• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.198-201
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• 2008

The electron beam irradiation was applied as a pretreatment of the enzymatic hydrolysis of yellow poplar with doses of 0$\sim$450 kGy. The higher irradiation dose resulted in the more degradation of hardwood biomass not only from carbohydrates but also from lignin. This changes originated from the irradiation resulted in the better response to enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial cellulases (Celluclast 1.5L and Novozym 342). The more improvement on enzymatic hydrolysis by the irradiation was found in the xylan than in the cellulose of yellow poplar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1990

The chemical Composition of Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) submerged in the Yellow Sea for more than 700 years has been examined. When compared to the recent wood, the marked chemical changes in the waterlogged wood is the higher amount of lignin with lesser amount of holocellulose and abnormally high ash content. In the heavily degraded samples, the degradation of cellulose is more severe than that of hemicellulose. However, hemicellulose is much more attacked than the cellulose at the initial stage of deterioration in the sea water. Chemical analysis suggests that the cellulolytic marine microorganisms, whether they are fungi or bacteria. can be regarded as the primary agents for the destruction of the archaeological woods submerged in the sea water.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

The effect of pasting agent on the defibrillation of Tencel fabric was investigated. It was evaluated by the weigth loss of fabric when the fabric was treated with cellulase containing various kinds of pasting agents. The surface appearance of Tencel fabric was checked by SEM. Under the treatment condition without pasting agent, the weight loss of fabric was high at pH 5.0 and $60^\circ{C}$. This means that the cellulase activity was high at this condition. By increasing the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), the weight loss of fabric was decreased monotonously. This tendency was not appeared in other pasting agents. CMC is synthesized by the reaction of chloroacetic acid and cellulose. The glucose units may be remained after the reaction. So, it was considered that the degradation of glucose unit in Tencel was decreased, because cellulase had to attack both Tencel and CMC.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare the effect of caustic soda with the effect of caustic potash on cotton fabric. Instead of caustic potash, sodium carbonate similar in chemical composition to caustic potash was used. The damage of cotton cellulose by repeated washing in various alkaline solutions at 8$0^{\circ}C$, 60 rpm was examined. The damage of cotton cellulose by the variation of copper number, carboxyl content, degree of polymerization and retained tensile strength was estimated. The results obtained at this study are as follows; 1. The damage of cotton by caustic soda was severer than caustic potash. The retained tensile strength at 50 washing cycle in caustic soda was 59% and in sodium carbonate was 80%. 2. By adding soap to caustic soda, the damage of cotton fabric decreased because contact area between fabric and air diminished by foam. 3. Detergency of EMPA 101 in caustic soda was lower than sodium carbonate. Consequently, using caustic soda that damage fabric severely and have lower detergency for caustic potash is unreasonable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2017

Termites are destructive to agriculture, forestry, and buildings, but they can also promote agro-ecosystem balance through the degradation of lignocellulose. Termite-triggered cellulose digestion may be clarified through microbial metabolism of cellulose products. In the present study, we characterized the activities of cellulase and its three components synthesized by the cellulase-producing fungal strain HDZK-BYTF620 isolated from the gut of Odontotermes formosanus. The protein components of cellulases were synthesized by strain HDZK-BYTF620, which were isolated and characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the expression of the cellulases was studied at the proteome level.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1984

To investigate the biodegradation pattern of rice straw, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components, by the isolate stran Bacillus subtilis $DO_4$, the change of cell population was observed on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), larch wood xylan and lignosulfonate as a carbon source respectively. Also, the transition pattern of enzyme activities of cellulase and xylanase and lignin contents was measured on rice straw and mixed substrate according to growth. The results in these experiments revealed that xylanase activity was first appeared and cellulase activity in the next, while lignin component was almost not changed through the culture period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.663-671
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• 2022

The saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose is essential for utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as a biofuel. While cellulose is composed of glucose only, hemicelluloses are composed of diverse sugars such as xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a good potential candidate for biofuel production using hemicellulose as this archaeon simultaneously utilizes various sugars. However, S. acidocaldarius has to be manipulated because the enzyme that breaks down hemicellulose is not present in this species. Here, we engineered S. acidocaldarius to utilize xylan as a carbon source by introducing xylanase and β-xylosidase. Heterologous expression of β-xylosidase enhanced the organism's degradability and utilization of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), but the mutant still failed to grow when xylan was provided as a carbon source. S. acidocaldarius exhibited the ability to degrade xylan into XOS when xylanase was introduced, but no further degradation proceeded after this sole reaction. Following cell growth and enzyme reaction, S. acidocaldarius successfully utilized xylan in the synergy between xylanase and β-xylosidase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2005

