• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2008

This research is on a seating posture happening at a chair in a cinema and looked into various changes in a posture through the analysis of bodily movement in a established space like a cinema. Through the behavioral analysis of a seating posture in a limited space, each behavioral characteristic shown by a male and female and interdependent relations with a limited space were grasped. The conclusion through the above research work was as follows: 1) This research suggested a frame of analysis by dividing a seating posture into the side and upper part and was able to analyze its subsequent change characteristic of a seating posture by a male and female. 2) As for the side posture, a male was found to change fewer postures than a female, but as for the upper posture, there appeared a high frequency in posture change in case of a female. 3) As for time of staying in the side posture, a female was found to keep up a specific posture, and relatively a male changes his postures frequently while appreciating a movie; likely, as for the upper posture, it was found out that there existed a difference between the preference for the upper posture and time to keep it up. 4) A male and female were establishing a comfortable environment through their change in a posture, and there appeared changes in a posture the most within every 10 minutes in both the side and upper part postures. 5) As for the correlation between a initial posture and keep-up posture, it was found that a male tend to pursue a comfortable posture as time goes by, while a female kept up a comfortable one from her initial seating posture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2010

As life quality have grown today, People have been greatly interested in health. Moreover, new knowledge and concepts are being applied in the medical facility field and that makes the field expand constantly. Hereby, this research is a study on design elements of dental clinics and the research goals are to understand interior design of current dental clinics by investigation and analysis on furniture, closing materials, colors and so on, and to investigate esthetic and functional environments for dental clinics through analyzing upcoming trends of inner spaces of dental clinics. The investigation was conducted by visits to four clinics per each research area, where are in Busan area and opened after year 2000 and are located in Seoul and Busan. Though the spaces of dental clinics vary according to the characteristics of each clinic, it generally has a consultation room, a waiting room and an X-ray room. The closing materials that make patients feel at ease are used in the waiting room, and ones that make patients feel tidy and fresh are used in consultation spaces, spare spaces, and management spaces. In Seoul area, antique and harmonic colors are used, and modernistic colors are used in Busan area. Reception desks, chair units, sofas and sink storage shelfs are the common furniture in the clinic. We have learned what are mentioned above by research and investigation on the component characteristics of dental clinic spaces. Based on these, more systematical and in-depth research should be continued.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Purpose:This study was designed to investigate difference in isokinetic muscle strength in the knee extensor muscle and characteristic differences in muscle strength between males and females through the ankle joint angles. Methods: Seventy-four subjects participated in this study. There were two groups: 36 males and 38 females. The mean age of the men was 24.58 years and women was 23.74 years. Subjects were seated on a CON-TREX LP (leg press) lean to back of chair, and there bodies were fixed by straps with the hip joint at an angle of $130^{\circ}$. After randomly fixing the ankle joint at $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion (PF) in range of full extension of knee joint. We studied force max average, force max average/kg, power average, and total work through the angle of the ankle joint when the knee joint was extended from $90^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$. Results: In the male group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $0^{\circ}$, all minimum measured value showed at $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). In the female group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $20^{\circ}$ PF, especially the power average increased significantly. All minimum measured value showed $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). Conclusion: There are differences between males and females in isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensor through ankle joint angles in healthy adults. Males and Females have different characteristics of muscle strength through the ankle joint angles.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics of celiac disease (CD) among Saudi children and to determine the adherence rate to gluten free diet (GFD) and its determinant factors among them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which all the families registered in the Saudi Celiac Patients Support Group were sent an online survey. Only families with children 18 years of age and younger with biopsy-confirmed CD were included. Results: The median age of the 113 included children was 9.9 years, the median age at symptom onset was 5.5 years and the median age at diagnosis was 7 years, the median time between the presentation and the final diagnosis was 1 year. Sixty two of the involved children were females. Ninety two percent of the patients were symptomatic at the diagnosis while eight percent were asymptomatic. The commonest presenting symptoms included: chronic abdominal pain (59.3%), poor weight gain (54%), abdominal distention, gases, bloating (46.1%) and chronic diarrhea (41.6%). Sixty percent of the involved children were reported to be strictly adherent to GFD. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate. Conclusion: CD has similar clinical presentations among Saudi children compared to other parts of the ward; however, the adherence to GFD is relatively poor. Younger age at diagnosis and shorter duration since the diagnosis were associated with a better adherence rate.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to form a calculation formula of the mean skin temperature on the human body in a heated room by the use of floor heating system. Korean traditional floor heating system is a long way from being defunct. The floor heating systems based on hot water have been coming into wide use mainly in the apartment house. However, it is considered that the design process and evaluation method for the floor heating systems in the standpoint of human being are not established so far. In the floor heating systems, air temperature as well as floor temperature should be considered as physical factors which affect the sensation of human body. Furthermore, extremely few studies have been performed on the sitting with legs crossed posture sedentary which is the typical dwelling life style of residents from the ancient times in Korea, while a large number of studies on the influence of the floor heating systems on the human body in standing and sitting on a chair sedentary have been carried out. Especially, it is essential to elucidate how mean skin temperature on the human body is affected by thermal conduction in the contact area between the sitting with legs crossed posture sedentary human body and floor including thermal radiation due to the combination of air temperature and floor temperature, but the studies dealt with such issues have hardly been performed. Based on the above statements, the influence of the environment condition due to the combination of air temperature and floor temperature is discussed in the present investigation through theoretical of mean skin temperature on the human body in the floor heating systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 2000

