• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.79-97
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on the attention and hyperactivity of middle school students, Methods: Jajun-maum-dom-movement program was applied to 14 middle school students for 8 weeks, To measure the improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity, these tests were used - ADHD Diagnostic System(hereinafter ADS), Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale(hereinafter ACRS), Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale(hereinafter K-ARS). For each variable in the 3 test methods, the results of before and after program were measured and then, the results were assessed by paired t-test, Interrelations between the resulted values of 10 variables were analyzed in these three groups: scores before program, scores after program, and change in scores before and after program, Among 10 variables, for variable showing significant difference by t-test, it was assessed by ANCOVA whether change in scores before and after program is affected by the grade and gender. Results: As for the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, in the ADS test, it was found that there is a significant effect in the "commission error" which is one of the indices showing the degree of hyperactivity, and "sensitivity(d')" which is one of the indices showing attention, and it was found that there is a significant effect in ACRS and K -ARSC total), Among the correlations of the 4 variables, "ACRS" and "K-ARSC total) ", which show the comprecessive criteria, have the positive correlation of significance in before-the-program, after-the-program and the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, However, there was no specific correlations among sub-variables about attention or hyperactivity, and in all of 4 variables, there was no significant degree of change according to grade or gender. Conclusions : As the results of assessment by ADHD Diagnostic System, Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale, Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale to study the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on attention and hyperactivity, it is known that the program is helpful for improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity for the participated students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.694-712
• /
• 1993

A number of nursing researchers have used the concept of health locus of control over the past decade in Korea. This article reviewed 92 nursing research papers on health locus of control conducted since 1982, and examined type of subjects, design, measurement instruments, the scores of each dimension of the HLOC, and significant variables. Most of the research were correlational in design, used an 18-item 6-point score instrument and studied the relationship between HLOC, health re-lated variables, and cognitive-emotional variables, The health related variables included health behavior, health management, preventive health behavior, compliance to treatment regimen and self care behavior The cognitive-emotional variables included depression, anxiety, stress and self- esteem. Some consistent findings are beginning to emerge. The concept of internal HLOC was positively correlated with the health related variables. But few studies found any significant correlation between powerful others HLOC and health related variables. In the case of chance HLOC, few studies reported a significant relationship. Many of the articles reported significant relationships between internal HLOC and cognitive-emotional variables, but few reported a significant relationship between powerful others or chance HLOC and cognitive -emotional variables. all experimental studies but one found that only internal HLOC was significantly changed following experimental manipulation. When the different groups of subjects such as normal persons, chronic patients, acute patients were compared in terms of mean scores, it was found that the HLOC appeared to change depending on the status of the patients. Recommendations for future research include modification of the instrument to increase the reliability and validity, study about the pattern of response suggested by Wallston and Wallston(1982) and further experimental study on changing the belief of subjects to internal HLOC.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.187-199
• /
• 2017

We attempted to assess the impact of climate change on rice yields in Cambodia and to investigate adaptation strategies to climate change including more drastically shifting the planting dates and considering more fertilizer application levels. The potential yields of two wet season rice cultivars (Sen Pidao and Phka Rumduol) under two climate change scenarios in Cambodia were simulated using the CERES-Rice model. Field experiments conducted at the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), in 2010, 2011, and 2013 and climate variables from the HadGEM3-RA model were collected for this study. Compared with the baseline (1991-2000), yields of Sen Pidao rice will decrease under climate change and yields of Phka Rumduol rice could increase or decrease depending on fertilizer rates and the periods (2040s, 2050s, and 2080s). In general, the variations in the simulated effects of climate change on yields were more sensitive at fertilizer N100-N200 and less sensitive at fertilizer N0-N50. It is likely that forward shifts of planting date from the baseline plating date for the two cultivars in the future can be more benefitted than backward shifts. It is concluded that the CERES-Rice model can be useful to provide efficacious adaptation strategies in Cambodia.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2013

