• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.565-573
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• 2019

섬유소계 바이오매스로부터 바이오 연료 등과 같은 유용한 물질을 생산하기 위해서는 바이오매스로부터 유래하는 혼합당을 효과적으로 대사할 수 있는 균주의 개발이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 xylose를 대사가 가능한 효모인 P. stipitis를 적응진화하여 cellobiose 대사효율이 향상되고 cellobiose와 xylose를 동시에 대사할 수 있는 균주를 개발하고자 하였다. 총 10회의 계대배양을 통해 얻어진 진화된 P. stipitis 돌연변이 균주는 모균주에 비해 6배 이상 증가된 cellobiose 대사속도를 나타내었으며 ethanol 생산수율을 0에서 0.4 (g ethanol/g cellobiose)로 향상시켰다. 아울러 본 실험에서 개발한 돌연변이 균주는 cellobiose와 xylose 혼합당 조건에서 모균주에 비해 2배 가까이 향상된 ethanol 생산 및 생산속도를 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 1977

비교적 효율적으로 이용되고 있지 않는 섬유성물질의 이용성을 높이고 섬유소 자화세균에 의한 섬유소 단세포단백을 생산할 목적으로 전보에서 분리, 동정한 Collulomonas flavigena GFB 24-1의 몇 가지 균학적 성질을 통한 이용성을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 섬유질 자화세균 생육배지에서 배양한 결과 pH 7.0에서 50시간 배양하였을 때 균체증식이 가장 좋았고, 배양시 유리되는 단백질은 배양중 시간이 경과됨에 따라 증가하였다. 2. Cellulolytic activity는 pH 5~7에서 40~50시간, 배양하였을 때 가장 좋았다. 4. 생육배지에서 배양시 기질의 농도의 증가에 따라 6%까지는 균체증식이 직선적으로 증가하였으며 8%까지는 완만하게 증가하다가 9~10%농도에서는 감소하였다. 5. NaOH 처리한 볏짚은 기질로 하여 진탕 flask에서 배양한 결과 48기산 배양하였을 때 균체증식이 10.6mg/ml로써 가장좋았다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

The fire resistance of thermal insulation and interior finishing materials is recently much emphasized after the fire accident at the Icheon Cold Store in January 2008. Three kinds of thermal insulation are used in buildings. They are Organic, Non-organic and cellulosic insulation. Organic insulation such as polystyrene foam board and urethane foam has high thermal resistance but it has no fire resistance. While non-organic insulation such as rockwool and glassfiber has high fire resistance, it has lower thermal resistance than organic insulation. Cellulose insulation is primarily manufactured from recycled newsprint or cardboard using shredders and fiberizers. Despite of its environmental friendliness and high thermal resistivity, its domestic use has not much increased because of the prejudice that paper can easily burn. However, the cellulose insulation as a product is about 80 wt.% cellulosic fiber and 20 wt.% chemicals, most of which are fire retardants such as boric acid and ammonium sulfate. It is required to secure its fire safety for more consumption as a building insulation in Korea. Therefore, this study investigates the fire resistance of Korean cellulose insulation according to the rate of fire retardant and finally presents the optimum rate of fire retardant in cellulose as building insulation. The fire safety test was conducted according to the ASTM C 1485-00. The test results indicate that above 18 wt% of fire retardant is necessary to secure the fire safety of cellulose insulation.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1995

