• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.377-411
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• 2021

본 연구는 교수학습 맥락에서 수학교사의 중심신념과 주변신념의 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목적을 위해 본 연구는 고등학교 현직교사 8명을 대상으로 가상의 수학 수업 동영상을 활용하여 수학적 신념 측면에서 교사 노티싱(noticing)을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 노티싱하는 교사는 동영상 속 수업교사의 교수학습 문제 상황에 대하여 자신의 수학적 신념을 반영하여 비판하고, 교수학습 대안을 제시하였다. 그리고, 본 연구의 노티싱 분석은 '교수학습의 학생참여'와 같은 특정 노티싱 주제에 반영된 교사들의 수학적 신념을 비교하여 교사 개인의 상대적 중심신념과 주변신념을 드러내었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 노티싱을 활용하여 교수학습 맥락의 제약조건에서 수학교사의 중심신념과 주변신념을 추출하는 모형을 제안하였으며 부가적으로 수학교사의 교수학습-의사결정-전문성을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2008

IT education can be summarized as persuading the educatee to accept IT. The persuasion is made by delivering the messages for how-to-use and where-to-use to the educatee, which leads formulation of a belief structure for using IT. Therefore, message based persuasion theory, as well as IT acceptance theories such as technology acceptance model(TAM), would play a very important role for explaining IT education. According to elaboration likelihood model(ELM) that has been considered as one of the most influential persuasion theories, people change attitude or perception by two routes, central route and peripheral route. In central route, people would think critically about issue-related arguments in an informational message. In peripheral route, subjects rely on cues regarding the target behavior with less cognitive efforts. Moreover, such persuasion process is not a one-shot program but continuous repetition with feedbacks, which leads to changing a belief structure for using IT. An educatee would get more knowledge and experiences of using IT as following an education program, and be more dependent on a central route than a peripheral route. Such change would reformulate a belief structure which is different from the intial one. The objectives of this study are the following two: First, an identification of the relationship between ELM and belief structures for using IT. Especially, we analyze the effects of message interpretation through both of central and peripheral routes on perceived usefulness which is an important explaining variable in TAM and perceived use control which have perceived ease of use and perceived controllability as sub-dimensions. Second, a longitudinal analysis of the above effects. In other words, change of the relationship between interpretation of message delivered by IT education and beliefs of IT using is analyzed longitudinally. For achievement of our objectives, we suggest a research model, which is constructed as three-layered. While first layer has a dependent variable, use intention, second one has perceived usefulness and perceived use control that has two sub-concepts, perceived ease of use and perceived controllability. Finally, third one is related with two routes in ELM, source credibility and argument quality which are operationalization of peripheral route and central route respectively. By these variables, we suggest five hypotheses. In addition to relationship among variables, we suggest two additional hypotheses, moderation effects of time in the relationships between perceived usefulness and two routes. That is, source credibility's influence on perceived usefulness is decreased as time flows, and argument quality's influence is increased. For validation of it, our research model is tested empirically. With measurements which have been validated in the other studies, we survey students in an Excel class two times for longitudinal analysis. Data Analysis is done by partial least square(PLS), which is known as an appropriate approach for multi-group comparison analysis with a small sized sample as like this study. In result. all hypotheses are statistically supported. One of theoretical contributions in this study is an analysis of IT education based on ELM and TAM which are considered as important theories in psychology and IS theories respectively. A longitudinal analysis by comparison between two surveys based on PLS is also considered as a methodological contribution. In practice, finding the importance of peripheral route in early stage of IT education should be notable.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2002