One bottle system was recently developed in order to simplify the clinical skills and save chair time after continuous improvements on dentin bonding agents. There has been many studies to measure the bond strength of one bottle systems but no actual work has been done on micromorphologic study of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone after one bottle system application. To evaluate the bonding patterns of various commercially available one bottle systems to dentin, observation of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone under TEM was performed. Caries-free human third molars within one month of extractions were chosen for the experiments. The molars were sectioned 1mm above the cementoenamel junction and got rid of the root portions. Crown portions of the teeth were sectioned parallel to occlusal surface so that dentin discs of 1mm in thickness were remained. 7 one bottle systems and 1 two bottle system were applied according to manufacturer's instructions and followings were the results. 1. In every experimental groups, cross bandings of collagen fiber were distinguishable and tight bon dings between the bonding agents and dentin were observed. 2. Hybrid layer was clearly observed in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, MAC-BOND II groups but it was not clear in Single Bond, D-Liner Dual PLUS, ONE COAT BOND groups. 3. Electron-density of hybrid layer was uniform in pattern in MAC-BOND II, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1 groups but not so uniform in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$ group. 4. Electron-dense amorphous phase in most superior layer of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone was characteristically observed in Single Bond, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, ONE COAT BOND groups. It can be concluded that bondings between the dentin bonding agents and dentin can be various in pattern according to their chemical compositions and the condition during applications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2014

Objective : Posture-induced radial neuropathy, known as Saturday night palsy, occurs because of compression of the radial nerve. The clinical symptoms of radial neuropathy are similar to stroke or a herniated cervical disk, which makes it difficult to diagnose and sometimes leads to inappropriate evaluations. The purpose of our study was to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of compressive radial neuropathy. Methods : Retrospectively, we reviewed neurophysiologic studies on 25 patients diagnosed with radial nerve palsy, who experienced wrist drop after maintaining a certain posture for an extended period. The neurologic presentations, clinical prognosis, and electrophysiology of the patients were obtained from medical records. Results : Subjects were 19 males and 6 females. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years. The right arm was affected in 13 patients and the left arm in 12 patients. The condition was induced by sleeping with the arms hanging over the armrest of a chair because of drunkenness, sleeping while bending the arm under the pillow, during drinking, and unknown. The most common clinical presentation was a wrist drop and paresthesia on the dorsum of the 1st to 3rd fingers. Improvement began after a mean of 2.4 weeks. Electrophysiologic evaluation was performed after 2 weeks that revealed delayed nerve conduction velocity in all patients. Conclusion : Wrist drop is an entrapment syndrome that has a good prognosis within several weeks. Awareness of its clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make diagnosis of radial neuropathy and exclude irrelevant evaluations.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

