• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2006

Toxic effect of Hexavalent chromium $(CrO_3)$ on various cells and organs has been well recognized. However, the mechanism and degree of cytotoxicity of $CrO_3$ remain unclear. This study was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of $CrO_3$ on $C_6$ glioma cells by measuring cell viability. The XTT assay, one of the sensitive methods to determine the cell viability, was taken to examine the viability of glioma cells treated with $CrO_3$. In this study, not only decreased the number of glioma cells but morphologic changes of them were noted and cell viability decreased in a time and dose-dependent manner after treated with various concentrations of $CrO_3$ for 48hours. $IC_{90}\;and\;IC_{50}$ values in XTT assay were determined at $25{\mu}M\;and\;55{\mu}M$ $CrO_3$, respectively. These results suggest that Hexavalent chromium has a highly cytotoxic effect and has a time and dose-dependent cytotoxicity on $C_6$ glioma cells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.761-768
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• 1997

Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major causes of pulpal and periapical pathosis. The role of microorganisms in endodotic infection has been studied regarding the prevalence of particular organisms found in root canal and periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of culture supernatants of several oral microorganims isolated from infected root canals on the viability of cultured cell lines using colorimetirc assay. S. simulans, S. sciuri, E. faecium, S. intermedius, S. mitis, S. sanguis and S. uberis were incubated in Todd-Hewitt broth for 16 hours. 20 and 100ul of filtered bacterial cell culture supernatants were added to MK and Hep-2 cells. Cell viability was measured using MIT colorimetric assay. 20ul and 100u1 of S. sanguis supernatant showed significant cytotoxicity compared to control on MK cells. 100ul of S. sanguis supernatant significantly depressed viability of HEp-2 cells. E. faecium and S. intermedius did not affect the viability of MK and HEp-2 cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1988

In order to clarify effects of phytohormones on the viability and the cell wall regeneration of protoplasts isolated from Nicotiana tobacum L. var. BY4, protoplasts isolated from mesophyll tissue were cultured on the Murashige-Skoog liquid media supplemented with auxin(2, 4-D, NAA, IAA) and/or cytokinin (kinetin, BAP, 2ip). Viability of protopplasts was higher in the culture medium containing auxin and cytokinin, especially in the combination of 2, 4-D and BAP. The effectual cell wall regeneration of protolasts was observed when theprotoplasts were cultrued on the medium supplemented with auxin alone, especially with IAA. Cell wall regernation started from 2-3 days after culture and was not detected at budding regions. When the protoplasts were cultured on the phytohormone-free medium, the viability of protoplasts dramatically decreased 4 days after culture.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2013

As part of the research for the natural products about prostate-related disease, this study screened 159 plant species from 46 families, which included a total of 213 different kinds of local native plants and these plants were tested for the ability to inhibit LNCaP proliferation, an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line, and DU145 proliferation, which is a more aggressive androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line. The results indicated that nineteen of 213 types of plants exhibited antiproliferative activity (cell viability < 30%, $500{\mu}g/mL$) on the growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell lines, and five of them exhibited DU145 cell antiproliferative activity (cell viability < 30%, $500{\mu}g/mL$). The methanol extracts of Eurya emarginata (stems), Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis (leaves), Photinia glabra (leaves) and Elaeagnus macrophylla (leaves) showed antiproliferative activity on both the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells (cell viability < 30%) and androgen-insensitive DU145 cells (cell viability > 100%). The study also found that the methanol extracts of Styrax japonica (fruits), Aralia continentalis (leaves), Fagus crenata var. multinervis (stems), Thuja orientalis (stems) and Poncirus trifoliate (branches) presented the strongest activity and demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity on both cell lines (LNCaP and DU145 cell viability < 30%).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 1996

To investigate the characteristics of immobilized peppermint (Mentha piperita) cells, dry cell weight (DCW), change of cell viability, and oil productivity of the immobilized cells were determined. Peppermint cells were immobilized in polyurethane (PU) foams of $5{\times}5{\times}5$ mm and cultured in a shaking flask. The maximum DCW was 2.1 mg per foam piece after 20 days of cultivation and the cell density was approximately 420 mg per flask containing 200 foams in 200 ml medium. For the first five days of cultivation, the cell viability was about 80$%$ and decreased to 70$%$ during 5 to 20 days of cultivation. The maximum oil productivity, 148 mg/l was achieved after 40 days of cultivation. The immobilized cells were also cultivated in a bioreactor, equipped with a round spiral type impeller, containing 2, 400 PU foams. The cell viability after 30 days of cultivation with chitosan as an elicitor in the bioreactor was 67$%$ and DCW was 2.0 mg per foam piece. Though the cell viability was relatively high in the bioreactor system, the oil productivity was relatively lower than that of the flask system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2009