This paper is discussed on the prospects of packaging industry and technologies of Japan for comming 21th century. It is clear that packaging industry depends on living style and social mechanizms. A trends of numerical consumption, amounts of money and composisition of packaging materials are one of a measure of development of packaging industry. Total consumption of packaging materials in Japan of 1965, 1980 and 1993 were $6,344.5{\times}10^3,\;15,898.7{\times}10^3\;and\;21,603.3{\times}10^3$ tons respectively and also, shipping money of packaging materials were $7,073{\times}10^{11},\;45,421{\times}10^{11}\;and\;63,902{\times}10^{11}$ yen, respectively. It is estimated from these data that the packaging industry is also increasing in future according of GNP of country. Compositions of packaging materials from 1965 to 1993, however, are somewhat changing according to development of new materials or social conditions such as platics packaging or wooden packaging materials. Technical forcasts of packaging industry are shown from view point of national living style, energy and resorces as well as environment of world based on forcasting committee of pulp & paper in Japan, report of research committee for the 21th packaging in JPI and materials of symposium in Kanagawa University in this paper. As a my conclusion, many functional packaging materials shall be developed in the future and accordingly Life Cycle Assesment plays a important role of packaging fields. Furthermore, I am estimating in future the new cellulosic materials such as nonwood fiber resources instead of paper, board, wooden containers and a part of plastic packaging materials shall be developed. This paper is constructed by three items as follow:

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.595-599
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• 2003

Arabinose is five-carbon sugar that have been used a precursor of chemical synthetic pharmaceutics and an additives for an diet foods. Its contents in the hemicellulose among varied cellulosic materials is approximately $0.2%\;{\sim}\;4.0%$. In previous papers, it was focused in the production of xylose. But this study was subjected to an effective production of arabinose. High arabinose yield and selectivty was achieved at 0.6% sulfuric-acid concentration and $100^{\circ}C$. We will present how to remove an insoluble substances and the process for arabinose separation.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

As one of traditional packaging materials, paper and paperboard are being more popular and beneficial thanks to their environmental sustainability and have been widely used in packaging applications, from light weight infusible tissue for tea/coffee bags to heavy duty boards for the distribution. Papermakers have to design the products having a desired customized function with their paper machine. Globally, the use of filler and pigment in papermaking is now a very common practice to meet the needs of customers. Many benefits can be achieved as a result of filler addition, which mainly includes cost and energy savings. The replacement of traditional mineral fillers and pigments with biodegradable and renewable carbohydrate polymers is a very interesting and promising research topic due to the concern of environmental impact. In this review paper, the use of traditional and novel carbohydrate fillers and pigments in cellulosic paper is highlighted. It is noteworthy that there are still some challenges and technical barriers associated with the use of these organic materials in point of structural stabilities and manufacturing costs, although most of them are available in market as the commercialized products. With the emerging nanotechnologies, it is believed that the use of carbohydrate-based filler and pigment for papermaking will increase and bring technical advantages to industry.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2006

Kenaf bast can be obtained by decortication of Kenaf stem. Kenaf fibers are much more rough than cotton fiber because they include impurities as pectin, lignin and hemicellulose besides cellulose. The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of kenaf fiber length and diameter during the processes of removing impurities. To remove pectin, kenaf bast was retted chemically. A half of the retted kenaf fiber bundle were scoured and bleached. The other half one were treated with $NaClO_2$ solution to remove lignin, and were treated with sodium hydroxide solution to remove hemicellulose. Four kinds of specimens that were obtained for investigating physical characteristics. Length and diameter of 100 fibers on each specimen was measured. The tensile strength of 100 fiber bundles were measured. And also the color values of them were measured with spectrocolorimeter. The length of retted kenaf fiber was 16.97cm. Then it decreased to 11.43cm after bleaching. Kenaf fiber bundles could be finer by chemical processes that remove non-cellulosic materials. The thickness of retted fiber was $132{\mu}m$. And after undergoing the chemical processes to remove non-cellulosic materials, the thickness of kenaf fiber became finer as $73{\mu}m$. Tensile strength of the retted kenaf fiber bundles was 11.37Mpa. The retted kenaf fiber lost their strength as 22.6% by bleaching and as 18.3% by treatment for removing lignin. The retted kenaf fiber showed low whiteness as 56.48 of L*value. After bleaching, the kenaf fibers have creamy white color and their whiteness got 90.02 of L*value. After the treatment for removing hemicellulose, the kenaf fibers also have creamy white color and their whiteness got L* value of 79.02.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1981