Objective : Sacral insufficiency fracture (SIF) contributes to severe low back pain. Prolonged immobilization resulting from SIF can cause significant complications in the elderly. Sacroplasty, a treatment similar to vertebroplasty, has recently been introduced for providing pain relief in SIF. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical short-term effects of percutaneous sacroplasty on pain and mobility in SIF. Methods : This study is conducted prospectively with data collection. Sixteen patients (3 men and 13 women) with a mean age of 77.5 years (58 to 91) underwent sacroplasty. Patients reported visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-10) and Oswestry disability index (ODI; 0-100%) scores. VAS and ODI scores were collected preoperatively and again at one day, one month, and three months postoperatively. Questionnaires measuring six activities of daily living (ADLs) including ambulating, performing housework, dressing, bathing, transferring from chair, and transferring from bed were collected. Ability to perform ADLs were reported preoperatively and again at three months postoperatively. Results : The mean preoperative VAS score ($mean{\pm}SD$) of $7.5{\pm}0.8$ was significantly reduced to $4.1{\pm}1.6$, $3.3{\pm}1.0$, and $3.2{\pm}1.2$ postoperatively at one day, one month, and three months, respectively (p<0.01). The mean ODI score (%) also significantly improved from $59{\pm}14$ preoperatively to $15.5{\pm}8.2$ postoperatively at one month and $14.8{\pm}8.8$ at three months (p<0.01). All ADL scores significantly improved at three months postoperatively (p<0.01). Conclusion : Percutaneous sacroplasty alleviates pain quickly and improves mobility and quality of life in patients treated for SIF.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of blood pressure and autonomic neural system through one-time bamboo stepping in hypertensive elderly people. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: We recruited 26 elderly people aged 65 or older for study. They sat for 10 minutes in a chair, rested, and measured pre-exercise blood pressure and autonomic neural system. The blood pressure was measured three times and the mean value was used and the autonomic neural system was measured once. Bamboo stepping exercise was performed for 20 minutes. Blood pressure and autonomic neural system were measured 5 times immediately after exercise, and every 15 minutes at 60 minutes after bamboo stepping exercise. Results: There was a significant difference in the decrease of systolic blood pressure after one-time bamboo stepping exercise, the change of parasympathetic activity (HF), heart rate variability (HRV) and BPM measured immediately after exercise at 15 minutes after exercise, There was no significant difference in autonomic neural system change. Conclusion: One-time Bamboo stepping exercise is effective in decreasing systolic blood pressure of the hypertensive elderly.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

최근 정부는 재해 절감을 위한 다양한 노력덕분에 산업과 건설업 전반에 걸쳐 재해 사고는 감소추세를 보이고 있다. 그러나 건설업에서의 추락재해는 감소하지 않고 오히려 증가하고 있다. 특히, 달비계에 의한 추락재해는 매년 발생빈도는 낮지만 발생 시 작업자의 사망과 직결한다는 측면에서 재해강도가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 국내 건설업에서의 달비계 작업환경은 매우 열악하다. 더욱이 소규모 건설현장에서의 달비계 작업자들은 안전에 대한 감독과 관리를 받을 수 있는 주체가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 본 연구를 진행하면서 달비계 추락재해 예방을 위해 가장 근본적으로 개선되어야 할 문제점인 수직구명줄 미설치 및 미부착이다. 또한 로프 풀림, 로프 파단, 고정점불량 등의 다양한 재해발생 원인에 대한 규명을 통해 건설현장 가설공사의 재해예방을 위한 해결방안이 되었길 희망한다.