• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.340-352
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Colonic volvulus (CV), a common cause of bowel obstruction, often requires intervention. We aimed to identify hospitalization trends and CV outcomes in the United States. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample to identify all adult CV hospitalizations in the United States from 2007 to 2017. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes were highlighted. Outcomes of endoscopic and surgical management were compared. Results: From 2007 to 2017, there were 220,666 CV hospitalizations. CV-related hospitalizations increased from 17,888 in 2007 to 21,715 in 2017 (p<0.001). However, inpatient mortality decreased from 7.6% in 2007 to 6.2% in 2017 (p<0.001). Of all CV-related hospitalizations, 13,745 underwent endoscopic intervention, and 77,157 underwent surgery. Although the endoscopic cohort had patients with a higher Charlson comorbidity index, we noted lower inpatient mortality (6.1% vs. 7.0%, p<0.001), mean length of stay (8.3 vs. 11.8 days, p<0.001), and mean total healthcare charge ($68,126 vs. $106,703, p<0.001) compared to the surgical cohort. Male sex, increased Charlson comorbidity index scores, acute kidney injury, and malnutrition were associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality in patients with CV who underwent endoscopic management. Conclusions: Endoscopic intervention has lower inpatient mortality and is an excellent alternative to surgery for appropriately selected CV hospitalizations.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 1988

Cryptococcosis of central nervous system is uncommon, but fatal if untreated. We experienced a case of cryptococcal ventriculitis with hydrocephalus. The symptom was an increased intracranial pressure without meningeal irritation sign It was confirmed by pathology and cytology taken from fibrous material, which caused a obstruction of shunt catheter in the lateral ventricle. We report a case of cryptococcal ventriculitis in 6 years old male child.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

We discuss the influence of annular binary filters on the axial PSF of imaging systems which are apodized by a radiallysymmetric filter and have spherical aberration and coma. In this paper we consider a whole family of annular binary fIlters in two cases. First, the binary filters are composed of two transparent annuli of the same area. Second, the binary filters are composed of a central clear circle and a concentric annular aperture with area bigger than that of the inner circle. In order to investigate the influence of the proposed filters on the axial PSF, we may use the axial resolution gains, which evaluate in terms of the FWHM of the intensity in the focal region of an apodized imaging system in comparison with that corresponding to a nonapodized one. We evaluate the PSF for the conventional and confocal systems having an aberration. ation.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder associated with various central nervous system problems and adrenal insufficiency. It is common in childhood and symptoms include loss of previously acquired neurological abilities, seizures, ataxia, Addison's disease as well as degeneration of visual and auditory function. These children frequently require anesthesia during imagining procedure such as MRI or during some surgical procedures like gastrostomy. There is special need for careful management because of numerous anesthetic challenges like difficulty in cooperation, seizure disorders, life-threatening airway obstruction, copious oral secretion and possibility of aspiration. In addition, adrenal involvement and hypofunction must be considered for safe anesthesia management. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with ALD for dental procedures.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.251-266
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• 1997

The results are as follows. 1. Oriental medical terms which express abnormal sensations are Bulin, Mamok, Mamokbulin. 2. Bulin, Oriental medical terminology, was used from Naegyeong's era to the Song Dynasty era and expressed as one of the symptoms in Jungpung(Stroke), Bi syndrome(Obstruction syndrom of Gi and Hyeol), Wi syndrome(Flaccid paralysis of the limbs), Hyeolbi(One of the Bi syndroms). But since the Keum Dynasty era, Mamok or Mamokbulin were more used than Bulin and that was refered as seperated disease. 3. Ma is paresthesia or dysthesia on the skin and the limbs, and the symtoms are not itchy, patients are felt like insect's crawling or bite. Mok is a stubborn symptom , the patients are felt like tree, which don't know pain and itching sensation. And therefore Ma is similar to positive phenomena and Mok is similar to negative phenomena in clinical aspect. 4. Mamok is GiHyeol(Gi is functional activities, Hyeol is blood) and Gyeonglak(Meridian system)'s disease. It's main causes are Giheo(Deficiency of Gi) and Hyeolhel(dificiency of Blood) and inducing tactors are Pung-Han-Seub(pathogenic wind-cold-dump) and Damtak(Phlegm-turbity), Eohyeol(Stagnated blood). 5. Mamok is induced from mononeuritis, multiple mononeuritis, polyneuropathy in the peripheral nervous lesions and also induced from cervical spondylosis, spinal tumour, multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal vascular disease in central nervous systems.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.238-248
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• 2015