Exo-polysaccharide isolated from the culture of Grifola frondosa was modified by sodium periodate ($NaIO_4$) and sodium chlorite ($NaClO_2$) to delete polysaccharide part and phenolic compound, respectively, and was investigated what effect has each part of exo-polysaccharide against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Oxidative stress on LLC-PK1 cell was measured by cell viability, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity. Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 1 mM AAPH for 24 hr resulted in significant decrease in cell viability, SOD, and GSH-px action, and significant increase in lipid peroxidation. The treatment of exo-polysaccharide and $NaIO_4$ modified sample protected LLC-PK1 cells from AAPH-induced cell damage such as cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity in a dose dependant manner (10, 100, and $500{\mu}g/mL$). However, the treatment of $NaClO_2$ modified sample did not affect for cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity. The antioxidant activity of exo-polysaccharide was significantly decreased on AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cell system when phenolic compound was deleted. The antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the content of phenolic compound of exo-polysaccharide.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taurine and vitamin E on ovarian granulosa cells damaged by bromopropane (BP) in pigs. We evaluated cell viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and apoptotic morphological change in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. The cells were treated with 1-BP (0, 5.0, 10, and $50{\mu}M$), 2-BP (0, 5.0, 10, and 50 mM), taurine (0, 5.0, 10, and 25 mM), and vitamin E (0, 100, 200, and $400{\mu}M$) for 24 h. $10{\mu}M$ 1-BP and $50{\mu}M$ 2-BP inhibited viability and PMI, and induced apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells (p < 0.05). Cell viability and PMI were increased by taurine (10 and 25 mM) and vitamin E (100 and $200{\mu}M$), and apoptosis decreased (p < 0.05). Finally, the porcine ovarian granulosa cells were co-treated with BPs ($10{\mu}M$), taurine (10 mM) and/or vitamin E ($200{\mu}M$). Cell viability and PMI in the co-treated cells were increased, and apoptosis was decreased. In conclusion, taurine and vitamin E can improve cell viability and inhibition of apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells damaged by bromopropane.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitrification in the cryopreservation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells could be useful for tooth banking. Methods: In step 1, primary cultured human PDL cells were cryopreserved in 100% conventional cryopreservation media and 100% vitrification media (ESF40 media) in different temperatures for 2 weeks. In step 2, a series of modified vitrification formulae named T1 (75% vitrification media + 25% F-media), T2 (50% vitrification media + 50% F-media) and T3 (25% vitrification media + 75% F-media) were used to store PDL cells for 2 weeks and 4 weeks in liquid nitrogen. MTT assay was performed to examine the viability of PDL cells. Results: Maximum cell viability was achieved in cells stored in 100% conventional cryopreservation media at $-196^{\circ}C$ (positive control group) in step 1. Compared to the positive control group, viability of the cells stored in 100% vitrification media was very low as 10% in all test conditions. In step 2, as the percentage of vitrification media decreased, the cell viability increased in cells stored for 2 weeks. In 4-week storage of cells in step 2, higher cell viability was observed in the T2 group than the other vitrification formulae while the positive control group had the highest viability. There was no statistically significant difference in the cell viability of 2-week and 4-week stored cells in the T2 group. Conclusions: These observations indicate 100% vitrification media is not successful in PDL cell cryopreservation. Conventional cryopreservation media is currently the most appropriate media type for this purpose while T2 media would be interesting to test for long-term storage of PDL cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2008

Zinc plays a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis but the clear mechanism has not been proposed yet. In the present study, we evaluated whether zinc modulates atherosclerotic markers, VACM-1 and ICAM-1 and cell viability both in endothelial cells in vitro and mouse aortic cell viability ex vivo. In study 1, as in vitro model, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were treated with $TNF{\alpha}$ for 5 hours for inducing oxidative stress, and then treated with Zn-adequacy ($15\;{\mu}M$ Zn) or Zn-deficiency ($0\;{\mu}M$ Zn) for 6 hours. Pro-atherosclerosis factors, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression and cell viability was measured. In study 2, as ex vivo model, mouse aorta ring was used. Mourse aorta was removed and cut in ring then, cultured in a 96-well plate. Aortic ring was treated with various $TNF{\alpha}$ (0-30 mg/ml) and intracellular zinc chelator, N, N, N', N', -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN, $0-30\;{\mu}M$) for cellular zinc depletion for 2 days and then cell viability was measured. The results showed that in in vitro study, Zn-adequate group induced more VCAM-1 & ICAM-1 mRNA expression than Zn-deficient group during 6-hour zinc treatment post-5 hour TNF-$\alpha$ treatment, unexpectedly. These results might be cautiously interpreted that zinc would biologically induce the early expression of anti-oxidative stress through the increased adhesion molecule expression for reducing atherosclerotic action, particularly under the present 6-hour zinc treatment. In ex vivo, mouse aortic ring cell viability was decreased as TNF-$\alpha$ and TPEN levels increased, which suggests that mouse aortic blood vessel cell viability was decreased, when oxidative stress increases and cellular zinc level decreases. Taken together, it can be suggested that zinc may have a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis by cell viability in endothelial cells and aorta tissue. Further study is needed to clarify how pro-atherosclerosis molecule expression is modulated by zinc.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.561-562
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• 2003

Hybridoma cell is very important in point of producing monoclonal antibody(Mab). Producing large quantity of Mab is economically valuable. On this experiment, we used one of hybridoma cell line, 5F12 AD3, and treated various antibiotics such as genetitin(G418), ciprofloxacin and minocycline to improve cell viability and we expect that improving cell viability brings higher concentrations of Mab. The optimum concentration of each antibiotics for improving cell viability were 10ug/ml for G418, 1ug/ml or 10ug/ml for ciprofloxacin and 1ug/ml for minocycline.