• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the function of "Chang-Won-Seo" which is one of government organizations in charge of landscape architecture during Chosun-Dynasty This study is based on the analysis of historic documents published by the government offices during Chosen-dynasty. The landscape architectural administration during Chosun-Dynasty was mainly undertaken by the Ministry of Industry in both central and local government. Especially, the government office titled "Seon-Gong-Gam" under the Ministry of Industry was in charge of landscape construction. There were seven divisions under the "Chang-Won-Seo" and three divisions such as "Kwa-Won-Saek" , "Saeng-Gwa-Saek" and "Keon-Gwa-Saek" took charge of main part of the work. "Kwa-Won-Saek" was In charge of the management of public fruit gardens and lotus ponds constructed in Han-Yang(Seoul) in order to harvest fruit and edible lotus seeds. "Saeng-Gwa-Saek" was responsible for the supply of fresh fruits to the royal family and the government offices while "Keon-Gwa-Saek" took charge of supplying them with dried fruits. In view of the responsibilities of three divisions, it is concluded that the function of "Chang-Won-Seo" was not to construct and manage the pleasure gardens controlled by the government. but to manage the public fruit gardens and to supply the royal family and the government offices with fresh and dried fruits.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2004

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135${\times}$N134 and N137${\times}$C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135${\times}$N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137${\times}$C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16${\times}$CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid $KA{\times}{NB_4}{D_2}$ and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2${\times}$CSR4. The hybrid CSR16${\times}$CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1991

On the stage of transition from highly centralized government to local self-government in Korea, administrating practice characteristics of the directors of Health Centers is essentially required to be found. This study was conducted in order to find the administration patte군 of the directors of Health Centers in Korea and their opinion on the environment of health administration including personnel management regime for them. The materials were collected from 149 directors of Health Centers with a structured questionaire by mailing. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1. About two-thirds of the directors(69.1%) make plan through the consensus between public service perosonnel in programme department and them in budgt control department. And 75.0% of the directors maintain the planed by the predecessor. 2. More than two-thirds of the directors (71.1%) take subordinates opinion into consideration in case of the programmes facing objections. 3. When the directors face obstacles in pursuing health programmes they usually consult other public service personnel than inhabitants. 4. Only 10.8% of the directors were satisfied with the support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for health administration while more than half of them were satisfied with the support of health institution in higher level. 5. The directors evaluated the job attitude of the public service personnel in low level as more favorable than that of there higher level public service personnel who work for central government. 6. Only 18.1% of the idrectors were satisfied with their saley. And more than half of them expect the promotion of their position. On the ground of this result the administration attitude of the directors of Health Centers would be evaluated as improved and as more positive than that of other public service personnel in health authorities. However, they are required to consult the inhabitants more frequently for health administration. An the public service personnel in high level who work for central government are required to improve their job attitude.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.235-246
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• 2003

Due to major disasters Korea has been damaged, and they caused lots of casualties: for last ten years natural disasters caused 1288 deaths including missing people; human disasters including industrial disasters brought as many as 4,512.148 casual ties (126,372 deaths with 4,385,400 injuries); and they cost 44.1 trillion property damage. However, even though major disasters have brought about tremendous human loss and property damage, Koreas National Disaster Medical System to rescue casualties is insufficient, and it has not been activated. Fortunately, through major disaster management process, the National Disaster Management System has been developed, increasing its own efficiency, and resulting in to organize an Office of Firefighting and Prevention of Disasters under the central government. Considering the value of human lives, the disaster medical part, in the U.S.A. as well as in Korea, must have an independent organization in the government, not as one sector of the government department. It will have its own organizational structure, such as disaster planning, operation, and logistics, and interact with central and local government or between local government agencies. So each agency will cooperate and supply resources interchangeably. Also, with the system of disaster management and restoration, the disaster medical system must be advanced in keeping step. Its role must be extended due to the possibility of biological terror or SARS around the world, resulting in severe casualties. Korea has the Emergency Medical Service System based on the regulation of emergency medical care, yet it is a part of the National Disaster Management System. It must be managed independently apart from it. As we see the emergency medical technicians playing as the backbone in disaster medical care in the US, we should have legal foundations for Koreas emergency medical technicians, emergency medical providers, to participate in rescue operation actively. At the same time, we need to have a national register system to classify disaster medical resources, and a total plan to place resources according to the impact of disaster, and how to organize teams. We also need to draw up a scheme to activate civil disaster medical resources, as integrating public and private or voluntary organizations.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.257-270
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• 2009

