• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives : Sypsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1 chon(寸) from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. in oriental medicine. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. We investigated whether Venesection at the Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate in humans aged from 20 to 30 who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Methods : 67 persons were studied from March to June 2008. They were composed of Sample group(n=36) and Normal group(n=31). Both two groups kept a steady state an hour before venesection. In both group, we checked blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rates 6 times( 30min. before and just before treatment, and just after, 30, 60, 90min after treatment). All study environments were same between sample and normal group. But only, normal group didn't carry out venesection at the Sybsun-points. Results : In a comparison of before and after venesection at the Sybsun-points, any Statistical significance was not evaluated. Though pulse rate in sample group was significantly decreased after venesection(p<0.05), it has no statistical significance because normal group's pulse rate was also significantly decreased and between two groups had no statistical difference. Conclusions : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that venesection at the Sybsun-points has no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature, and pulse rate in humans who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Also in that case, we may know that pain and tension result from venesection at the Sybsun-points have no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

전북지역의 김제시의 2개 초등학교 4-6학년 학부모 434명을 대상으로 2003년 11월 20일부터 2003년 11월 30일까지 10일간 자기 기입식 방법으로 설문조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고혈압 관련 지식의 정답률은 77.4%-94.5%로서 비교적 높게 나타났으며 이중 고혈압에 대한 혈압수치의 정답률이 77.4%로서 제일 낮았다. 그러나 비만인 사람이 고혈압에 더 걸리기 쉽다는 응답의 정답률이 94.5%로서 높은 지식을 나타냈다. 둘째, 혈압측정을 실천했는지를 분석한 결과 아버지 측정율이 53.7%인 반면 어머니의 측정율은 54.8%로서 높지 않게 나타났다. 셋째, 측정한 학부모들의 자기혈압을 알고 있는지 분석한 결과 알고 있다는 인지율이 아버지는 84.1%, 어머니는 91.1%로서 비교적 잘 알고 있었으며 이들이 작성한 자기 혈압 수치를 혈압 분류기준에 따라 분석한 결과 아버지들의 고혈압 전단계(120-139mmHg/80-89mmHg) 비율이 12.2% 및 고혈압(140/90mmHg)이 28.6%로 나타났다, 반면 어미니들의 고혈압 전 단계 비율이 7.7% 및 18.2%로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 기초로 다음과 같은 결론 및 제안을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 고혈압의 예방 및 관리를 위하여 지역 사회 대상 접근 방법이 기존의 보건의료기관에서 내소자를 중심으로 개인 대상 접근 방법보다 더 중요함을 시사하므로 적극적인 홍보가 실시되어야 한다. 둘째, 지역주민이 갖고 있는 고혈압관련지식 수준은 비교적 높은데 이러한 지식을 생활하면서 실천 하는 능력을 향상시키는 것이 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 지역사회 고혈압 예방 및 관리에서 학교라는 지역 사회시설과 감수성이 높고 교육효과가 크다고 증명된 초등학생들을 적극 활용하는 것이 중요하므로 초등학교에 고혈압 예방교육이 실시되어야 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2005

Background : The development of bronchoscopic equipment along with the precision of radiographic techniques had reduced the mortality rate of patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies but has been no change in the incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies since their introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of a tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality in children and adults. Methods : This is a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent bronchoscopic procedures for the treatment of aspirated foreign bodies from December 1994 through March 2004 at the Chonnam national university hospital. Results : There were 47 males and 17 females, aged from 1 month to 78 years. Most of the patients had no underlying illness except for one patient with a cerebrovascular accident that contributed to the foreign body aspiration. The most common symptom was cough, which was noted in 54 patients (84.3%). The other presenting symptoms were dyspnea (48.8%), fever (20.3%), sputum (14%), vomiting (7.8%), and chest pain (4.6%). Those whose tracheobronchial foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration (21 patients) were more likely to have pneumonia than those whose foreign bodies were diagnosed within 2 days (p = 0.009). Foreign bodies were visualized in the plain chest radiographs in 12 cases (18.8%), while others showed air trapping (21, 32.8%), pneumonia (15, 23.4%), atelectasis (7, 10.9%), and normal findings (9, 14.1%). The foreign bodies were more frequently found in the right bronchial tree (36) compared with the left bronchial tree (22, p = 0.04). In order to remove the foreign bodies, twenty (31.2%) cases were removed using flexible bronchoscopy, while 42 (65.6%) and 2 (3.2%) cases required rigid bronchoscopy and surgery, respectively. Conclusions : Tracheobronchial Foreign body aspiration had a bimodal age distribution in the infancy and old age around 60 years. They were found more frequently in the right bronchial tree. In addition, patients whose foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration were more likely have a infection. Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for uncooperative children and for those with foreign bodies lodged deeply in the small bronchial tree.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Objectives : To gather information about the factors which influence the interest and intention of admission into charging nursing hones for the elderly(CNH), as these homes represent an important method for resolving the problems related to the rapid population aging occurring in Korea. Methods : A face-to-face interview survey was carried out with 320(men 159, women 165) patients over 60 years old who were admitted at 2 university hospitals and 5 general hospitals in the Busan area between December 1998 and March 1999. Data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results : The mean age and years of education of the study population was 67.0 and 7.7 years, and the types of chronic degenerative disease included musculoskeletal disorders(20.1%), cerebrovascular disease(17.1%), and diabetes(14.3%). The major forms of household living arrangement prior to admission were elderly alone(22.6%), and elderly couple(33.5%), while about half of them(55.5%) didn't want to live with their children id the future. Almost half were paying medication fees by themselves(46.6%). The level of actual intention of admission$(3.07{\pm}1.39)$ into a CNH was lower than that of interest$(3.22{\pm}1.33)$(p<0.01). Multiple analysis revealed that the intention of admission increased with decreasing number of future supportive persons$(\beta=-0.107)$, lower level of activity in daily life$(\beta=-0.447)$, and longer years of education$(\beta=-0.447)$ with 32.7% of $R^2$. As for the factors which determined the admission into a CNH, the fee and facilities were considered to be most important, and professional nursing and physician's care were the most desired services. In nomenclature, they preferred 'elderly hospital' or 'elderly health center' to CNH. Conclusions : Interest in CNH is increasing recently, but existing studies about patient experiences in CHN are still limited. This study may form a basis for future examinations of the needs and uses for CNH. Active financial support and public information are considered by the authors to be important factors for the induction of welfare services for the elderly, though CNH.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1581-1585
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• 2007

