• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2022

For enhancing the flame-retardant properties of wallpapers, we developed an organic-inorganic hybrid solution with ZrSiO₄ as a functional ceramic powder, coated on non-woven fabric using dip coating, spray coating, and slot-die coating methods. Their flame retardant properties were characterized by a 45° combustion tester, which is manufactured according to the flame-retardant performance standard (KOFEIS 1001 and KS F 2819). In organic-inorganic hybrid solution, with increasing the concentration of acid-catalyst (acetic acid), the precipitation of ZrSiO₄ powders increased, and the flame retardant properties decreased. The highest flame retardant result was obtained for the solution adding 5 wt% acetic acid. The optimization of the coating method and coating number resulted in the most excellent flame-retardant properties being obtained for the non-woven fabric coated for 5 or 7 times by dip coating method, and their flame-retardant properties corresponded to class 2 flame-retardant performance of wallpapers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2000

Two-component polyurethane flame-retardant coatings were prepared by blending trichloro aromatic modified polyesters(TCMPs) and polyisocyanate. TCMPs were synthesized by polycondensation of trichlorobenzoic acid(TCBA), a flame-retardant component, with adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and trimethylolpropane. The content of TCBA was varied in 10, 20, and 30 wt% for the reaction. These new flame-retardant coatings showed various properties comparable to other non-flame-retardant coatings. Moreover, we carried out the combustion test and the flammability test for our flame-retardant coatings. The results of vertical burning test for the coatings containing more than 20 wt% of TCBA were determined as 'no burn'. The results of flammability test for the coatings with 20 wt% and 30 wt% of TCBA contents indicated the limiting oxygen index(LOI) values of 25% and 28% respectively, which implied relatively good flame retardancy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2011

Magnesium hydroxide as a non-halogen flame retardant has increasing attention due to its non-toxicity, high decomposition temperature and smoke suppressant ability during combustion. For the application of magnesium hydroxide retardant to the textile by soaking and coating method, the prerequisite for the coating is a small particle size, stable dispersion, and adhesion to the textile. The dispersion of $Mg(OH)_2$ particles and stability of the coating was checked by monitoring the change of transmittance and backscattering by varying the types of dispersion agents, binder, solvent, and $Mg(OH)_2$ source, and their compositions in the coating. The $Mg(OH)_2$ dispersion coating was applied to PET(poly(ethylene terephthalate)) non-woven textile. The physical properties are characterized by surface morphology, amount of coating, particle dispersion, and adhesion test. The flame retardant $Mg(OH)_2$ coated textile has been compared by limited oxygen index(LOI) and thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC). It was found that phosphorous additive may give synergistic effect on $Mg(OH)_2$ flame retardant coating to make the flame retardant PET non-woven textile.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2000

Pyrophosphoric lactone modified polyester(PATT) that contains two phosphorous functional groups in one unit base resin structure was synthesized to prepare a non-toxic reactive flame retardant coatings. Then the PATT was cured at room temperature with isocyanate, Desmodur IL, to get a two-component polyurethane flame retardant coatings(PIPUC). Comparing the physical properties of the films of PIPUC with the film of non-flame retardant coatings, there was no degradation observed in physical properties by the introduction of a flame-retarding component into the resin. We found that the char lengths measured by $45^{\circ}$Meckel burner method were $3.1{\sim}4.4cm$ and LOI values recorded $27{\sim}30%$. These results indicate that the coatings prepared in this study is good flame retardant one. The surface structure of coatings investigated with SEM does not show any defects and phase separation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

Two-component polyurethane flame retardant coatings (ATTBC) were prepared by blending polyisocyanate (TDI-adduct) with ATTBs mentioned at the previous paper. Most of the physical properties of the flame retardant coatings were comparable to those of non-flame retardant coatings. Especially, the hardness, impact resistance, and accelerated weathering resistance were remarkably improved with the increase of the content of 1,4-butanediol. Coatings containing 10 and 15 wt% 1,4-butanediol, ATTBC-10C and ATTBC-15C, were not flammable in vertical flame-retardancy test. Their char area recorded 1.1${\sim}$11.6 $cm^2$ in 45$^{\circ}$ eckel burner method.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.691-698
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• 2010

