• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2015

This research explores diachronic fashion design trends through a structure analysis of a connection network based on fashion show concepts implemented by modern fashion designers from S/S 2009 to F/W 2013. The findings from this research are as follows. First, four categories affect the inspiration and thinking of design: the experience of the designer, social atmosphere and phenomena, natural sensitivity (or formative characteristics of natural objects), and the influence and quality of other fields. Second, in cases where the designers' experiences influenced design inspiration and thinking, designers express personal memories with keywords like high school, grandmother's closet, prom, beauty and the beast, heritage, past, and reminiscence through design elements such as lines, silhouettes, materials, and colors. Third, the representative example of the social atmosphere and phenomena that influenced design inspiration and thinking was the 2008 Global Financial Crisis that reflected the social climate through design concepts of keywords such as Recession, Black, Economy, US, Depression, Gray, Dark Age, White and New York. Fourth, inspired by nature and the formative characteristics in design, the designers employed ornamental elements to collections and design concepts that focused on nature words connected to light, sun, wild, dirt, rock, moss, and trees. Fifth, the designers took their ideas from different fields of personal interest in the arts, science and humanities (sports, architecture, sculpture, painting, and literature) that were decisive in determining materials, design colors and silhouettes. The theme of architecture was analyzed as a central element that had an ongoing impact on the concepts of designers.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2003

우리나라 참다래 주요 재배지인 전남과 경남 그리고 제주지역의 16개 포장에서 임의로 수집한 1600개 참다래 과실의 평균 저장병 발병율은 32.0%로 나타났지만, 저장병 발병율은 수확한 과수원에 따라서 5%에서 68%까지 다양했다. 저장병에 걸린 참다래 과실 중에서 15.4%가 외부 병징, 68.4%가 내부 병징을 나타내었고, 외부와 내부 모두에 병징을 나타내는 것은 16.2%였다. 저장병에 걸린 과실들에서 병원균의 검출율은 분리한 지역에 따라 차이가 있었으며, Botryosphaeria dothidea가 83.3%, Diaporthe actinidiae는 11.9%, Botrytis cinerea가 1.4%의 검출율을 보여 주요 저장병원균으로 밝혀졌다. 참다래 주요 저장병원균으로 확인된 B. dothidea와 D. actinidiae에 의해 발생하는 참다래 주요 저장병을 과실에 나타난 각 병징과 각 병원균들의 특성을 고려하여 과숙썩음병과 과실꼭지썩음병으로 각각 구분하여 명명하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

Ultrasonographic study was undertaken to establish the echogenecity and size of reproductive organs of 18 cycling buffaloes of different parities and compared with the sizes measured by palpation per rectum at estrus (day 0), met estrus (day 2), mid diestrus (day 10) and late diestrus (day 16). The overall mean size of cervix, uterine body, right horn, left horn, right ovary and left ovary measured by palpation per rectum were 2.70$\pm$0.43, 2.36$\pm$0.36, 2.17$\pm$0.37, 2.12$\pm$0.38, 2.63$\pm$0.41 and 2.72$\pm$0.37 cm, respectively. The corresponding ultrasonographic observations were 2.10$\pm$0.40, 1.85$\pm$0.30, 1.73$\pm$0.36, 1.64$\pm$0.37, 2.16$\pm$0.36 and 2.29$\pm$0.38 cm respectively. Variations in the size of genitalia due to stages of estrous cycle were non-significant. The size of genitalia measured by palpation per rectum was significantly higher (p<0.05) than by ultrasonography. However, there was linear positive correlation (r=+0.87) in the measurements by the two techniques. The ultrasonographic characteristics of tubular genitalia revealed different echogenic gray shades around the nonechogenic (black) central area of lumen depending upon the stage of cycle. The ovarian stroma appeared as hyperechoic (white) area with nonechogenic (black) follicle. The corpus luteum (CL) exhibited different echogenic texture viz. grayish black, grayish granular and grayish white at met estrus, mid diestrus and late diestrus, respectively. Therefore, ltrasonography can be effectively employed to record the exact size and echotexture of the buffalo genitalia during different stages of estrous cycle.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.514-550
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• 1996