Purpose - We live in a world of constant change and competition. Many airports have specific competitiveness goals and strategies for achieving and maintaining them. The global economic recession, financial crises, and rising oil prices have resulted in an increasingly important role for facility investment and renewal and the implementation of appropriate policies in ensuring the competitive advantage for airports. It is thus important to analyze the factors that enhance efficiency and productivity for an airport. This study aims to determine the efficiency levels of 20 major airports in East Asia, Europe, and North America. Further, this study also suggests suitable policies and strategies for their development. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper employs the DEA-CCR, DEA-BCC, and DEA-Malmquist production index analysis models to determine airport efficiency. The study uses data on the efficiency and productivity of the world's leading airports between 2006 and 2010. The input variables include the airport size, the number of runways, the size of passenger terminals, and the size of cargo terminals. The output variables include the annual number of passengers and the annual cargo volume. The study uses basic data from the 2010 World Airport Traffic Report (ACI). The world's top 20 airports (as rated by the ACI report) are investigated. The study uses the expanded DEA Model and the Super Efficiency Model to identify the most effective airports among the top 20. The Malmquist productivity index analysis is used to measure airport effectiveness. Results - This study analyzes longitudinal and cross-sectional data on the world's top 20 airports covering 2006 to 2010. A CCR analysis shows that the most efficient airports in 2010 were Gatwick Airport (LGW), Zurich Airport (ZRH), Vienna Airport (VIE), Leonardo da Vinci Fiumicino Airport (FCO), Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Seattle-Tacoma Airport (SEA), San Francisco Airport (SFO), HongKong Airport (HKG), Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), and Shanghai Pudong Airport (PVG). We find that changes in airport productivity are affected more by technical factors than by airport efficiency. Conclusions - Based on the study results, we offer four airport development proposals. First, a benchmark airport needs to be identified. Second, inefficiency must be reduced and high-cost factors need to be managed. Third, airport operations should be enhanced through technical innovation. Finally, scientific demand forecasting and facility preparation must become the focus of attention. This paper has some limitations. Because the Malmquist productivity index is based on the hypothesis of the, the identified production change could be over- or under-estimated. Further, as DEA estimates the relative efficiency. It also cannot generalize to include all airport conditions because the variables are limited. To measure airport productivity more accurately, other input variables and environmental variables such as financial and policy factors should be included.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1256-1271
• /
• 2004

The importance of science attitudes is more increasing in science education. Science attitudes may influence students' attainment, consistency and quality of classwork as well as their later views of science education and scientific occupations. According to the international comparative researches and longitudinal studies on Korean students' science attitudes, it has shown that the more grade, the less science attitude. This research was survey the science attitudes and learning environment variables, and then make a inquiry that causes of decline of science attitudes. To study this purpose, the participating students in this study will be selected from 3th to 11th grade. 6,925 participants were administered 3 times in questionnaires of science attitudes and learning environment variables during a year. The result of this study showed that science attitude got low after June. Science attitude was changed from 4th grade to 8th grade students. Science attitude much more decrease second semester than first semester, high school students' science attitude fell much. It was experience about science that cause the biggest effect in science attitude and other learning environment variables influence in science attitude change. Learning environment variables made different influence from students of increased and declined science attitude. As category that influence in science attitude, in elementary school were gender, area and grade, in middle school were grade and area, and in high school was area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.821-826
• /
• 2013