The central government in Korea has pursued a policy to privatize municipal solid waste treatment facilities in order to enhance the effectiveness of public financial management in recent years. To understand the intentions of local governments on this policy, the survey with questionnaires on 37 out of 256 local governments was made in October, 2007. The results were analyzed and compared in 6 classified policy areas. The results showed that local government had enough financial status to operate the facilities with proper services and had the opinion with positive management in finance with increasing rate of prospective views. Among the facilities operated by local governments, the satisfaction levels for landfill(46.2%) and incineration(40.0%) were relatively higher. However those for recycling and food waste resource facilities were not satisfied with showing lower rate of satisfaction. The priority of privatization in consideration among them were following in order of food waste resource plants(76.2%), incinerators(63.6%), and recycling facilities(53.9%) and the most considerable reason to privatize them was due to resolve financial problems(59.7%). They thought and expected that the privatization would provide cost reduction effects in local governments and also be easier to achieve the environmental goals. To enhance such privatization, expanding more incentives by central government would be essential as shown in the investigation of this survey.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2004

This paper aims to identify the role of local governments in building regional innovation system. The central government has recently decided to support the promotion of innovation capacities of local innovators and innovation networks among thor The central government forces local governments to establish the council for regional innovation in order to implement these goals. Meanwhile, there is no consensus about the way in which the council for regional innovations constitute and operate. I think it is the time for us to talk about this seriously. It is widely conceived that local governments in Korea have still been hierarchical. Thus, they would be difficult to make the decision effectively on regional innovation and development initiatives. In this context, I suggest that the regional innovation promoting agency needs to take authorities to secure transparency and autonomy in planning, implementing, evaluating regional innovation initiatives. The local government no! ed to play a central role in establishing the agency. However, the local government should not try to intervene and control its operations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.124-136
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• 2016

Because of continuous outbreaks of disasters and emergencies, the importance of government crisis management has been increased. This study analyzed the Korean government's response messages during the 2015 MERS outbreak, which was an emergency issue that showed a great ripple effect. According to the three diffusion phases of MERS, the semantic network analysis of 134 press releases on the central and local governments' official web sites of MERS was conducted. The results showed that during the early stage of MERS, the central government misperceived the crisis situation, and as a result, specific and enough information was not provided promptly regarding a list of hospitals with known MERS exposure and prevention method. During MERS diffusion and decline stages, Seoul and Gyeonggi-do provided more specific and actionable messages than the central government. This study was meaningful in that it analyzed and evaluated crisis communication messages during an outbreak of the infectious disease. The findings of this study provide useful implications for government officials in their crisis management and communication strategy during emergency risk situations.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.315-344
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• 2012

Each country has set low-carbon green growth to a new growth drive for the future while making various efforts. Accordingly, our country also set green growth to our policy task in top priority throughout our country while initiating various policies. Our country has focused on initiating a few policies in green growth. Our country has focused on the development of green industries to secure our national competitiveness while generating added values in green growth. It is necessary to have studies in initiating policies in balance when we consider that green growth should be initiated through the shift over the whole lifestyle. On the other hand, policies led and driven by the central government have been emphasized. Although the planning and establishment of policies might be said to fall under the central government's main areas, green growth policies can be realized regionally in the end. Considering these circumstances, the coordination in a proper way between the central government and each municipality can also be seen as major characteristics only in our country, which can be hardly seen in other countries. This study aims at developing the initiative strategies in our country's green logistics while analyzing the characteristics of green growth and situations of green logistics initiative, studying the government's policies to support green logistics, reviewing the government's policies for supports, and suggesting alternatives for them.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-39
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• 2007

Korean port developments have been mostly made by the central government. With the introduction of the Port Authority system, however, roles and function assignments of the central government in port development have been in change and the Port Authority has to find a solution for inducement of private investment in port development. This paper has examined the current legal system of port developments and then sought the way for inducement of private capital to improve specialty and efficiency of harbor facilities management and development under Port Authority. As the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and fisheries(MMAF) has two types of legal system for inducement of private investment on port developments, the Port Authorities can also have two types of private finance. Private finances by the Port Authorities has some more critical advantages than the one by the central government. It is also required to change the the administrative permissions and concession agreements which MMAF conveyed to private participants in port developments into the concession agreements between Port Authorities and private participants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.143-154
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• 2013

This study reviewed reorganization of bureaucrats in the beginning of Lee Myung bak's government from the perspective of the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats. In other words, it analyzed the reorganization of central office group of Korean government in 2008 as the relationship between calling to account by politicians and avoiding calling to account by bureaucrats. Conclusively, first, separation or abolition of a certain organization was resulted from calling to account by president (the ruling party). Second, merging organizations was done because president wanted strong control on that agency or he wanted to realize presidential election pledge (policy) through the agency. Third, if an organization was not changed even though it was selected as the target of abolition, it meant that the organization succeeded in defense. As seen from the above cases, it was found that politicians and bureaucrats played a kind of game for reorganization of government organizations. First of all, if politicians succeeded in calling to account, the bureaucratic organization was separated or abolished. If bureaucrats succeeded in self defense, the organization became expanded. Finally, if both parties were even, corresponding organizations would not have changes.