• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.665-677
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• 2005

The notion of normal intuitionistic fuzzy R-subgroups in near-rings is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterization of an intuitionistic fuzzy R-subgroup is given. Using a collection of right R-subgroups, an intuitionistic fuzzy right R-subgroup is established. Using a chain of right R-subgroups, an intuitionistic fuzzy right R-subgroup is also established.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.774-778
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• 2000

A convenient total synthesis of a new 7-deoxyidarubicinone ivative21,the aglycon of the anticancer anti-biotic idarubicin analogue,is described.Keyfeatures of the synthesis are the Friedel-Crafts acylation and the functionalization of an A-ring si de chain. A synthon 14 for the A and B rings was prepared from intermediate 6 in five steps.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-127
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• 2005

Five Cu(II) compounds were obtained from different copper salts with btp ligands, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of coordination polymer 2 contains btp-bridged tetranuclear Cu(II) units weakly connected by nitrate ions, and the structure of a discrete Cu(II) molecule 1 contains acetates and btp ligands. With perchlorate anions, two btp ligands bridge Cu(II) ions to form a double zigzag chain 3, while a single zigzag chain 4 is created with sulfate anions. The reaction of $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ containing $NH_{4}PF_{6}$ with btp ligands also produced a polymeric compound 5 containing $Cu(H_{2}O)_{2}^{2+}$ and $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ units alternatively bridged by btp ligands with H-bonds between copper bonded water and nitrate oxygen atoms. Five Zn(II) compounds were obtained from different zinc salts with btp ligands, and the structures of polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8) and monomeric compounds (9 and 10) were determined by X-ray crystallography. With nitrate, chloride and bromide anions, btp ligands bridge Zn(II) ions to form polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8), but btp ligands coordinate to a Zn(II) ion to form monomeric complexes (9 and 10) with $PF_{6}^{-}$ and perchlorate anions. Four silver salts and btp ligands produced two kinds of structures, dinuclear 20-membered rings and one-dimensional zigzag chain depending on different anions. For $ClO_{4}^{-}$ and OTf anions, weak interactions between Ag(I) and anions make dinuclear 20-membered rings construct polymeric compounds (11 and 13). For $PF_{6}^{-}$ anion, there are also weak interactions between Ag(I) and $F(PF_{6}^{-})(12)$, but they do not construct a polymeric compound. For $O_{2}CCF_{3}^{-}$ anion, btp ligands bridge Ag(I) atoms to make one-dimensional zigzag chain (14), and there are also interactions between Ag(I) and anions.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

In this paper, some properties for a PI-ring satisfying the descending chain condition on essential left ideals are studied: Let R be a ring with a polynomial identity satisfying the descending chain condition on essential ideals. Then all minimal prime ideals in R are maximal ideals. Moreover, if R has only finitely many minimal prime ideals, then R is left and right Artinian. Consequently, if every primeideal of R is finitely generated as a left ideal, then R is left and right Artinian. A finitely generated PI-algebra over a commutative Noetherian ring satisfying the descending chain condition on essential left ideals is a finite module over its center.(omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.131-150
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• 2019

In this paper, we consider the structure of ${\gamma}$-constacyclic codes of length $2p^s$ over the Galois ring $GR(p^a,m)$ for any unit ${\gamma}$ of the form ${\xi}_0+p{\xi}_1+p^2z$, where $z{\in}GR(p^a,m)$ and ${\xi}_0$, ${\xi}_1$ are nonzero elements of the set ${\mathcal{T}}(p,m)$. Here ${\mathcal{T}}(p,m)$ denotes a complete set of representatives of the cosets ${\frac{GR(p^a,m)}{pGR(p^a,m)}}={\mathbb{F}}p^m$ in $GR(p^a,m)$. When ${\gamma}$ is not a square, the rings ${\mathcal{R}}_p(a,m,{\gamma})=\frac{GR(p^a,m)[x]}{{\langle}x^2p^s-{\gamma}{\rangle}}$ is a chain ring with maximal ideal ${\langle}x^2-{\delta}{\rangle}$, where ${\delta}p^s={\xi}_0$, and the number of codewords of ${\gamma}$-constacyclic code are provided. Furthermore, the self-orthogonal and self-dual ${\gamma}$-constacyclic codes of length $2p^s$ over $GR(p^a,m)$ are also established. Finally, we determine the Rosenbloom-Tsfasman (RT) distances and weight distributions of all such codes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2018

${\alpha}$-Iso-cubebene (ICB) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignin contained in Schisandra chinensis (SC), a well-known medicinal herb that ameliorates cardiovascular symptoms, but the mechanism responsible for this activity has not been determined. To determine the role played by ICB on the regulation of vascular tone, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ICB on vascular contractile responses by adrenergic ${\alpha}$-receptor agonists. In addition, we investigated the role on myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In aortic rings isolated from C57BL/6J mice, ICB significantly attenuated the contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) and norepinephrine (NE), whereas ICB had no effects on KCl (60 mM)-induced contraction. In vasculatures precontracted with PE, ICB caused marked relaxation of aortic rings with or without endothelium, suggesting a direct effect on VSMC. In cultured rat VSMC, PE or NE increased MLC phosphorylation and increased cytosolic calcium levels. Both of these effects were significantly suppressed by ICB. In conclusion, our results showed that ICB regulated vascular tone by inhibiting MLC phosphorylation and calcium flux into VSMC, and suggest that ICB has anti-hypertensive properties and therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disorders related to vascular hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1999

The title compound consisting of a calix[4]arene molecule with four phenyl rings arranged alternately in anti-orientation fashion, two propyloxy groups attached on the upper rim of calix[4]arene, and polyther chain with two phyenyl rings attached on the lower rim of calix[4]arene offers a big cavity inside a molecule with might a potential for forming host-guest complexes.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 1999

The title compound consisting of a calix[4]arene molecule with four phenyl rings arranged alter-nately in anti-orientation fashion, two propyloxy groups, and four para-tert-butyl group, attached on the upper rim of calix[4]arene, and polyether chain with two phenyl rings attached on the lower rim of calix[4]arene offers a big cavity inside the molecule that might possess a potential for form-ing host-guest complexes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.725-743
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• 2022

In this paper, the concepts of ω-linked homomorphisms, the ω_𝜙-operation, and DW_𝜙 rings are introduced. Also the relationships between ω_𝜙-ideals and ω-ideals over a ω-linked homomorphism 𝜙 : R → T are discussed. More precisely, it is shown that every ω_𝜙-ideal of T is a ω-ideal of T. Besides, it is shown that if T is not a DW_𝜙 ring, then T must have an infinite number of maximal ω_𝜙-ideals. Finally we give an application of Cohen's Theorem over ω-factor rings, namely it is shown that an integral domain R is an SM-domain with ω-dim(R) ≤ 1, if and only if for any nonzero ω-ideal I of R, (R/I)_ω is an Artinian ring, if and only if for any nonzero element α ∈ R, (R/(a))_ω is an Artinian ring, if and only if for any nonzero element α ∈ R, R satisfies the descending chain condition on ω-ideals of R containing a.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.337-345
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• 2022

Let R ⊆ T be an extension of a commutative ring and S ⊆ R a multiplicative subset. We say that (R, T) is an S-accr (a commutative ring R is said to be S-accr if every ascending chain of residuals of the form (I : B) ⊆ (I : B²) ⊆ (I : B³) ⊆ ⋯ is S-stationary, where I is an ideal of R and B is a finitely generated ideal of R) pair if every ring A with R ⊆ A ⊆ T satisfies S-accr. Using this concept, we give an S-version of several different known results.