There are many theory in acupuncture mechanism, so we must know the detail contents. and then we can use the acupuncture as we know. the follow article will be helpful in this part. 1. Spinal cord are role in intermediate part in somatosensorypathway also in acupuncture stumulating tract 2. Acute pain pathway started in laminae I, V of gray colmn, next are the spinothalamic tract(trigeminal spinothalamic tract in above neck part) and then go to the specific thalamic nucleus. but chronic pain in laminae II, III, VI, VII, next are spinoreticular tract(trigeminal spinoreticular tract in the neck part) and finally to the nonspecific thalamic nucleus. 3. Thalamus is very important area in somatosensory stimuation including acupuncture stumulating sensory also as a pain control center. but except this, there are Hypothalamus, Limbic system Cerebral cortex and Cerebellum as intermediator. as we Know hypothalamus is related to the emotional analgesic system with a limbic system. 4. A ${\delta$ fiber has relationship in Acute, sharp and initial pain, contrary this C fiber is related with Chronic, dull and last pain. 5. In Acupuncture mechanism of pain analgesia, there are two theory, one is gate control theory as large fiber another is stimuation produced analgesia as small diameter fier. 6. In DNIC, the stimulation sources are mechanical, thermal, heating, pain and acupuncture stimulation etc. we call these as a Heterotopic Noxious Stimulation. 7. In DNIC, SRD(Subnucleus reticularis dorsalis)is core nucleus in pain imtermediated analgesic mechanism. 8. Takeshige insisted nonacupuncture point dependent analgesic mechanism and acupuncture point dependent analgesic mechanism. and protested that Stimulation acupuncture piing evoke blocking nomacupuncture point analgesic pathway.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2011

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurologic symptoms and encephalopathy. ADEM is considered an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by an environmental stimulus in genetically susceptible individuals. The diagnosis of ADEM is based on clinical and radiological features. Most children with ADEM initially present with fever, meningeal signs, and acute encephalopathy. The level of consciousness ranges from lethargy to frank coma. Deep and subcortical white-matter lesions and gray-matter lesions such as thalami and basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with ADEM. In a child who presents with signs of encephalitis, bacterial and viral meningitis or encephalitis must be ruled out. Sequential MRI is required to confirm the diagnosis of ADEM, as relapses with the appearance of new lesions on MRI may suggest either multiphasic ADEM or multiple sclerosis (MS). Pediatric MS, defined as onset of MS before the age of 16, is being increasingly recognized. MS is characterized by recurrent episodes of demyelination in the CNS separated in space and time. The McDonald criteria for diagnosis of MS include evidence from MRI and allow the clinician to make a diagnosis of clinically definite MS on the basis of the interval preceding the development of new white matter lesions, even in the absence of new clinical findings. The most important alternative diagnosis to MS is ADEM. At the initial presentation, the 2 disorders cannot be distinguished with certainty. Therefore, prolonged follow-up is needed to establish a diagnosis.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2005

The process of embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid sea star Asterias amurensis $(U{\ddot{u}}tken)$ was observed, with special attention paid to morphological change and larval duration. In reproductive season, mature sea stars were collected under floating net cages, located in Tongyeong, southern Korea. The mature eggs are $138\;{\mu}m$ in average diameter, semi-translucent and orange in color, sperms in good condition appear light cream to white-gray in color. Embryos develop through the holoblastic equal cleavage stage and a wrinkled blastula stage that lasts about 9 hours after fertilization. Gastrulae bearing an expanded archenteron hatch from the fertilization envelope 22 hours after fertilization. At the end of gastrulation, rudiments of the left and right coelom are formed. By day 2, larvae possess complete alimentary canal and begin to feed. At this stage, the larva is called early bipinnaria. In 6-day-old larvae, the pre- and post- oral ciliated bands form complete circuits and the bipinnarial processes start to develop. By day 12, the lateral and anterior projection of the larval wall processes along the ciliated bands begins to thicken and curl, and the ciliated bands become more prominent. By day 32, early brachiolaria are presented with three pairs of brachiolar arms. Advanced brachiolaria with a well-developed brachiolar complex (three pairs of brachia and central adhesive disc) occur 6 weeks after fertilization. In the field, spawning of the sea star was observed in April to May, settlement form larvae and just settlements seem to occur from June to July, and early juveniles occur from August to September. Although we had not described the end of brachiolaria stage, it can be tentatively estimated that the duration of the pelagic stage of A. amurensis is 40 to 50 days.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 선형 변환을 이용한 레지스트레이션의 정확도를 높이는데 있다. 서로 다른 개인간의 뇌영상을 비교분석하기 위해서는 공통된 좌표계로 각 영상을 변환하는 작업이 필요하다 정확한 변환을 위해서는 전체적인 뇌영상의 매치와 국소적 영역의 매치가 모두 중요하다 일반적으로 상호정보를 이용한 레지스트레이션은 전체적인 뇌영상을 매치시키는데 유리하다. 그러나 관심영역에 대한 매치는 특징기반 레지스트레이션 방법이 더 유리하다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 통합 레지스트레이션은 특징정보와 더불어 복셀기반의 상호정보를 함께 사용하였다. 이러한 접근 방법은 정신분열증을 판단하는 기준으로 많이 사용되는 뇌량을 포함하는 뇌의 중심부분의 매칭에 유리함을 실험을 통해 확인하였다 상호정보만을 사용하는 복셀기반 레지스트레이션이나 탈라이락 좌표계를 이용한 정규화에 비해 본 연구의 통합 레지스트레이션은 전체적 뇌영상 뿐만 아니라 관심 영역에서의 레지스트레이션 오차가 더 작았다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.261-276
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• 2000

