• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2007

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity disorder, which is associated with mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and has a delayed onset. The vomiting and/or diarrheal symptoms of FPIES typically begin in the first month of life in association with a failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, and shock. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of FPIES and neonatal or infantile sepsis-like illnesses or gastroenteritis is difficult. The early recognition of indexes of suspicion for FPIES may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The diagnosis of FPIES is generally made through clinical practice and food-specific IgE test findings are typically negative in this condition. Therefore, oral cow's milk challenge (OCC) remains the valid diagnostic standard for FPIES. An investigation of positive OCC outcomes helps to find out a diagnostic algorithm of criteria of a positive challenge in FPIES. Moreover, it has not been clearly determined in infantile FPIES when $1^{st}$ follow up-oral food challenge (FU-OFC) should be performed, with what kind of food protein (e.g., cow's milk, soy), and how much protein should be administered. Hence, to prevent the risk of inappropriate FU-OFC or accidental exposure and achieve appropriate dietary management, it is necessary to identify tolerance rates to major foods under the careful follow up of infantile FPIES patients. On the other hand, small intestinal enteropathy with villous atrophy is observed in FPIES and this enteropathy seems to be in part induced by both of epithelial apoptosis and intercellular junctional complex breakdown. The purpose of this report is to introduce an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in FPIES and suggest the possible histopathological evidences in this disorder.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2019

본 연구는 '교육방법 및 교육공학' 수업에서 중등예비교사에게 요구되는 창의역량 강화와 학업도전 변화를 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중등예비교사 94명이 한 학기 동안 융합수업지도안 작성 및 수업시연으로 진행되는 프로젝트 학습에 참여하였다. 설문지는 지은림, 주언희(2012)가 개발한 창의적 인재 역량측정도구와 배상훈 외(2015)의 학부교육 실태조사(K-NSSE)의 학업도전 사전-사후 설문을 실시하였다. 데이터 분석은 IBM SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대응표본 t 검정을 수행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 창의역량에서는 '고차적 사고력', '문제해결능력', '호기심', '감수성', '과제집착력', '사회 가치추구', '협동 및 배려'가 유의미하였다. 학업도전에서는 '고차원 학습'과 '학습전략'이 유의미하였다. 이를 바탕으로 융합교육, 융합수업을 일반화하여 수업하기 위해서는 다양한 융합수업설계, 지도안 작성, 실천연구와 반복적인 융합수업의 효과를 검증하며 수정 보완 과정의 필요성에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2023

Purpose - This study examined the effect of empowering leadership on adaptive performance and verified the mediating effect of job challenge in the relationship between empowering leadership and adaptive performance. Additionally, this study investigated the moderating effect of agentic and communal traits in the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance of subordinates. Design/methodology/approach - This study used data collected from 279 participants via an online platform. Multiple regression analysis, bootstrapping, hierarchical regression analysis, and simple slope test were used to analyze the data. Findings - First, supervisor's empowering leadership had a positive effect on adaptive performance. Second, job challenge was found to mediate the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance. Third, the agentic trait showed a moderating effect on strengthening the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance. However, communal trait did not show a moderating effect. Research implications or Originality - This study examined the moderating effect of agentic traits in the relationship between empowering leadership and adaptive performance, which has not been investigated before.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.379-384
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• 2003

Coal-burning utilities are facing a major NOx control compliance challenge due to the heavy emission regulation. In response to this challenge, some applicative technologies to effectively reduce NOx are developed and applied in the pulverized coal power plants. One of these is low NOx burner(LNB) equipped with multi-staged air register. In this study, NOx emission rate and flame shapes are investigated with secondary and tertiary air flow conditions in air staged coal burner, and the optimal windows of flow conditions to minimize NOx emission rate are found out. The test conditions treated in this study are the flow rate, swirl direction and intensity and throat injection velocity of secondary and tertiary air.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1160-1171
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to design and develop a computer based learning and test system, which supports not only testing learner's ability but also learning contents with giving feedback and hint. In order to design and develop a computer based learning and test system, Visual Basic dot Net software is used. The system works in three stages: sequential problem solving stage, randomized problem solving stage, and the challenge stage of pass/fail. The results of this study are as follows: (a) We propose the context of design for the computer based learning and test system. (b) We design and develop items display function with sequential and random algorithm in this system. (c) We design and develop pass/fail function by applying SPRT(Sequential Probability Ratio Testing) algorithm in the computer based learning and test system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2434-2454
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• 2021

