• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1137-1147
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed two types of adaptive control mechanism which is named HIA(Humoral Immune Algorithm) PID and CMIA(Cell-Mediated Immune Algorithm) controller based on biological immune system under engineering point of view. The HIA PID which has real time control scheme is focused on the humoral immunity and the latter which has the self-tuning mechanism is focused on the T-cell regulated immune response. To verify the performance of the proposed controller, some experiments for the control of AGV which is used for the port automation to carry container without human are performed. The experimental results for the control of steering and speed of an AGV system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Moreover, in that results, proposed controllers have better performance than other conventional PID controller and intelligent control method which is the NN(neural network) PID controller.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 1989

In order to investigate the effect of Row ginseng (Ra. G.; from $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea), White ginseng (W.G.; from $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea), and Red ginseng (Re. G.; form $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea) on immune response, the author used ICR mice having a body weight of about 20g as experimental animals dividing them into four groups-Saline, Ra. G, W.G., Re. G group. Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) and rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin(HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers for humoral immune response were measured at 24 hours after challenge, The results were summarized as follows: 1) DTH was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance(W.G.> Re. G. > Ra. G.). 2) RFC was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance(W.G. > Re. G. > Ra. G.). 3) HA titer was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance (Re. G.> W. G.> Ra. G.). 4) HL titer was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance (Re. G. > W. G.> Ra. G.). Through the experimental study in ICR mice, these findings suggest that Raw ginseng, White ginseng and Red ginseng enhance both cell-mediated and humoral immune response with statistical significance.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.472-476
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• 2002

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) serves as a good model of cell-mediated reaction. Epidermal langerhans cell (LC) are thought to playa crucial role in the regulation of immune reaction of the skin, which elicit the CHS response by presenting Antigen to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. However, contact hypersensitivity is regarded as a negative side of immunities, caused by increased damaging immune response. Therefore, the study of effector molecule causing immune suppression is thought to be meaningful in the skin immune response. For this aim, this study investigated the influence of pedunculagin on cytokine, IL-$\beta$ expression from langerhans cell (LC). In vitro and in vivo, pedunculagin up-regulated the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA. After PMA stimulation in vitro and DNFB sensitization in vivo, the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA was down-regulated. This results suggested that pedunculagin could be immuno-modulator in skin immune system by modulating IL-1$\beta$ expression.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2006

PID 제어기는 구조가 간단하고 적용이 용이하다는 장점으로 인하여 널리 사용되고 있는 제어방식이다. 이러한 선형 PID 제어기는 시스템의 파라메터가 변화가 있거나 부하 특성이 비 선형적으로 변화할 때에 적절한 이득과 성능을 얻기 어려워 고성능 제어 특성을 기대하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 세포성 면역 반응과 경사감소학습에 기초하여 비선형 PID 제어기를 설계하고, 설계된 제어기의이득과 비선형 함수의 파라메터들을 실시간 적응적으로 학습할 수 있는 학습 알고리즘을 개발하고, 이를 제어시스템에 적용하였다. 제안된 비선형 PID 제어기는 비선형 직류 모터 시스템의 파라메터들이 변화하거나 주파수가 다른 추종 명령에 대하여, 적응적으로 이득을 변화 시키며 추종함을 보였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2003

There has been continuing interest in the development of synthetic and natural compounds that modify the immune response particularly for the treatment of AIDS and cancer. During the past fifty years, numerous scientific studies have been published on ginseng. Modem human studies have investigated preventive effect of ginseng on several kinds of cancer, its long term immunological effect on HIV patients, its effect on cell mediated immune functions in healthy volunteers. Similarly non clinical studies on animal model system have studied the chemopreventive action of ginseng on cancer and immunological properties of ginseng. The precise mechanism of action of ginseng, however, not clearly understood. Considering its wide-ranging therapeutic effects, this study is being undertaken to elucidate the general mode of action of ginseng, especially to test our hypothesis that its biological action may be mediated by the immune system.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Insamyangwee Tang on cell-mediated and humoral immune response, solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample A), mixture of individual solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample B) were administered orally for 14 days. The auther used ICR mice having a body weight of about 20-22g as experimental animals dividing them into three groups-Saline, Sample A and Sample B group. All of the mice were sensitized i.v. with $10^8$ sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and challenged i.d. with $10^8$ SRBC 4 days later. Such immune responses as delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), rosette forming cells(RFC), hemagglutinin titers(HA titers) and hemolysin titers(HL titers) were measured at 24 hours after challenge. The results were as follow: 1. DTH in Sample A & Sample B group was increased, as compared with Saline group, with satistical significance. 2. RFC in Sample A & Sample B group were increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 3. HA titers in Sample A & Sample B group were not increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 4. HL titers were increased just only in Sample A group with statistical significance. The inference from the above results is that Sample A group is better than Sample B group, and Insamyangwee Tang enhance the cell-mediated and humoral immune response.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1996

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of behavioral, response to immune function in response to electric footshock in mice. Mice were subjected to electric footshock for 3 days(two sessions a day, 11 times of shock for about 31 minutes a session). The humoral immune response was measured using mice immunized with rat RBC. The cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated by contact hypersensitivity to 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) and by phytohemagglutin(PHA)-stimulated splenocytes proliferation assay. In stressed group, electric footshock suppressed significantly anti-rat RBC antibody production(p<0.05), but enhanced significantly $T_{48}$ relative to $T_{24}$ in contact hypersenstivry (P<.01) and T-cell proliferation response(P<.05) by PHA stimulation elative to control group. T-cell proliferation response by PHA stimulation was significantly correlated to the movement than the sensitivity and coping behavior in the mouse, in response to the electric footshock. These data supper the importance of behavioral response in stress-induced changes of immune functions.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1991년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.82-85
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• 1991

Cell kinetics and the chemical mass action principle formulate the basis of immune system dynamics which may be synthesized mathematically as cascades of bilinear systems which are connected by nonlinear nondynamical terms. In this manner, a model for cell-mediated immune response (CMI) to tumor antigens and debris is developed. We also consider parametric control variables relevant to the latest experimental data, i.e., sigmoidal dose-response relationship and Michaelis-Menten dynamics. The preliminary results show that the parametric control variable is important in the destruction of tumors. As well as that, the exacerbation theory is a good method for tumor treatment. Finally, tumor control as an application of immunotherapy is analyzed from the basis established above.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2001

The PID controller has been widely applied to the most control systems because of its simple structure and east designing. One of the important points to design the PID control system is to tune the approximate control parameters for the given target system. To find the PID parameters using Ziegler Nichols(ZN) method needs a lot of experience and experiments to ensure the optimal performance. In this paper, CMIA(Cell Mediated Immune Algorithm) controller is proposed to drive the autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) more effectively. The proposed controller is based on specific immune responses of the biological immune system which is the cell mediated immunity. To verify the performance of the proposed CMIA controller, some experiments for the control of steering and speed of that AGV are performed. The tracking error of the AGV is mainly investigated for this purpose. As a result, the capability of realization and reliableness are proved by comparing the response characteristics of the proposed CMIA controllers with those of the conventional PID and NNPID(Neural Network PID) controller.