• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.343-348
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• 2001

In this paper we propose a noise reduction algorithm which based on cellular automata with the local median rule. It is supposed that there is no information about the features of the image that must be improved. The proposed method behavior is to locally increase or decrease the gray level differences of the image without loss of the main characteristics of the image. The dynamical behavior of these automata is completely determined by Lyapunov operators for sequential and parallel update. We have found that the automata present very fast convergence to fixed points, stability in front of random noisy images. Based on the experimental results we discuss the advantage and efficiency.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2022

The method of single-cell RNA sequencing has been rapidly developed, and numerous experiments have been conducted over the past decade. Their results allow us to recognize various subpopulations and rare cell states in tissues, tumors, and immune systems that are previously unidentified, and guide us to understand fundamental biological processes that determine cell identity based on single-cell gene expression profiles. However, it is still challenging to understand the principle of comprehensive gene regulation that determines the cell fate only with transcriptome, a consequential output of the gene expression program. To elucidate the mechanisms related to the origin and maintenance of comprehensive single-cell transcriptome, we require a corresponding single-cell epigenome, which is a differentiated information of each cell with an identical genome. This review deals with the current development of single-cell epigenomic library construction methods, including multi-omics tools with crucial factors and additional requirements in the future focusing on DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone post-translational modifications. The study of cellular differentiation and the disease occurrence at a single-cell level has taken the first step with single-cell transcriptome and is now taking the next step with single-cell epigenome.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2009

The effects of an extract of Benincasae hispida on allergic inflammation were examined in terms of histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase release, serum IgE level and inflammatory cytokine level. The B. hispida extract inhibited the release of histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase, a degranulation marker, from rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3). When mice were first ovalbumin-challenged and then treated with B. hispida extract, there was a significant decrease in the IgE level in the mouse serum. The extract treatment reduced the serum IgE level prominently, compared with the ovalbumin-challenged mice. The extract also significantly reduced the TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-4 levels in the BAL fluid when challenged with antigen. Taken together, the Benincasae hispida extract may be efficacious against allergic inflammation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

Recently, mobile communication systems are suffering from exponentially increasing data traffic. As a promising solution to the increase in data traffic, a coordinated multi-point transmission and reception (CoMP) scheme has been proposed. Although a great deal of research has been done on this new technology, the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP has not been evaluated properly in a typical indoor environment. To address this, we have developed a system-level simulator and evaluated the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP. Unlike previous works, we have used an actual antenna pattern in our simulator and link-level results are properly taken into account through link-level abstraction. By using a system-level simulator, we have evaluated the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP in an indoor environment and found that unlike an outdoor cellular environment, CoMP may not improve the performance of overall mobile communication systems in an indoor environment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.401-410
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• 2009

We have developed a targeted lipidomics approach that makes it possible to directly analyze chiral eicosanoid lipids generated in cellular systems. The eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs) and alcohols (HETEs), have been implicated as potent lipid mediators of various biological processes. Enzymatic formations of eicosanoids are regioselective and enantioselective, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated formation proceeds with no stereo-selectivity. To distinguish between enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of eicosanoid formation, it is necessary to resolve enantiomeric forms as well as regioisomers. High sensitivity is also required to analyze the eicosanoid lipids that are usually present as trace amounts (pM level) in biological fluids. A discovery of liquid chromatography-electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ECAPCI/MS) allows us to couple normal phase chiral chromatography without loss of sensitivity. Analytical specificity was obtained by the use of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem MS (MS/MS). With combination of stable isotope dilution methodology, complex mixtures of regioisomeric and enantiomeric eicosanoids have been resolved and quantified in biological samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Targeted chiral lipidomics profiles of bioactive eicosanoid lipids obtained from various cell systems and their biological implications have been discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 2020