Magnesium hydroxide-melamine core-shell particles were prepared through the coating of melamine monomer on the surface of magnesium hydroxide in the presence of phosphoric acid. The melamine monomer was dissolved in hot water but recrystallized on the surface of magnesium hydroxide by quenching to room temperature in the presence of phosphoric acid. The core-shell particle was applied to low-density polyethylene/ ethylene vinyl acetate (LDPE/EVA) resin by melt-compounding at $180^{\circ}C$ as flame retardant. The effect of magnesium hydroxide and melamine content has been studied on the flame retardancy of the core-shell particles in LDPE/EVA resin according to the preparation process and purity of magnesium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide prepared with sodium hydroxide rather than with ammonia solution revealed higher flame retardancy in core-shell particles with LDPE/EVA resin. At 50 wt% loading of flame retardant, core-shell particles revealed higher flame retardancy compared to that of the exclusive magnesium hydroxide in LDPE/EVA composite, and it was possible to satisfy the V0 grade in the UL-94 vertical test. The synergistic flame retardant effect of magnesium hydroxide and melamine core-shell particles was explained as being due to the endothermic decomposition of magnesium hydroxide and melamine, which was followed by the evolution of water from the magnesium hydroxide and porous char formation due to reactive nitrogen compounds, and carbon dioxide generated from melamine.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2008

Two component polyurethane (PU) flame retardant coatings were prepared by blending trichloro modified polyesters (TCMPs) and isophorone diisocyanate isocyanurate. TCMPs were synthesized by polycondensation of trichlorobenzoic acid (TCBA), a flame retardant component, with adipic acid, 1,4 butanediol, and trimethylolpropane. The content of TCBA was varied in 10, 20, and 30 wt% for the reaction. Theses new flame retardant coatings showed various properties comparable to other non flame retardant coatings. Moreover, we carried out the combustion test and the flammability test for our flame retardant coatings. The results of vertical burning test for the coatings containing more than 20 wt% of TCBA were determined as no burn. The results of flammability test for the coatings with 20 wt% and 30 wt% of TCBA contents indicated the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of 26% and 29% respectively, which implied relatively good flame retardancy.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

In this study, water glass was applied as a coating material to a rigid polyurethane foam to improve the flame-retardant properties of the foam. The heat release rate of the cone calorimeter of the urethane foam, in which the inorganic water-glass coating layer was applied, decreased rapidly. The water glass coated on the polyurethane surface formed a glassy foam by foaming with water, which did not escape during the vitrification reaction when the foam or glass was heated. The glassy foam formed on the polyurethane foam became a fire-resistant insulation layer that inhibited the combustion of the polyurethane foam for more than 10 min. Water glass was found to improve the flame-retardant properties of the rigid polyurethane foam.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.368-374
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• 2019

Basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites with inorganic filler (BFRP-F) such as Mg(OH)₂ (magnesium hydroxide), Al(OH)₃ (aluminum hydroxide), Al₂O₃ (aluminum oxide) and AlOOH (boehmite) were prepared by hand lay-up and hot pressing. The combustive properties of BFRP-F were improved comparing with basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composite (BFRP) without inorganic filler. At a 30 wt% resin content, the limited oxygen index (LOI) of BFRP is 28.9, which is higher than that of epoxy (21.4), and the LOI of BFRP-F is higher than that of BFRP. The BFRP-F showed the lower peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke release rate (TSR) than those of BFRP. We confirmed that the flame retardant properties of the composite were improved by the addition of inorganic filler through the dehydration reaction and oxide film formation.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.642-649
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• 2021

Energy saving standard for buildings are strengthened, the application of exterior insulation finishing system and thickness of insulation materials are increasing. Most buildings with exterior insulation finishing system is applied organic insulating material. Organic insulating material have workability, economic feasibility, reduction in construction cost, and excellent thermal insulation performance. However, Organic insulating material is very vulnerable to heat, so when a fire occurs, rapid fire spread and toxic gas are generated, causing many casualties. Inorganic insulating material can be non-combustible performance, but it is heavy and has low thermal insulation performance. Mineral wool has higher thermal insulation performance than other types of inorganic insulating material, but mineral wool is disadvantageous to workability and vulnerable to moisture. Glass bubble are highly resistant to water and chemically stable substances. In addition, the density of the glass bubble is very low and the particles are spherical, fluidity is improved by the ball bearing effect. Glass bubbles can be used with cement-based ino rganic insulating material to impro ve the weight and thermal insulatio n perfo rmance o f cement-based inorganic insulation. This study produced a inorganic insulating materials were manufactured using cement-based materials and glass bubble. In order to evaluate the insulation performance and flame retardant performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials using with glass bubble, insulation performance or flame retardant and non-combustible performance were evaluated after manufacturing insulating materials using micro cement and two types of glass bubbles. From the test result, Increasing the mixing ratio of glass bubbles improved the insulation performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials, and when the mixing ratio of glass bubbles was 10%, it sho wed sufficient flame retardant and no n-co mbustible perfo rmance.