent-house dwelling, below 1 year employed group showed high frequency. 7. Stress showed a significant difference only with a religion. Catholic group represented mode-rate stressed scored 209.67, and not significantly related with other general characters.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권33호
• /
• pp.383-402
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 감성 변화에 따라 나타나는 얼굴 표정에 대한 해부학적 접근방식으로 근육 체계에 의해서 부호화하는 얼굴 움직임 부호화 시스템(FACS, Facial Action Coding System)을 얼굴표정에 적용하고 이를 바탕으로 듀센스마일(Duchenne smile)을 가상 캐릭터에 적용하여 검증해 보고자 한다. 인간의 표정을 인식하는 방식이 동일하게 가상의 캐릭터에도 적용된다는 선행연구를 바탕으로 애니메이션, 게임 등의 캐릭터에 보다 사실적인 표정을 담을 수 있는 연구 방식을 제안하고자 한다. 실험을 위해 훈련된 연극전공 학생들에게 정서 유발 실험을 통해 듀센 스마일과 일반 스마일을 추출하였다. 추출된 표정을 바탕으로 얼굴 근육 데이터를 표집하여 입과 입술주변의 근육과 다른 부위의 얼굴 표정 빈도를 산출하여 얻어진 데이터를 가상 캐릭터에 적용해 보았다. 그 결과 미소 표정에서 근육의 움직임은 협골 대근육의 수축으로 인한 입술 끝이 상향운동을 하며 안륜근이 수축하며 뺨이 올라가고 눈의 아래쪽 외측 눈꺼풀이 올라가는 표정이 나타났다. 개방성과 관련된 입주변 근육(AU25, AU26, AU27)과 코주위 근육(AU9)이 함께 협골근과 광대근 주변 근육의 움직임이 표현되었다. 그중 듀센 미소는 협골 대근육과 안륜근이 동시에 움직이는 형태로 발생되었다. 이를 바탕으로 본인의 의지에 의해 수행 가능한 광대근육과 감성적 정서에 공감하여 웃음의 형태로 나타나는 안륜근을 구분하고 이를 가상의 캐릭터의 근육에 적용하여 인간의 표정과 가상의 캐릭터 표정이 서로 구분 가능한지를 설문을 통해 알아보고자 하였다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1998

It is needed that the small, cheap and low power dissipated image stabilizing system is used in a small camcorder. It is essential to detect the hand shake of human exactly for the good design of image stabilizing system. In this study, the hand shake is measured by the experiment on 17 peoples in peak-to- peak voltage and frequency. The shake of image by hand by hand is independent of human age or weight, and dependent of calmness of character or concentration of mind.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2001

We proposed a probabilistic approach of using syllable bigrams to the word-spacing problem. Syllable bigrams are extracted and the frequencies are calculated for the large corpus of 12 million words. Based on the syllable bigrams, we performed three experiments: (1) automatic word-spacing, (2) detection and correction of word-spacing errors for spelling checker, and (3) automatic insertion of a space at the end of line in the character recognition system. Experimental results show that the accuracy ratios are 97.7 percent, 82.1 percent, and 90.5%, respectively.