The liver is an important organ in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is responsible for systemic energy homeostasis. When energy need exceeds the storage capacity in the liver, fatty acids are shunted into nonoxidative sphingolipid biosynthesis, which increases the level of cellular ceramides. Accumulation of ceramides alters substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, activates triglyceride storage, and results in the development of both insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, increasing the likelihood of major metabolic diseases. Another sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling molecule that acts via S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors. It regulates many cellular and physiological events. Since an increase in plasma S1P is associated with obesity, it seems reasonable that recent studies have provided evidence that S1P is linked to lipid pathophysiology, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Herein, we review recent findings on ceramides and S1P in obesity-mediated liver diseases and the therapeutic potential of these sphingolipid metabolites.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the changes of cellular components and the production of Th 1 cytokine in the immune tissue, inbred C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 40 cysts of 76K strain of Toxoplosma gondii. The sequential change of cell differentials and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of splenocytes were analyzed by Diff-Quik stain and RT-PCR. There were no significant proportional changes of cellular components of splenocytes until day 4 postinfection (Pl) as compared to those of day 0, and the relative percentage of macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly (p<0.01) thereafter. The expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA of $CD3^{-}$ cells was observed from day 1 Pl at a low level. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of $CD3^{+}$ cells increased significantly from day 4 Pl (p<0.01) which progressively increased thereafter. These findings provide the relative percentages of granulocytes and macrophages were increased in conjunction with increase of total number of splenocytes after oral infection with T. gondii in the susceptible murine hosts, and lymphocytes were the major cellular components and the important source of $IFN-{\gamma}$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

In this study, changes in gene expression after administration of silk fibroin fragments ($size{\approx}30kDa$) were evaluated in MG63 cells using a cDNA microarray assay. In addition, the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cellular proliferation in the group administered moderately sized silk fibroin fragments ($size{\approx}30kDa$) (MSF) were compared to those in the group administered smaller silk fibroin fragments (size < 1 kDa) (SSF). The results of the cDNA microarray assay show increased expression of genes that are related to the cell cycle and inflammation. ALP, bone morphogenetic protein-7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA, and runt-related transcription factor 2 exhibited significantly lower expression compared to control cells (fold ratio < 0.5). Relative ALP activity of the $100{\mu}g/mL$ MSF group was significantly lower than that of the SSF group (P < 0.05). Thus, the MSF group showed increased expression of genes associated with cellular proliferation and inflammation but decreased expression of genes associated with osteogenesis.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

Extracts derived from various medical mushrooms have been reported to have antitumor and immuno-modulatory properties. In order to investigate the antitumor activity of keumsa Linteusan, the water extract of Phellinus Iimteus, HT1080 cells, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, were treated with it and changes in cellular migration potential was tested in vitro. At a concentration range below 1,000 $\mu$g/mL, Linteusan blocked, in a dose dependent manner, the migration of cells through Matrigel as well as Boyden chamber without affecting the viability of the cells. Prolonged treatment of HT1080 cells with Linteusan suppressed TNFa induced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as well as basal level expression of MMP-2. Linteusan also affected the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin-coated surfaces. The effect of Linteusan on cell signaling pathways was also tested. Linteusan specifically affected TNF-$\alpha$ induced phosphorylation of AKT in a dose-dependent manner, while phosphorylation levels of ERK remained unaffected. These data indicate that Linteusan blocks the migration of HT1080 cells by affecting various processes associated with cell migration such as the expression of matrix degradingenzymes,cell adhesion, and AKT-medicated cellular signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.444-451
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of the Internet diabetic education on plasma glucose in people with hyperglycemic diabetes. Method: A randomized design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre- and post-intervention was used. Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group and 21 to a control group. Participants were requested to input the blood glucose level weekly in http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet for 3 months. The researcher sends optimal recommendations to each patient using short message service(SMS) of cellular phone and wire Internet weekly. Results: Patients in the intervention group had a mean decrease of 1.3% in glycosylated haemoglobin ($HbA_1c$) levels and those in the control group had no significant difference. There was a significant mean change in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2HPPG) for the intervention group, with a mean change of-75.2mg/dl. The mean change in the control group was, however, not significant. Conclusion: These findings indicated that a web-based intervention using SMS of cellular phone improved $HbA_1c$ and 2HPPG.