Sleep related breathing disorders(SRBDs) are a group of diseases accompanied by difficulties in respiration and ventilation during sleep. Central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), sleep-related hypoventilation, and hypoxemia disorder are included in this disease entity. OSA is known to be the most common SRBDs and studies show its significant correlation with general health problems including hypertension, arrhythmia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The diagnostic process of OSA is composed of physical examinations of the head and neck area and also the oral cavity. Radiologic studies including cephalography, CT, MRI, and fluoroscopy assist in identifying the site of obstruction. However, polysomnography(PSG) is still considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSA since it offers both qualitative and quantitative recording of the events during a whole night's sleep. The dentist who is trained in sleep medicine can easily identify patients with the risk of OSA starting from simple questions and screening questionnaires. Diagnosis is the first step to treatment and considering the high rate of under-diagnosis for OSA the dentist may play a substantial role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA which will eventually lead to the well-being of the patient as a whole person. So the objective of this article is to assist dental professionals in gaining knowledge and insight of the diagnostic measures for OSA including PSG.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2019

The first case of the Central Environmental Dispute Mediation Committee, which recently decided to repay the builder for damaging the solar power plant due to the obstruction of the sunshine of new buildings, came out. Even if the Respondent complies with the provisions of the Building Act, the decision of the Complainant can be considered to have been made in light of the fact that the applicant's power plant has suffered from sunlight damage. However, since the extent of the damage may differ depending on the weather, the decision is reserved, and there is room for additional disputes on a regular basis because the loss of power generation to be continuously generated is not reflected in the future. Therefore, in this study, we try to find the direction of dispute adjustment by summarizing the issues related to the generation of power generation due to the influence of shading through the analysis of the case of dispute related to sunlight related to the PV system.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.449-453
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• 2007

Totally implanted central venous access devices for chemotherapy (chemoport) are being used increasingly in lung cancer patients. Vascular catheters are associated with various complications including infection, thrombosis as well as spontaneous fractures and embolization of the catheter, which is known as 'pinch-off syndrome'. 'Pinch-off syndrome' refers to the compression of a subclavian central venous catheter between the clavicle and first rib resulting in an intermittent or permanent obstruction, which can lead to tears, transection, or embolization. We report two cases of fractured and embolized implanted subclavian venous catheters in which the fragments were removed percutaneously. A 62-year-old man presented with back pain with a duration of a few weeks. The chest radiograph revealed complete transsection and embolization of the catheter into the right atrium. In addition, a 47-year-old woman with a chemoport had a grade 3 pinch-off sign in a chest radiograph demonstrating complete transsection and embolization of the catheter into the pulmonary artery. Both cases were managed by retrieving the embolized distal fragment percutaneously and removing the proximal section of the catheter.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Under some pathological conditions as bile flow obstruction or liver diseases with the enterohepatic circulation being disrupted, regurgitation of bile acids into the systemic circulation occurs and the plasma level of bile acids increases. Bile acids in circulation may affect the nervous system. We examined this possibility by studying the effects of bile acids on gating of neuronal (N)-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel that is essential for neurotransmitter release at synapses of the peripheral and central nervous system. N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents were recorded from bullfrog sympathetic neuron under a cell-attached mode using 100 mM $Ba^{2+}$ as a charge carrier. Cholic acid (CA, $10^{-6}M$) that is relatively hydrophilic thus less cytotoxic was included in the pipette solution. CA suppressed the open probability of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel, which appeared to be due to an increase in (no activity) sweeps. For example, the proportion of sweep in the presence of CA was ~40% at +40 mV as compared with ~8% in the control recorded without CA. Other single channel properties including slope conductance, single channel current amplitude, open and shut times were not significantly affected by CA being present. The results suggest that CA could modulate N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel gating at a concentration as low as $10^{-6}M$. Bile acids have been shown to activate nonselective cation conductance and depolarize the cell membrane. Under pathological conditions with increased circulating bile acids, CA suppression of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel function may be beneficial against overexcitation of the synapses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.857-862
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• 1999

In contrast to juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, which occurs most often in children and teenagers and is usually self limited, soliatry papillomas in adults are one of uncommon tumors of airway, and have a higher incidence of cancer. They are caused by the respiratory infection of human papilloma virus(HPV). They could spread to more distal airways and have a tendency of recurrence after limited surgical excision. Recently endoscopic therapies such as Nd-YAG laser, electrocautery, and cryotherapy provide extremely effective treatment modalities. We report a case of solitary tracheal papillomas in a 48 year-old man who presented with cough, scanty hemoptysis, and functional evidence of central airway obstruction. He was successfully treated by a Nd-YAG laser therapy via fiberoptic bronchoscopy under the local anesthesia.