To report Sensitivity and specificity about utility as diagnosis criteria for deficiency of Qi in stroke. Korean medicine doctor surveyed deficiency of Qi of the symptoms for the Stroke case report form in stroke patients within 1 month of onset. We analyzed 643 patients have diagnosed stroke, neurological deficit continued over twenty-four hours and within one month of onset, except traumatic cerebrovascular attack (EDH, SDH) using the result by medical specialist and residents diagnosed differentiation and written CRF(Case Report Forms) which based on 'Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs II' in twenty multi centers. The sensitivity of "more 1/5 in major sings and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 1/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs" are respectively 83%, 50%, 72%, 46%, 47%, 32%. The specificity are respectively 28%, 59%, 55%, 74%, 80%, 89%. The sensitivity(72%) and specificity(55%) of "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs" that to be implanted. Although this values are not high, after values of sensitivity and specificity should be more than current value, and then we should be able to suggest as objective diagnosing criteria.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1990

The contribution of endogenous transport systems to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of basic and acidic drugs was studied by using a carotid injection technique in rats and an isolated bovine cerebrovascular disease state were compared between the normotensive rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) which have been well established as an animal model with pathogenic similarities to humans. Basic drugs such as eperisone, thiamine and scopolamine inhibited, in a concentration dependent manner the in vivo uptake of $[{^3}H]choline$ through BBB, whereas amino acids and acidic drugs such as salicylic acid and valproic acid did not inhibit the uptake. The uptake of $[^3H]choline$ by B-CAP increased with time and showed a remarkable temperature dependency. The uptake of $[^3H]choline$ by B-CAP showed the very similar inhibitory effects as observed in the in vivo brain uptake, and was competitively inhibited by a basic drug, eperisone. The in vivo BBB uptakes of $[^3H]acetic$ acid and $[^{14}C]salicylic$ acid were dependent on pH of the injectate and the concentration of drugs. Several acidic drugs such such as salicylic acid, benzoic acid and valproic acid inhibited the in vivo uptake of $[^3H]acetic$ acid, whereas amino acid, choline and a basic drug such as eperisone did not inhibit the uptake. The uptake of acetic acid by B-CAP was competitively inhibited by salicylic acid. The permeability surface area product (PS) through BBB for $[^3H]choline$ in SHRSP was significantly lower than that in WKY. The concentration of choline in the brain dialysate in SHRSP was about half of that in WKY, while no significant difference was observed in the plasma concentration of choline between SHRSP and WKY. No significant difference was observed in the transport of monocarboxylic acids, glucose and neutral amino acid through BBB between SHRSP and WKY. From these results, it was concluded that BBB transport system of choline contributes to the transport of basic drugs through BBB, that acidic drugs can be transported via a moncarboxylic acid BBB transport system and that the specific dysfuntion of the BBB choline transport in SHRSP was ascribed to the reduction of the maximum velocity of choline concentration in the brain interstitial fluids.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound about risk factor of stroke by comparing blood flow between patients with metabolic syndrome(MS group) and Normal group. Methods: 62 metabolic syndrome patients and 106 healthy adults were selected who had no cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other systemic diseases. We measured the mean velocity(Vm), peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of MCA, ACA, PCA, VA, ICA in two groups using TCD. All subjects were divided by gender and age. Results: In comparing Ms group with normal group, Vm in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ICA were lower in MS group. In all vessels, PI of MS group were higher than that of Normal group. In all vessels, Vm and Vs revealed negative correlation with age and PI revealed positive correlation with age. In 20-39 year olds, there was decrease in the Vs and Vm and increase of PI of MS group in comparison with normal group. There was significant difference in the Vm of PCA, ICA, Vs of MCA, PCA, ICA and PI of MCA, ACA. In 40-59 year olds, Vm in the MCA, ACA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ACA were lower in MS group. PI in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In 60-79 year olds, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA was decreased in MS group than Normal group with no statistical signification. Vs in the MCA was lower and PI in the PCA was higher in MS group. In male, Vm of PCA and Vs of MCA were lower and PI of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In female, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA and Vs of MCA, ICA were lower and PI of ACA, PCA, VA, ICA were higher in MS group. Conclusions: The significant difference in Vm, Vs, PI between MS group and normal group suggests hemodynamic disorder. Screening and prognosing high risk group can be done through TCD and this can be used to prevent stroke. More detailed study will be needed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.880-890
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• 2010