When the values of design variables change, mode switching can often occur. If the mode of interest is not tracked, the frequencies and modes for design optimization may be miscalculated owing to modes that differ from the intended ones. Thus, mode tracking must be employed to identify the frequencies and modes of interest whenever the values of design variables change during optimization. Furthermore, reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) must be performed for design problems with design variables containing uncertainty. In this research, we perform RBDO considering the mode tracking of a compressive coil spring, i.e., a component of the joint spring that supports a compressor, with design variables containing uncertainty by using only kriging metamodels based on multiple responses approach (MRA) without existing mode tracking methods. The reliability analyses for RBDO are employed using kriging metamodel-based Monte Carlo simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study analyzed the managerial efficiency of hospitals and identified the productivity trends for three years. Methods : Data were collected from 44 tertiary hospitals and 32 university hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Efficiency scores and productivity trends were evaluated with the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method. The input variables were the numbers of beds, doctors, nurses, and health personnel, and the medical costs. The output variables were the numbers of outpatients, and inpatients, and the medical revenues. Along with the traditional input-oriented DEA analysis, the Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) was calculated. Results : First, the mean values of the study variables showed gradual increases in all the variables for all the study years. Second, technical efficiency scores varied depending on the study year. Third, MPI decreased from 2009 to 2010 (MPI=0.986), and then increased from 2010 to 2011(MPI=1.011). The contributions of the Efficiency Change Index and Technical Change Index on the MPI varied depending on the study year. Conclusions : This study provides information to hospital managers about changes in hospital performances. External environments had more influence on hospital performances, and hospital managers will need to manage these influences from factors surrounding the hospitals.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.289-314
• /
• 2015

Recently, Most of the companies and government offices are under consideration about the adoption of cloud office service to actualize the smart work policies. Comparing with traditional office software, a cloud office service have the advantage of the method of payment and coming over the physical limitations. Many cloud office service users tend to adopt an official evaluated the service without doubt. However after deciding to adopt cloud office service, many users are faced with a variety of problems and difficulties practically. In this study, researchers carried out interview about those problems and difficulties after adopting a cloud office service. Consequently, there are several problems and difficulties such as compatibility, document security, document lost and maladjusted to the new graphic user interface between traditional office software and a cloud office service. A cloud office service have still several advantages not only a competitive price but also ubiquitous attributes. Thus, researchers need to study about what kinds of reason variables can solve those problems and difficulties. In existing research, DeLone & McLean have suggested information system success model. They use three independent variables which are system quality, information quality, service quality. Parameters are user satisfaction, intention to use and use. Lastly, dependent variables are net benefits. However in this study, we need to change the scope of measurement. In other words, we have to replace parameters with dependent variables. Simply, user satisfaction, intention to use and use is going to be dependent variables. There are several reasons why we need changing variables. First, we aim at giving a some suggestions to a cloud service providers which independent variables do not work to satisfy for the users. Second, we need to find out how to maximize cloud office service user's satisfaction and intention to use. Third, we should firstly know that relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Finally, those research results give for the cloud office service provider to solve the cloud office service adopting problems and difficulties.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.755-768
• /
• 2016

According to TIMSS, secondary math teachers in Korea has lower confidence compare to other countries, despite the fact that teachers' confidence of teaching is an important variable. This not only influences the student's improvement but, also the quality improvement of teachers' career. Therefore, this study explores the effect of secondary math teachers' confidence according to the context variables such as teaching years, teaching preparation, collaboration with other teachers, and teaching limitation. Additionally, these context variables' $R^2$ toward the change of teaching confidence is also included. Results indicate that teaching preparation, collaboration with other teachers, and teaching limitation contribute in the confidence of teaching. $R^2$ of the change of teaching confidence shows large contribution to teaching preparation which does not accomplish with other variables.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.112-123
• /
• 1997

The optimization techniques have been applied to versatile engineering problems for reducing manufacturing cost and for automatic design. The deterministic approaches or op5imization neglect the effects on uncertainties of design variables. The uncertainties include variation or perturbation such as tolerance band. The optimum may be useless when the constraints considering worst cases of design variables can not be satisfied, which results from constraint variation. The variation of design variables can also give rise to drastic change of performances. The two issues are related to constraint feasibility and insensitive performance. Robust design suggested in the present study is developed to gain an optimum insensitive to variation on design variables within feasible region. The multiobjective function is composed to the mean and the standard deviation of original objective function, while the constraints are supplemented by adding penalty term to original constraints. This method has a advantage that the second derivatives of the constraints are not required. A mathematical problem and several standard problems for structural optimization are solved to check out the usefulness of the suggested method.