• Title/Summary/Keyword: cellulose I

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Preparation and Properties of Cellulose Triacetate Membranes for Reverse Osmosis (역삼투용 Cellulose Triacetate 막의 제조와 특성)

  • Nam, Sang-Yong;Hwang, Hae-Young;Koh, Hyung-Chul
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.277-286
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    • 2007
  • The technology of seawater desalination has been received much attentions to solve the problem of water shortage through all over the world. In this study, it attempts to confirm the use-possibility of cellulose triacetate (CTA) for preparation of reverse osmosis membranes which have been highlighted as high efficiency and low energy consumption process for seawater desalination. The effects of casting dope parameters like an acetyl content, solvent, additives on the membrane performance were investigated. It was possible to produce the membranes which have high water flow rate and salt rejection with the increase of acetyl content and dioxane content among various dioxane/acetone ratios. Acetic acid and maleic acid were preferred for additives to produce high performance membranes. It was verified that $HOLLOSEP^{(R)}$ module which is commercialized CTA membrane by TOYOBO Co. can produce stable water production and high-quality water for long-term operation in the practice plants without any chemical treatments.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY CELLULOSE AND PROTEIN LEVELS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ENERGY AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION, LIPID CONTENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL ORGANS IN GROWING CHICKS

  • Siri, S.;Tobioka, H.;Tasaki, I.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.235-242
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    • 1993
  • In order to investigate the effects of dietary cellulose and protein levels on chick performance, four semi-purified diets were formulated so as to contain cellulose at levels of 5% (LC) and 20% (HC) in combination with 10% (LP) and 20% (HP) protein, and fed ad libitum to 1-week-old White Leghorn male chicks for 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency between the LC-HP and HC-HP groups. All parameters were lower in the LP groups; the HC-LP group consumed very small amount of feed and lost body weight during the experiment. The retention rates of DM, ash, nitrogen and energy were higher in the HP than the LP groups. The triglyceride concentration of carcass was lower in the HC-LP group and that of liver was higher in the LC-LP group. The carcass total cholesterol level was higher in the HC-HP group. The relative weight of most digestive organs was higher in the HP group irrespective of the cellulose level. In conclusion, the chick performance was primarily influenced by dietary protein level, and when the chicks were fed inadequate levels of protein, the low cellulose level gave a better performance than the high cellulose level.

Production of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Modification (박테리아 셀룰로오스의 생산 및 개질)

  • 민두식;조남석;최태호
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.26-33
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    • 1997
  • The bacterial celluloses are very different in its physical, chemical and morphological structures compared to wood cellulose. These fibers have many unique properties that are potentially and commercially beneficial. This study was aimed to elucidate the production of bacterial celluloses and to improve their physical properties by chemical pretreatment. Bacterial celluloses produced by static culture had gel-like pellicle structure. The pellicle thickness was increased with the increasing time, and its layer was about 1.8cm after one-month incubation. The pellicles extruded from the cells of Acetobacter had a non-crystalline structure during initial growing stages, gradually getting crystaliyzed with the incubation time elapse, and eventually fumed to the cellulose I crystals. Young's modulus of bacterial cellulose sheet was increased with increasing NaOH concentration, and resulted in the highest at 5% NaOH concentration. Similar results with NaClO3 pretreatment can be observed. Too concentrated alkali solutions induced the destruction of cellulose fibrils and changed the mechanical properties of the sheets. These alkaline pretreatment have removed non-cellulosic components(NCC) from the bacterial cellulose, and enhanced inter-abrillar bonding by direct close contact among cellulosic fibrils.

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Production and Structural Analysis of Cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6 Using Static Culture (정치배양을 이용하여 Acetobacter sp. V6의 셀룰로오스 생산 최적화 및 구조 분석)

  • Kim, Jeong-Do;Jung, Ho-Il;Jeong, Jin-Ha;Park, Ki-Hyun;Jeon, Young-Dong;Hwang, Dae-Youn;Lee, Chung-Yeol;Son, Hong-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2009
  • The optimal medium compositions for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by a Acetobacter sp. V6, which was isolated from the traditionally fermented vinegar in Korea, were investigated in static cultures. The optimum medium compositions for BC production were 3% glucose, 3% soytone, 0.8% $K_2HPO_4$, and 0.4% ethanol, respectively. Adding $NaH_2PO_4$ or $KH_2PO_4$ had not shown the increase in BC production. Under the optimum medium compositions, the highest BC production was 44.67 g/$m^2$ in 8 days and the thickness of BC pellicle was about 1 cm. Structural properties of BC produced in the optimal medium were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer. BC from the optimal medium was found to be of cellulose type I, the same as typical native cellulose. No difference in the compositions between bacterial and plant celluloses, but BC showed unique micro-network structure and high crystallinity (82%).