뇌졸중 등의 혈관 질병을 진단하기 위해서 혈관 내 초음파(Intravascular Ultrasound:IVUS)영상 기법이 사용되고 있다. 최근에는 혈관 내벽에 붙은 혈전을 탄성 영상법을 이용하여 진단하는 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 그러나 혈관 내 초음파는 혈관 내에 트랜스듀서를 삽입하여야 하므로 진단 방법에 위험성이 있다. 본 논문은 선형 트랜스듀서를 이용하여 혈관 외부에서 데이터를 획득하여 혈관 내벽에 붙은 혈전의 변형률 영상을 얻었다. 혈관 벽의 움직임을 정확하게 측정하기 위하여, 혈관 벽과 수직이 되도록 주사선의 방향을 조향하면서 초음파 데이터를 획득하였다. 초음파 데이터는 기저대역의 복소수 신호로 복조한 뒤 자기상관(autocorrelation)을 이용하여 혈관 벽의 움직임을 계산하여 변형률 영상을 얻었다. 제안한 방법을 플라스틱 기반의 혈관 모사 팬텀을 제작하여 검증하였다. 혈관 모사 팬텀은 혈관에 해당하는 직경 6mm의 실린더 공간에 물을 채우고 벽을 따라 2mm 두께의 부드러운 혈전을 혈관 벽의 내부에 배치하였다. RF 데이터는 상용 초음파 진단기에서 7.5MHz 선형 트랜스듀서를 사용하여 -40도부터 40도까지 1도 간격으로 조향시킨 81개의 스캔라인 데이터를 얻었다. 실험 결과 단단한 배경 팬텀에 인접한 혈전 영역이 더 무른 것으로 관찰되었다. 제안한 방법의 탄성 영상법이 비록 주사선이 혈관 벽에 수직으로 입사하는 영역으로 제한되지만 혈관 변형률 영상법의 유용함을 실험으로 입증하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

인체의 지방조직이 증가하여 비만해지면 심혈관계 질환, 당뇨병, 대사성질환과 이상지질혈증 등의 위험인자로 나타난다. 이러한 대사성질환에는 심혈관 및 뇌혈관질환, 고혈압, 고지혈증 등이 있고, 췌장의 지방조직 증가는 이러한 질환의 위험요인으로 알려져 있다. 그리고 췌장암에 대한 진단과 치료에 대한 연구는 활발히 이루어졌으나, 췌장지방증에 관한 연구 사례는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 검사의 결과로 진단된 췌장지방군과 정상대조군으로 나누어 신체 특성과 혈청학적 검사와 혈압 및 동맥경화도검사를 평가하였다. 정상대조군과 췌장지방군 사이에서 연령이나 허리둘레, 체질량 지수, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤과 LDL 콜레스테롤, 수축기와 이완기혈압, 공복혈당, 대동맥 맥파전파속도는 췌장지방군에서 높게 나타났다. 그리고 족관절상완협착비와 HDL-콜레스테롤은 낮을수록 혈관에 유해하므로 췌장지방군이 정상대조군보다 낮게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 정상대조군과 췌장지방군의 차이가 통계적으로 유의함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 복부초음파 검사에서 췌장지방증은 대사성 질환의 위험을 예측할 수 있으며 심혈관계 질환과 연관성이 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2006

The Korean genuine medicine, 'Gigukjihwangtanggami (GJT)' has long been used clinically for hypertension and various cerebrovascular diseases. However, experimental study has been carried out very little. Recently cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and immune responses may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction (CI). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GJT on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) from Cl patients. The amount of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatant was significantly increased in the LPS treated cells compared to unstimulated cells. GJT inhibited the production of $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS. The maximal inhibition rate of the $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 production by pretreatment of GJT (1 mg/ml) was $57.32{\pm}2.5%$ (p.0.05), $42.02{\pm}3.5%$ (p.0.05), $40.02{\pm}2.3%$ (p.0.05) and $48.02{\pm}3.1$, (p.0.05), respectively. In the Other hand, GJT increased the production of IL-4 and IL-10. The maximal increase rate of the IL-4 and IL-10 production by pretreatment of GJT (1 mg/ml) was $42.4{\pm}3.3%$ (p.0.05) End $56.4{\pm}2.9%$ (p.0.05), respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that GJT Ray have regulatory effects on the cytokine production and suggest that GJT might use clinically for the treatment of CI.