The effect of transinoculation of goat rumen liquor into sheep rumen on mimosine toxicity was studied. One adult Kutchi male goat having higher mimosine degradation capacity than sheep was gradually adapted to Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) leaves by feeding increasing level of eucaena leaves supplementation for 1 month. Six Bharat Merino rams (12-18 months of age) were divided into two equal groups with (group I) or without (group II) infusion of 200 ml of goat rumen liquor per animal. The mimosine degradation in groups I and II were 3.04 and 2.31; 3.90 and 3.73 mg per day per 10 ml rumen liquor respectively after 1 and 2 weeks of leucaena feeding leaves. Total rumen bacterial population in RGCA medium and in a selective medium containing iron showed an increasing trend in both groups, while the bacterial population growing in the presence of cellulose showed a decreasing trend. Animal performance data did not show any adverse effect. Results revealed that transinoculation of rumen liquor from leucaena leaves adapted goat to sheep rumen did not help to improve mimosine degradation in the sheep. The sheep transinoculated with goat rumen liquor displayed no in vivo improvements in nutrient utilization vis-a-vis mimosine metabolism.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 1963년도에 식재된 낙엽송, 소나무, 리기테다소나무 조림지를 대상으로 셀룰로오스 분해와 토양 환경인자 사이의 관계를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 셀룰로오스 분해에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 토양온도, 토양 수분함량, 토양 pH, 토양 이산화탄소 방출량을 2006년 7월부터 10월까지 4개월 동안 측정하였다. 셀룰로오스 분해율은 리기테다소나무($6.5mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$), 소나무($6.2mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$), 낙엽송($6.1mg\;g^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) 순이었으나 수종간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P > 0.05). 셀룰로오스 분해율은 20cm 깊이의 토양 온도와 양의 상관(소나무: r = 0.77, P < 0.05; 리기테다소나무: r = 0.59, P < 0.05; 낙엽송: r = 0.48, P < 0.05)을 보였으나, 토양 pH와는 음의 상관(소나무: r = -0.63, P < 0.05; 리기테다소나무: r = -0.47, P < 0.05; 낙엽송: r = -0.43, P < 0.05)이 있었다. 토양이산화탄소방출량과 셀룰로오스 분해율은 소나무(r = 0.46, P < 0.05), 낙엽송(r = 0.37, P < 0.05), 토양 수분함량과 셀룰로오스 분해율은 소나무(r = 0.53, P < 0.05)와 유의적인 양의 상관(P < 0.05)이 있었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 셀룰로오스 분해는 각기 다른 침엽 수종으로부터 발생하는 토양 환경요인에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of three categories of supplements on intake and diet induced difference on degradation of straw substrates. Sixteen crossbred cattle fitted with rumen cannula were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Animals were fed on wheat straw ad libitum without any supplement except mineral mixture (control; $T_1$) or supplemented with concentrate mixture (CS; $T_2$) or green Lucerne (GLS; $T_3$) or urea-molasses block lick (ULS; $T_4$). Total dry matter intake in $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ was increased by 70, 54 and 49%, respectively compared to $T_1$ which was only 1.55 kg/100 kg B.Wt. Other than control animals, straw intake was less on $T_3$ than $T_2$ or $T_4$. In Sacco degradation of untreated and urea treated wheat or paddy straw in different treatments indicated that the supplements had a significant (p<0.01) impact on rapidly soluble (A) and insoluble but potentially degradable (B) fractions of straw. Urea treatment increased fraction-A but, provision of supplement improved fraction-B also. Effective degradation (ED) of OM was better on $T_2$. Rate of degradation (C) of OM and CWC was dependent on diet and type of straw but hemicellulose and cellulose were related to latter factor only. ED of cell wall carbohydrates (CWC) was similar in $T_2$ and $T_4$ but higher than $T_3$. CS was more effective in improving the degradation of both untreated and urea treated straw while ULS was effective on the former only. CS had more impact on superior quality straw while contrary was true with ULS. Although GLS improved intake and degradability of untreated and urea treated straws, its bulkiness affected the straw intake compared to other supplements.