This paper developed the software testing factory-cloud testing platform (STF-CTP) to address the software compatible issues in various smart devices. Software developers who only require uploading the application under test (AUT) and test script can test plenty of smart devices in STF-CTP. The challenge for the cloud test platform is how to optimize the resource and increase the performance in the limited resource. This paper proposed a new scheduling mechanism and a new process of the system operation which is based on the OpenStack platform. We decrease about 40% memory usage of OpenStack server, increase 3% to 10% Android device usage of STF-CTP, enhance about 80% test job throughput and reduces about 40% test job average waiting time.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1181-1185
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• 2010

본 연구는 WSSV의 주요 구조단백질인 VP19와 VP28을 모두 포함하는 VP19+28 fusion protein을 제조하여, Litopenaeus vannamei에서 WSSV에 대한 백신으로서의 효능을 평가하고자 수행하였다. VP19와 VP28 유전자를 fusion하여 제작한 VP19+28 유전자를 pET-28a(+) vector에 삽입하고 단일단백질로서 제작된 VP19+28 유전자를 E. coli BL21 (DE3)에서 발현시켰다. 백신실험을 위해 새우에게 2주 동안 실험용 사료를 급이하였으며, 그 후 바이러스액($1{\times}10^2$배로 희석한 WSSV)을 이용하여 새우에게 주사 감염에 의해 in vivo 공격실험(challenge test)을 수행하였다. 실험결과, vaccination을 하지 않은 새우들은 감염 후 11일째에 100%의 누적폐사율을 보였으며, host control로써 E. coli BL21을 사용하여 vaccination한 새우들은 감염 후 17일째에 100%의 누적폐사율을 보였다. rVP19, rVP28, rVP19+28을 이용하여 vaccination한 새우들의 경우 감염 후 21일째에 각각 66.7%, 41.7%, 41.7%의 누적폐사율을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 rVP28과 rVP19+28이 WSSV에 대해 높은 백신효능을 가짐을 확인하였다. 또한 감염 후 21일째에 fusion protein rVP19+28과 rVP28의 누적폐사율은 동일하였지만 공격실험기간 동안 폐사율이 rVP19+28을 투여 한 실험군이 낮게 나타나는 것을 보아 WSSV에 대한 새우의 방어효능은 rVP19+28이 더 높음을 나타내는 것이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2009

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2014

Pulmonary function test is a group of tests which are composed of measurement for lung function. Thy are spirometry, blood-gas analysis, lung volumes, exercise test, diffusion capacity, and bronchial challenge test. In this article, I will review the pulmonary function test and it's application in terms of clinical aspect and insurance medicine. The standard spirometric indicies are forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second(FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 over FVC(FEV1/FVC). If the value of FEV1/FVC less than 70%, the examinee has obstructive ventilatory dysfunction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 1999

To study the antigenicity of BR92021(Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine), active systemic ana-phylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were tested in guinea pigs. The groups were as follows: group I(low dose, 30 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg), group II(high dose, 300 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg), group III(300 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg plus complete Freund's adjuvant), group IV(positive control, ovalbumin plus complete Freund's adjuvant) and group V(saline-treated control). Male Hartley guinea pigs at 7 weeks of age were sensitized subcutaneously with the test article or saline three times per week for three weeks(j.e., total 9 times). For groups III and IV, animals were sensitized subcutaneously with either the test article or ovalbumin plus complete Freund's adjuvant once per three week for 6 weeks(i.e., total 3 times). Twelve days after the last sensitization, the blood was collected from the sensitized animals for the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. In addition, the sensitized animals were subjected to the active systemic anaphylaxis test on fourteen days after the last sensitization by an intravenous challenge with either the test article or ovalbumin. In group I, mild(1/5) or moderate(4/5) symptoms of anaphylactic shock were observed. In group II, no sign(1/5), moderate(3/5) and severe(1/5) symptoms were observed. In group III, four animals of revealed moderate signs and one of 5 showed no signs of anaphylactic shock. In group IV, all 5 animals showed severe signs of shock. In group V, one of 5 revealed moderate and four of 5 showed no signs. The necropsy findings related to the active systemic anaphylaxis were observed in most animals of groups I to V In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test, the antiserum was diluted 10- to 5120- fold and was injected intradermally on the clipped back of recipient animals, followed by an intravenous challenge with either the test article or ovalbumin. No animals in groups I, II, III and V showed the positive reaction, whereas all animals in group IV, the positive control, showed the positive reaction at the dilution range of x1280 to x5120. Our results indicate that the test article, BR92021, may have weak antigenic potential in male guinea pigs.