Purification of Inositol Triphosphate Kinase from Bovine Brain (소의 뇌로부터 Inositol Triphosphate Kinase의 정제)

  • Kim, Jung-Hye;Lee, Jae-Tae
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.46-58
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    • 1996
  • Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate($InsP_3$) is a second messenger for mobilizing intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. It can be dephosphorylated by soluble and particulate forms on $InsP_3$ 5-phosphatase, or phosphorylated to produce inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate($InsP_3$) by $InsP_3$ 3-kinase. These enzymes represent possible targets for the regulation of the $InsP_3/InsP_4$ signal. $InsP_3$ 3-kinase which catalyses th ATP-dependent phosphorylation of $InsP_3$ was purified from bovine brain tissue. All operation were carried out at $4^{\circ}C$. Fresh tissure was homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was pooled. Proteins were precipitated from 10% polyethylene glycol, and suspended solution was applied to DEAE cellulose column for chromatography. As the result of above procedure, two isozymes of $InsP_3$ 3-kinase, I and II were obtained. Each isozyme was applied to Matriz green gel, Calmodulin-Affigel 15 column and subsequent phenyl-TSK HPLC column. Specific activites(SA) and fold of puriety were observed at each purification step of chromatography. At DEAE cellulose chromatography, SA were I, 0.6 and II, 4.8 nM/min/mg, and folds were I, 17.2 and II, 16.6. At Matrix green gel chromatography, SA were I, 18 and II, 11 nM/min/mg, folds were I, 62.1 and II, 38.0. At calmodulin-Affigel 15 column chromatography, SA were I, 19 and II, 13 nM/min/mg, folds were I, 65.5 and II, 44.8. Finally $InsP_3$ kinase I and II were purified 3,103-fold and 2,310-fold, and SA were I, 900 and II, 670 nM/min/mg, respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis elucidated 3 distinct fractions of Mr of 145,000, 85,000 and 69,500 from isozyme I, and 2 distinct fractions of Mr of 79,000 and 57,000 from isozyme II.

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Mitigation of Membrane Biofouling in MBR Using a Cellulolytic Bacterium, Undibacterium sp. DM-1, Isolated from Activated Sludge

  • Nahm, Chang Hyun;Lee, Seonki;Lee, Sang Hyun;Lee, Kibaek;Lee, Jaewoo;Kwon, Hyeokpil;Choo, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Jung-Kee;Jang, Jae Young;Lee, Chung-Hak;Park, Pyung-Kyu
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.573-583
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    • 2017
  • Biofilm formation on the membrane surface results in the loss of permeability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. Studies have revealed that cellulose is not only produced by a number of bacterial species but also plays a key role during formation of their biofilm. Hence, in this study, cellulase was introduced to a MBR as a cellulose-induced biofilm control strategy. For practical application of cellulase to MBR, a cellulolytic (i.e., cellulase-producing) bacterium, Undibacterium sp. DM-1, was isolated from a lab-scale MBR for wastewater treatment. Prior to its application to MBR, it was confirmed that the cell-free supernatant of DM-1 was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation and of detaching the mature biofilm of activated sludge and cellulose-producing bacteria. This suggested that cellulase could be an effective anti-biofouling agent for MBRs used in wastewater treatment. Undibacterium sp. DM-1-entrapping beads (i.e., cellulolytic-beads) were applied to a continuous MBR to mitigate membrane biofouling 2.2-fold, compared with an MBR with vacant-beads as a control. Subsequent analysis of the cellulose content in the biofilm formed on the membrane surface revealed that this mitigation was associated with an approximately 30% reduction in cellulose by cellulolytic-beads in MBR.