본 실험은 pseudorabies 바이러스 (PRV) 의 Bartha strain 을 안면신경의 측두지, 하지를 지배하는 신경 (좌골신경) 및 상지를 지배하는 신경 (요골, 척골, 정중신경) 에 주입한 후 4 일간의 생존시간이 경과한 후 척수와 뇌를 적출하여 동결절편을 제작한 후 면역조직화학적 염색기법과 X-gal 조직화학 염색법을 시행하여 염색된 신경세포체를 척수와 뇌에 투사된 공통영역을 관찰하고 두침의 영역중 하나인 운동구와 사지와의 관계에 대한 실험적 증거를 제시하고자 시행하였다. 위의 실험에서 얻어진 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 안면신경의 측두지, 하지를 지배하는 신경 (좌골신경) 및 상지를 지배하는 신경 (요골, 측골, 정중신경) 에서 투사된 공통된 영역은 척수에서 경수의 층판 1-IV, 흉수의 intermediolateral nucleus(IML), dorsal nucleus(D) 및 층판 X, 요수의 층판 IV, V, 천수의 층판 IV, V, IX, X 등의 영역에서 관찰되었고, 뇌줄기에서는 caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus(CVL), nucleus solitary tract(Sol), rostroventrolateral nucleus(RVL), area postrema(AP), raphe nuclei(raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus), inferior olivary nucleus 의 등쪽부분 (gigantocellular reticular nucleus, Gi), Kolliker-Fuse nucleus(KF), central gray(CG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and A5 영역에 표지된다. 또한 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PRV) 와 lateral hypothalamic reticular nucleus(LH)에서도 관찰되고 locus coeruleus(LC) 와 subcoeruleus nuc!eus(SubCA) 에서도 관찰된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom acupuncture at Shinsu($BL_{23}$) and Daejangsu($BL_{25}$) on neuropathic pain induced by tibial and sural nerve injury in rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain model was made by partial resection of tibial and sural nerve. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, bee venom acupuncture was firstly injected at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$, then we measured withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. Bee venom acupunctures were injected 6times on every 2days. Measurement of withdrawal responses were conducted on the same days. After bee venom acupuncture injection, expression levels of c-Fos, nocieptin and KOR-3 were observed through using immunohistochemistry. Results : In this experiment, bee venom acupunctures at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$ decreased levels of withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation respectively. In addtion, expression levels of c-Fos, nociceptin and KOR-3 in central gray part of brain in rats were decreased by bee venom acupuncture. Conclusions : These results imply that bee venom acupuncture was useful to treat patients with neuropathic pain, and related mechanisms were involved in opioid and their receptors such as nociceptin and KOR-3.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.512-527
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• 2018

This review provides a comprehensive overview of brain imaging studies of the brain-gut interaction in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Functional neuroimaging studies during gut stimulation have shown enhanced brain responses in regions related to sensory processing of the homeostatic condition of the gut (homeostatic afferent) and responses to salience stimuli (salience network), as well as increased and decreased brain activity in the emotional response areas and reduced activation in areas associated with the top-down modulation of visceral afferent signals. Altered central regulation of the endocrine and autonomic nervous responses, the key mediators of the brain-gut axis, has been demonstrated. Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging reported abnormal local and global connectivity in the areas related to pain processing and the default mode network (a physiological baseline of brain activity at rest associated with self-awareness and memory) in FGIDs. Structural imaging with brain morphometry and diffusion imaging demonstrated altered gray- and white-matter structures in areas that also showed changes in functional imaging studies, although this requires replication. Molecular imaging by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography in FGIDs remains relatively sparse. Progress using analytical methods such as machine learning algorithms may shift neuroimaging studies from brain mapping to predicting clinical outcomes. Because several factors contribute to the pathophysiology of FGIDs and because its population is quite heterogeneous, a new model is needed in future studies to assess the importance of the factors and brain functions that are responsible for an optimal homeostatic state.