• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2018

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A. Patients with classical FD present acroparesthesia, hypohidrosis, cornea verticillata, disseminated angiokeratoma, and microalbuminuria in childhood, and develop life-threatening renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular complications typically after the fourth decade of life. To date, more than 700 mutations responsible for FD have been identified in the human GLA gene. Herein, we report a novel GLA mutation, c.1117_1141del25 (p.Gly373Profs*10), identified in an 11-year-old Korean boy with FD presenting early cardiac and neurologic manifestation and in other affected family members. The boy had acroparesthesia, hypohidrosis, cornea verticillata, and left ventricular hypertrophy. His mother and sister also had acroparesthesia. Two males on the mother's side had similar pain and died of unknown causes. The plasma ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A activity (4.1 nmol/hr/mg protein) of the patient was markedly lower than the mean value of the controls. The plasma level of globotriaosylsphingosine was elevated in the patient and all the carriers. We concluded the novel GLA mutation c.1117_1141del25 is a pathogenic mutation for FD, probably related to the early cardiac manifestation of FD.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2010

Vascular dementia(VaD) is currently considered to be the second most common type of dementia. VaD is not a single diagnostic entity, but a heterogeneous syndrome which encompasses several clinicopathological forms of dementia resulting from cerebrovascular diseases. A common form of VaD is subcortical VaD which is characterized by lacunar infarcts and deep white matter changes, leading to a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function. The neuropsychological and cognitive profiles of subcortical VaD have been reported relatively homogeneous. At present, subcortical vascular dementia is regarded as the most important subtype of VaD with getting the attention of vascular dementia. The aims of this study are to discuss the concept of subcortical VaD and its importance focusing on diagnosis, prevention and treatment with a case report.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1998

Alternative medicine is defined as the practices used for the prevention and the treatment of diseases that are not taught widely in medical schools, nor generally available inside hospitals. Alternative medicine or therapy is of growing interest to the general public. We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence and patterns of using alternative medicine such as herbal medicine acupuncture, folk medicine, health food and diet, yoga, qi therapy, shiatsu, chiropractics, homeopathy etc.. Based on 794 completed questionnaires, 484 respondents(61%) reported using at least one form of alternative medicine for their medical problems. The major medical conditions for which they used alternative medicine were back pain(85.6%), arthritis(85.4%), hypertension(85.2%), cerebrovascular disorders(86.4%), and insomnia(84.6%). The types of alternative medicine frequently used were herbal medicine, acupuncture, folk medicine, and health food. The reasons why the vast majority of people sought after alternative medicine was that: less side-effect, it is not harmful, it is more effective, there is a shorter waiting time, and a better explanation fur the conditions and a kinder therapist. We found that the frequency of using alternative medicine in the health care system was high. Physicians need to be more aware that many patients may be using alternative medicine. Further survey of the nation-wide prevalence of alternative medicine, and scientific study into the efficacy of this medicine should be followed. In the meantime, we suggest paying attention to possible harmful effects caused by some sorts of alternative medicine.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Increased intima-media thickness(IMT) of the common carotid artery is an early marker of atherosclerosis and a powerful predictor of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between carotid artery IMT and cardiovascular risk factors. Total 134 adult were performed with Ultrasonography to measure IMT at common carotid artery, the physical measurements and blood tests, the following results were obtained. As a result, IMT showed higher value in male IMT than female IMT. And, the IMT increased according to the age increased. Also, TC and AI have positive significant correlation with IMT. In Conclusion, cardiovascular risk factors with adult are associated with increased IMT of common carotid artery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.678-683
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• 1995

