• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.355-374
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• 2006

Thin walled steel bridge-piers/columns are vulnerable to damage, when subjected to earthquake excitations. Local buckling, global buckling or interaction between local and global buckling usually is the cause of this damage, which results in significant strength reduction of the member. In this study new innovative design concepts, "thin-walled corrugated steel columns" and "thin-walled cellular steel columns" are presented, which allow the column to undergo large plastic deformations without significant strength reduction; hence dissipate energy under cyclic loading. It is shown that, compared with the conventional designs, circular and stiffened box sections, these new innovative concepts might results in cost-effective designs, with improved buckling and ductility properties. Using a finite element model, that takes the non-linear material properties into consideration, it is shown that the corrugations will act like longitudinal stiffeners that are supporting each other, thus improving the buckling behavior and allowing for reduction of the overall wall thickness of the column.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an image encryption method using two linear MLCA(Maximum Length Cellular Automata). The encryption method first sets arbitrary 8 bit initial values. Next, we create high quality PN(pseudo noise) sequences by converting rows and columns with the set initial values. hen we generate a basis image using the set PN sequences. Lastly, the final image with high encryption level is produced by XOR operation of the basis image and the original image. In order to verify that the proposed method has the high encryption level, we performed histogram and stability analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.953-955
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an image encryption method using two linear MLCA(Maximum Length Cellular Automata). The encryption method first sets arbitrary 8 bit initial values. Next, we create high quality PN(pseudo noise) sequences by converting rows and columns with the set initial values. Then we generate a basis image using the set PN sequences. Lastly, the final image with high encryption level is produced by XOR operating the basis image and the original image. In order to verify that the proposed method has the high encryption level, we performed histogram and stability analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.357-364
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• 2022

A pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) is a program used when a large amount of random numbers is needed. It is used to generate symmetric keys in symmetric key cryptography systems, generate public key pairs in public key cryptography or digital signatures, and generate columns used for padding with disposable pads. Cellular Automata (CA), which is useful for specific representing nonlinear dynamics in various scientific fields, is a discrete and abstract computational system that can be implemented in hardware and is applied as a PRNG that generates keys in cryptographic systems. In this paper, I propose an algorithm for synthesizing a programmable 5-neighbor CA based PRNG that can effectively generate a nonlinear sequence using 5-neighbor CA with the radius of the neighboring cell increased by 2.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.490-495
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• 2002

Hemolysin (VFH) of V. fluvialis, which is a pathogenic bacteria, causing watery diarrhea with vomiting, abdominal croup, was purified. V. fluvialis was cultivated in BHI medium and the culture supematant was precipitated by ammonium sulfate. The protein was purified by chromatographies on columns of DEAE-cellulose and Mono-Q. Molecular weight of the purified VFH was estimated as 79kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature for a maximum hemolytic activity was at around 35$^{\circ}C$ and the activity was decreased at 4$0^{\circ}C$ Cytotoxicity of VFH was also investigated using RTG-2 cell line. LDH assay study showed that 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 of VFH release 80% of total cellular LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) from RTG-2 cell and microscopic observation also showed the morphological change of cell.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.343-357
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• 1992

Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF), a polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by activated macrophages, was originally identified on the basis of its ability to cause hemorrhagic necrosis and tumor regression in vivo. Subsequently, TNF has been shown to be an important component of the host responses to infection and cancer and may mediate the wasting syndrome known as cachexia. These systemic actions of TNF are reflected in its diverse effects on target cells in vitro. TNF initiates its diverse cellular actions by binding to specific cell surface receptors. Although TNF receptors have been identified on most of animal cells, regulation of these receptors and the mechanisms which transduce TNF receptor binding into cellular responses are not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, the mechanisms how TNF receptors are being regulated and how TNF receptor binding is being transduced into cellular responses were investigated in rat liver plasma membranes (PM) and ME-180 human cervical carcinoma cell lines. $^{125}I$-TNF bound to high ($K_d=1.51{\pm}0.35nM$)affinity receptors in rat liver PM. Solubilization of PM with 1% Triton X-100 increased both high affinity (from $0.33{\pm}0.04\;to\;1.67{\pm}0.05$ pmoles/mg protein) and low affinity (from $1.92{\pm}0.16\;to\;7.57{\pm}0.50$ pmoles/mg protein) TNF binding without affecting the affinities for TNF, suggesting the presence of a large latent pool of TNF receptors. Affinity labeling of receptors whether from PM or solubilized PM resulted in cross-linking of $^{125}I$-TNF into $M_r$ 130 kDa, 90 kDa and 66kDa complexes. Thus, the properties of the latent TNF receptors were similar to those initially accessible to TNF. To determine if exposure of latent receptors is regulated by TNF, $^{125}I$-TNF binding to control and TNF-pretreated membranes were assayed. Specific binding was increased by pretreatment with TNF (P<0.05), demonstrating that hepatic PM contains latent TNF receptors whose exposure is promoted by TNF. Homologous up-regulation of TNF receptors may, in part, be responsible for sustained hepatic responsiveness during chronic exposure to TNF. As a next step, the post-receptor events induced by TNF were examined. Although the signal transduction pathways for TNF have not been delineated clearly, the actions of many other hormones are mediated by the reversible phosphorylation of specific enzymes or target proteins. The present study demonstrated that TNF induces phosphorylation of 28 kDa protein (p28). Two dimensional soidum dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) resolved the 28kDa phosphoprotein into two isoforms having pIs of 6.2 and 6.1. The pIs and relative molecular weight of p28 were consistent with those of a previously characterized mRNA cap binding protein. mRNA cap binding proteins are a class of translation initiation factors that recognize the 7-methylguanosine cap structure found on the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNAs. In vitro, these proteins are defined by their specific elution from affinity columns composed of 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate($m^7$GTP)-Sepharose. Affinity purification of mRNA cap binding proteins from control and TNF treated ME-180 cells proved that TNF rapidly stimulates phosphorylation of an mRNA cap binding protein. Phosphorylation occurred in several cell types that are important in vitro models of TNF action. The mRNA cap binding protein phosphorylated in response to TNF treatment was purifice, sequenced, and identified as the proto-oncogene product eukaryotic initiation factor-4E(eIF-4E). These data show that phosphorylation of a key component of the cellular translational machinery is a common early event in the diverse cellular actions of TNF.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Background: Members belonging to the interferon-lambda (IFN-${\lambda}$) family exert protective action against viral infection; however, the mechanisms of their action have remained elusive. To study IFN-${\lambda}$ biology, such as endocytosis of IFN-${\lambda}$, we produced monoclonal antibodies (Abs) against human IFN-${\lambda}$ and examined their usefulness. Methods: We purified recombinant human IFN-${\lambda}$1 expressed in Escherichia coli by using affinity columns. Then, we generated hybridoma cells by fusing myeloma cells with splenocytes from IFN-${\lambda}$1-immunized mice. For evaluating the neutralizing activity of the monoclonal Abs against IFN-${\lambda}$1, we performed RT-PCR for the MxA transcript. In order to study the binding activity of IFN-${\lambda}$ and the monoclonal Ab complex on HepG2 cells, we labeled the monoclonal Ab with rhodamine and determined the fluorescence intensity. Results: Four hybridoma clones secreting Abs specific to IFN-${\lambda}$1 were generated and designated as HL1, HL2, HL3, and HL4. All the Abs reacted with IFN-${\lambda}$1 in the denatured form as well as in the native form. Abs produced by HL1, HL3, and HL4 did not neutralize the induction of the MxA gene by IFN-${\lambda}$1. We also demonstrated the binding of the HL1 monoclonal anbitody and IFN-${\lambda}$ complex on HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Monoclonal Abs against IFN-${\lambda}$1 were produced. These Abs can be used to study the cellular binding and internalization of IFN-${\lambda}$.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 1988

The fine structure of the salivary glands of the pine moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, at the last larval period is observed using light and electron microscopes. The moths have single paired tubular salivary glands which openings are connected to the oral cavity through the upper jaw. By the external morphology and its functions, the glands are subdivided into three regions which are anterior reabsorptive region, middle storage region and posterior secretory region. Along the inner canal of the salivary gland two columns of the large glandular cells are connected each other and oriented to ring-like forms. By this cellular orientation, the glands have long and large tubular structure. From anterior to posterior region large nuclei of the glands are ramified like twigs of the tree, and in the cytoplasm of the cell numerous mitochondria and vacuoles are seen. Moreover, basal plasma membranes of the gland cells are heavily infolded. The anterior region of the glands keeps several characteristics related to the reabsorption of the material from the inner cavity to the glandular cells whereas, main salivary material is synthesized and secreted through the long and convoluted posterior region. The apical plasma membranes of the cells are the most heavily invaginated at the posterior regoin, but trachea and tracheoles are distributed only at the middle and posterior regions. In the cytoplasm of the middle region Golgi complexes appeared at the vicinity of the vesicles, and at the posterior region of the salivary glands multivesicular bodies are also observed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2017

The effects of plaster on the behavior of single-story single-bay masonry-infilled steel frames under in-plane base accelerations have been experimentally investigated by a shake-table. Tested structures were made in a 1/3 scale, with realistic material properties and construction methods. Steel frames with high and low flexural rigidity of beams and columns were considered. Each type of frame was tested with three variants of masonry: (i) non-plastered masonry; (ii) masonry infill with conventional plaster on both sides; and (iii) masonry infill with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) net reinforced plaster on both sides. Masonry bricks were made of lightweight cellular concrete. Each frame was firstly successively exposed to horizontal base accelerations of an artificial accelerogram, and afterwards, to horizontal base accelerations of a real earthquake. Characteristic displacements, strains and cracks in the masonry were established for each applied excitation. It has been concluded that plaster strengthens the infill and prevents damages in it, which results in more favorable behavior and increased bearing capacity of plastered masonry-infilled frames compared to non-plastered masonry-infilled frames. The load-bearing contribution of the adopted PVC net in the plaster was not noticeable for the tested specimens, probably due to relative small cross section area of fibers in the net. Behavior of masonry-infilled steel frames significantly depends on frame stiffness. Strong frames have smaller displacements than weak frames, which reduces deformations and damages of an infill.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.439-446
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a encryption method using C-MLCA and 1D CAT to secure medical image for efficiently. First, we generate a state transition matrix using a Wolfram rule and create a sequence of maximum length. By operating the complemented vector, it converts an existing sequence to a more complex sequence. Then, we multiply the two sequences by rows and columns to generate C-MLCA basis images of the original image size and go through a XOR operation. Finally, we will get the encrypted image to operate the 1D CAT basis function created by setting the gateway values and the image which is calculated by transform coefficients. By comparing the encrypted image with the original image, we evaluate to analyze the histogram and PSNR. Also, by analyzing NPCR and key space, we confirmed that the proposed encryption method has a high level of stability and security.