인간에 의해 형성된 공동체와 그 공동체를 중심으로 이루어지는 독특한 신앙체계는 인간이 특정 지역을 점유하고 살아가면서 자연스럽게 발현된 하나의 공간적 행태라고 정리할 수 있다. 따라서 민간신앙의 하나인 공동체 신앙은 마을이라는 공간을 점유하고 발현되었다는 점에서 전통 사회 마을 구성원의 공간인식을 내재하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전통마을에 나타나는 공동체 신앙의 특성을 공간적 관c점에서 해석하는 것을 주목적으로 설정하였으며, 연구지역으로는 전통문화마을로 지정된 전라남도 장흥군 방촌마을을 사례로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째. 연구지역인 방촌마을은 내동, 계춘, 탑동, 호동. 호산, 산저, 신기의 7개 자연마을로 구성되어 있으며, 각각의 마을의 입지과정은 고려시대 이후 시공간적으로 차별성을 가지고 진행되어 왔다. 둘째, 방촌마을의 공동체 신앙은 크게 7개의 입석과 돌장승, 별신제터와 허제비골로 구분할 수 있다. 셋째. 방촌마을 공동체 신앙은 크게 마을과 마을의 경계 표시, 마을의 존재를 외부에 알리는 기능, 마을의 중심공간 표시, 마을의 입구와 외곽 경계 표시라는 공간적인 의미를 갖는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 전통마을에 나타나는 공동체 신앙은 민속학적인 측면에서 해석하는 신앙과 상징이라는 의미 이외에. 과거 전통사회 자연마을의 공간구조를 파악하게 해주는 지시자 역할을 한다고 할 수 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.643-652
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• 2018

Dysarthria is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the control of articulation and pitch; therefore, it affects the uniqueness of sound produced by the speaker. Hence, dysarthric speaker recognition is a challenging task. In this paper, a feature-extraction method based on deep belief networks is presented for the task of identifying a speaker suffering from dysarthria. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated and compared with well-known Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features. For classification purposes, the use of a multi-layer perceptron neural network is proposed with two structures. Our evaluations using the universal access speech database produced promising results and outperformed other baseline methods. In addition, speaker identification under both text-dependent and text-independent conditions are explored. The highest accuracy achieved using the proposed system is 97.3%.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the teacher belief related to children literacy between Korea and U.S.A. using the quantitative research. The instrument for this study was constructed with 35 Likert-scaled questions in a survey questionnaire. Additionally, this study found that there existed significant difference with 20 questions between Korea and U.S.A. based on teacher's belief related to children's literacy and relationship between teachers who learns the whole language and the scores of teacher beliefs about literacy in the research. Seventy-six teachers who work at early childhood settings in State College, Bellefonte, Pleasant Gap, and Lemont in Central Pennsylvania participated in U.S.A. and ninety-one teachers who work at early childhood setting in Seoul and Pusan in Korea participated in this survey. This research has provided a framework for investigating the teacher beliefs about teaching literacy in order to discover the whole language effect on the system of teacher beliefs. This study focused on teacher beliefs towards the whole language approach between Korea and U.S.A.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6365-6373
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco consumption has become pandemic, and is estimated to have killed 100 million people in the 20th century worldwide. Some 700,000 out of 5.4 million deaths due to tobacco use were from India. The era of global modernization has led to an increase in the involvement of women in tobacco consumption in the low income and middle-income countries. Tobacco consumption by females is known to have grave consequences. Objectives: To assess: (1) the tobacco use among urban and rural women; (2) the discrepancy in the knowledge, belief and behavior towards tobacco consumption among urban and rural women in Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan, Chhattisgarh, Central India. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 2,000 18-25 year old young women from Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan, Chhattisgarh, Central India, from both urban and rural areas. Data were collected using a pretested, anonymous, extensive face to face interview by a female investigator to assess the tobacco use among women and the discrepancy in the knowledge, belief and behavior towards tobacco consumption among urban and rural individuals. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 47.2%. Tobacco consumption among rural women was 54.4% and in urban women was 40%. The majority of the women from urban areas (62.8%) were smokers whilst rural women (77.4%) showed preponderance toward smokeless tobacco use. Urban women had a better knowledge and attitude towards harms from tobacco and its use than the rural women. Women in rural areas had higher odds (1.335) of developing tobacco habit than the urban women. Conclusions: Increased tobacco use by women poses very severe hazards to their health, maternal and child health, and their family health and economic well-being. Due to the remarkably complex Indian picture of female tobacco use, an immediate and compulsory implementation of tobacco control policies laid down by t he WHO FCTC is the need of the hour.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2002