Arterial bypass for the chronic ischemia of the lower extremities underlying atherosclerotic obliterans has been performed with a number of alternative conduits from 1941 by Kunlin. It is indicated for the limb salvage of patients with threatened limb loss despite of several controversies in surgical treatment of atherosclerotic obliterans. From March 1991 to January 1995, 26 arterial bypasses were performed in 23 patients with the chronic ischemia of the lower extremities in our hospital. Their mean follow up period is 18.9 months ranging from 4 months to 44 months. Mean age is 60.9 years ranging 47 years to 76 years and the most prevalent incidence is the 6th decade. 21 patients are male and 2 patients are female. 19 of 23 patients are smokers. Clinical classifications by Fontaine are class II[21.7% , class III[34.8% and class IV[43.5% .Diabetes mellitus[47.8% , hypertension[43.5% , hyperlipid-emia[26% , tuberculosis[21.7% , cerebrovascular accident[13.0% and cardiac diseases[8.7% are associated. Aorto-single femoral bypass in 4 cases, aorto-bifemoral bypass in 5 cases, aortofemoral & femoropopliteal bypass in 2 cases, femoropopliteal bypass in 10 cases, popliteotibial bypass in 3 cases, femoropedal bypass[composite graft bypass in 2 cases were surgically approached. There are complicated early thrombosis in 4 cases those are required immediately reoperation, wound infection in 3 cases, hematoma in 3 cases, and so on. Postoperative complication rate is 53.8%.Postoperative patency rates are 84.6% at 6 months, 75.0% at 1 year, 70.0% at 2 years and 66.7% at 3 years. We usually used 6 mm & 8 mm graft for bypass, and the rate of thrombosis formation is 28.6%[2/7 in 6 mm graft and 12.5%[2/16 in 8 mm separately. In according to the graft materials, the rate of thrombosis formation is higher in the group using artificial graft than in that using autologous saphenous vein[16.6% vs 12.5% . Limb salvage rate is 76.9%. Postoperative mortality rate is zero %.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Late-onset GBS disease commonly manifests as occult bacteremia or meningitis. Approximately 50% of survivors of late-onset meningitis have long-term neurologic sequelae. Cerebrovascular complications are often associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes of GBS meningitis. There have been a few reports of cerebral infarction accompanied by GBS meningitis. We report a 29-day-old girl with severe, widespread cerebral infarction due to late-onset GBS meningitis. Isolated GBS strain from this patient was serotype III, ST-19. Currently, she has cortical blindness and significant developmental delay.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.503-510
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been reported to be related to the occurrence of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. High serum Hcy levels are also related to the development of secondary stroke and all-cause mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high serum homocysteine level and relating factors, and the change over the 10 month period post-stroke. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Consecutive stroke patients who were admitted to the Asan Medical Center were enrolled. Ten months after the onset of stroke, an interview with a structured questionnaire was performed and blood samples were obtained for the biochemical parameters. Nutritional status was determined using the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score and dietary nutrient intakes were also obtained using a 24 hour recall method. RESULTS: Out of 203 patients, 84% were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and 26% had high homocysteine levels at 10 months post-stroke. Using logistic regression, the factors related with high homocysteine levels at 10 months post-stroke included heavy alcohol consumption (P = 0.020), low MNA scores (P = 0.026), low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (P = 0.021) and low serum folate levels (P = 0.003). Of the 156 patients who had normal homocysteine levels at admission, 36 patients developed hyperhomocysteinemia 10 months post-stroke, which was related to heavy alcohol consumption (P = 0.013). Persistent hyperhomocysteinemia, observed in 22 patients (11%), was related to male sex (P = 0.031), old age (P = 0.042), low vitamin $B_6$ intake (P = 0.029), and heavy alcohol consumption (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Hyperhomocysteinemia is common in post-stroke, and is related to malnutrition, heavy alcohol drinking and low serum level of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$. Strategies to prevent or manage high homocysteine levels should consider these factors.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.46-67
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• 1985

In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the pattern of mortality in Korea during 1970~80. By applying the age-sex specific mortality rates quoted from 1978~79 life tables for Korea published by NBOS, EPB to those of the West pattern of regional model life tables and the far eastern pattern of model life tables for developing countries, life expectancy at birth were calculated. Also the author reviewed the trends of death rates, life expectancy and cause of death using vital registration data and other materials. Summarized results are as follows; 1. Crude death rates in Korea was reduced to one fifth in the 1983 compared to that in 1920's. Life expectancy also improved to almost double in 1985 compared to 1920's. But the difference in the life expectancy between male and female increased during that period and it was recorded as 6.4 years in 1985. This discrepancy was mainly due to the different tempo of decreasing in mortality level by sex, particularly, for the age 40 and above. 2. For the pattern of mortality in Korea, it showed that female mortality could accounted closer to the West pattern model life tables. There were high similarity between actual pattern prevalent in Korea and West pattern. And its coefficient of variance was also very low. However for the case of male, it was difficult to find the exact model life tables for explaining the actual situation on the male mortality pattern which means exist considerable dissimilarity in older ages. The Far eastern pattern of U.N. model life tables show better results than West pattern, however, the deviation of the pattern to actual was severe. Also in Far eastern pattern, high coefficient of variance was existed. Furthermore it was found in the paper that the mortality level of Korean male for the age 40 and above were much higher than that of Far eastern pattern which was reflected the high mortality of the male adult in Far east region. 3. The analysis of cause of death showed that circulatory disease such as cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive disease accounted for the leading cause of death in Korea for the age 40 and above. There should he paid special attention to chronic retrogressive diseases for the older age groups. For younger age groups, injury and poisoning were reported as important cause of death.

• Korean Journal of Family Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.325-332
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• 2018

Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine demographic and clinical factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medication. Methods: From August 2012 to February 2015, we recruited 1,523 Korean patients with hypertension who visited family physicians. The study was conducted in 24 facilities located in urban and metropolitan areas. Of these facilities, two were primary care clinics and 22 were level 2 or 3 hospitals. Adherence was assessed using the pill count method; a cut-off value of 80% was used as the criterion for good adherence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were compared between the adherent and nonadherent groups using the chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with medication adherence as the outcome variable. Results: Of the 1,523 patients, 1,245 (81.7%) showed good adherence to antihypertensive medication. In the multivariate logistic analysis, age ${\geq}65$ years, exercise, treatment in a metropolitan-located hospital, being on ${\geq}2$ classes of antihypertensive medication and concomitant medication for diabetes, and a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases were associated with good adherence. Patients who had a habit of high salt intake were less adherent to medication. Conclusion: Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications, concomitant medication, and exercise were associated with good adherence to antihypertensive medication, and high salt intake was associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered to improve hypertension control.