섬유소(纖維素)를 이용(利用)하기 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 섬유소분해능(纖維素分解能)이 우수(優秀)한 균주(菌株)를 분리(分離)하여 동정(同定)한 결과(結果) Trichoderma spp.로 추정하였으며 사용된 섬유소 기질(基質)은 볏짚을 용제(溶劑)로 전처리(前處理)한 것과 여기에 산, 가열처리(加熱處理)를 더 가(加)한 것을 사용(使用)하였으며 이 미생물(微生物)에 의(依)하여 전처리 및 산 가열처리(加熱處理)에서 생성되는 섬유소 분해 효소(酵素)를 시험한 결과(結果) 0.1% $H_2SO_4$, $120^{\circ}C$, 한시간동안 처리한 것을 기질(基質)로 하였을 때 효소활성(酵素活性)이 높았다. 또한 pH 5.0, 5일(日) 배양(培養)에서 효소활성(酵素活性)이 증가(增加)하였으며 요소첨가시 20%. 인산칼륨첨가시 21%, 육류추출물첨가시 25%, 감귤피첨가시 19%의 증가(增加)를 나타냈다. 48시간(時間) 효소반응(酵素反應)을 시켰을 때 전처리기질(前處理基質)보다 산(酸), 가열처리기질(加熱處理基質)이 효소활성(酵素活性)이 높았으며 24시간후(時間後)에는 활성(活性)이 완만하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1977

셀룰로오스질 유기고형폐물로서 목피 및 톱밥과 순수한 셀룰로오스로서 여지를 $300^{\circ}C$ 질소기류하 또는 질소와 공기의 혼합기류하에서 열분해하고 생성물은 공기냉각, 수냉각, 드라이아이스-아세톤 냉각에 의해서 응축되는 성분과 비응축성 가스 및 탄화찌끼의 양을 조사하였다. 또 이중 드라이아이스-아세톤 냉각에 이해서 포집된 휘발성 액체 성분을 기체크로마토그래프를 이용하여 분리하고 이들 성분의 머무는 시간과 시린지반응에 의해 동정하였다. 질소기류하에서 열분해할 경우에는 타아르성분이 13.4 ∼ 29.6${\%}$, 수용성액체가 0.01 ∼ 0.12${\%}$, 휘발성액체가 0.24 ∼ 1.43${\%}$, 비응축성가스가 9.84 ∼ 42.4${\%}$, 탄화찌끼가 44.0 ∼ 65.81${\%}$이었고 혼합기류하에서 열분해할 경우에는 다른 성분이나 응축성 액체의 양이 감소되고 비응축성가스가 증가되었다. 질소기류하에서 포집된 휘발성액체는 Porapak Q 칼럼에 의해서 분해물질에 상관없이 19가지의 똑같은 성분으로 분리되었고 다만 각 성분의 상대적 양만이 차이를 나타내었다. 혼합기류하에서 열분해할 경우에는 6개성분만이 생성되었고 주로 methanol, formaldehyde 등의 분자량이 적은 물질만이 생성되었다. 분리된 19성분을 머무는 시간과 시린지 반응에 의해 동정해 본 결과 methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid와 3개의 hydroxyl기를 가진 것으로 추측되는 성분이 동정되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2014

Extraction is a necessary element in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics to fuels and chemicals. Although various forms of chemical pretreatment of cellulosic materials have been proposed, their effectiveness varies depending on the treatment conditions and substrate. In this study, mixed hardwood (MH) and loblolly pine (LP) were pretreated with dilute acid in a 100 mL accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at the predetermined optimal conditions: temperature: $170^{\circ}C$, acid concentration: 0.5% (w/v), and reaction time: 2~64 min. This method was highly effective for extracting the hemicellulose fraction. Total xmg (defined as the sum of xylose, mannose, and galactose) can be extracted from milled MH and LP through pressurized dilute acid treatment in maximum yields of 12.6 g/L and 15.3 g/L, respectively, representing 60.5% and 70.4% of the maximum possible yields, respectively. The crystallinity index increased upon pretreatment, reflecting the removal of the amorphous portion of biomass. The crystalline structure of the cellulose in the biomass, however, was not changed by the ASE extraction process.