The purpose of this study through ethnographic inquiry is to describe how an elementary teacher teaches mathematics with understanding. The ways that teachers'beliefs affect instructional activities, what means understanding from the view of cognitive psychology, and ethnographic research tradition were reviewed to anchor theoretical background of this study. A third-grade teacher and his 45 students were selected in order to capture vivid and thick descriptions of the teaching and learning activities of mathematics. Three major sources of data, that is, participant-observation with video taping, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and his students, and a variety of official documents were collected. These data were analyzed through two phases: data analysis in the field and after the fieldwork. According to data analysis, ‘teaching mathematics with understanding’ was identified as the teachers central belief of teaching mathematics. In order to implement his belief in teaching practices, the teacher made use of three strategies: ⑴ valuing individual student's own way of understanding, ⑵ bring students' everyday experiences into mathematics classroom, and ⑶ lesson objectivies stated by students. It is suggested for future research that concrete and specific norms of mathematics classroom for the improvement of mathematics understanding are needed to be identified and that experienced and skillful teachers' practical knowledge should be incorporated with theories of teaching mathematics and necessarily paid more attention by mathematics educators.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2018

To combat the adverse impact imposed by illumination variation in the face recognition process, an effective and feasible algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an enhanced local texture feature is presented by applying the central symmetric encode principle on the fused component images acquired from the wavelet decomposition. Then the proposed local texture features are combined with Deep Belief Network (DBN) to gain robust deep features of face images under severe illumination conditions. Abundant experiments with different test schemes are conducted on both CMU-PIE and Extended Yale-B databases which contain face images under various illumination condition. Compared with the DBN, LBP combined with DBN and CSLBP combined with DBN, our proposed method achieves the most satisfying recognition rate regardless of the database used, the test scheme adopted or the illumination condition encountered, especially for the face recognition under severe illumination variation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.902-905
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• 2006

중심 정맥 도관술은 미숙아들의 출생과 생존율의 증가로 현재 신생아실에서 많이 시행 되고 있는 수기이며, 최근 중심 정맥 카테터 사용이 증가함에 따라 혈전이나 색전, 혈관 손상과 파열, 흉막 삼출, 화학적 폐렴과 같은 합병증이 보고되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 경피 중심 정맥 카테터 삽입 후 우측성 흉막 삼출액이 발생하여 시행한 혈관조영술에서 카테터가 홀정맥에 위치하였던 초극소 저출생 체중아에서 경피 중심 정맥 카테터를 제거한 후 흉막 삼출액이 호전되었던 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

The relationship between central nervous system (CNS) and enuresis has not been sufficiently elucidated despite the presence of several circumstantial evidences. Contrary to common belief, polysomnographic sleep analysis revealed that the disturbance of arousal rather than deep sleep was responsible for enuresis. Subsequent studies confirmed depressed sympathetic tone and retarded brainstem reflex indicating abnormal arousal threshold in enuretics. In accordance with the bladder-brain dialogue, chronic stimulation of bladder may modify the brainstem function elevating arousal threshold. Epidemiological studies have suggested the association between enuresis and various psychosomatic disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has shown the abnormal brainstem reflex similar to enuresis. Taken together, CNS is assumed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of enuresis. Psychological assessment is vital to understand the psychodynamic effect of enuresis. Studies have shown that the prevalence of psychological problems was higher in enuretic children and externalization of the symptoms was usually found. Several explanations have been brought up regarding the development of enuresis and psychological problems. Enuresis may cause psychological problems and vice versa. Otherwise, both may be associated with other variables, such as socioeconomic status (SES).