• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.818-828
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean adolescents. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 577 adolescents in two middle schools and three high schools. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 3 factors explaining 55.45% of total variance. The factors were labeled as withdrawal/tolerance (7 items), life dysfunction (6 items), and compulsion/persistence (7 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .92. Scale scores identified students as cell phone addicted, heavy users, or average users. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the cell phone addiction scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of depression, stress, and self-efficacy on the addiction to cell phone use among university students. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires from 563 students and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. Results: The proportion of depressed subjects was 52.6%. The addictive group scored higher than the non-addictive group in depression rate and stress, but scored lower in self-efficacy. Out of the subjects, 32.9% were found to be addictive users, 31.3% at potential risk, and 1.6% at high risk. Significant variables influencing addictive users were stress, self-efficacy, and the user's general characteristics including monthly spending money, sex, the hours of daily use, and the main method of use. Conclusion: It is concluded that such variables leading university students to the addiction of cell phone use.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify cell phone addiction in school-age children and factors influencing addiction. Methods: The participants were 163 parents of elementary school students in the 1st to 4th grades. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires completed by the parents, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 IBM program. Results: Of the children, 86.5% were reported as being average users, 9.2%, at risk users, and 4.3%, at high risk users. Cell phone addiction in the children was significantly different according to games played by the children and parents' monthly income. Significant factors influencing cell phone addiction in the children were children's self-control, games played by the children, parents' cell phone addiction and parental control for children's cell phone use, explaining 24% of variance in cell phone addiction. Conclusion: The findings indicate that cell phone addiction in school-age children is influenced by parent-related factors as well as personal factors. Therefore approaches to education programs on cell phone use in school-age children should include parent-related factors as well as personal factors of the children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the cell phone utilization and depression among the Korean elderly living alone using '2014 Korean National Survey on Older Adults. A total of 2,493 survey data of the elders living alone 65 years or more was included in the analysis. The degree of the cell phone utilization were categorized into (1) No cell phone, (2) Only phone calls, (3) Phone calls and text messages, and (4) Searching news and information through the internet surfing. The results showed that 81.5% elderly living alone had a cell phone. The 'no cell phone' group was 19.5% while 'information search' group was 3.5% among the elderly living alone and has more probability of depression than 'information search' group (OR=0.064, 95% CI=0.018-0.227), which indicates that as elders living alone utilize their cell phone more, the probability of the depression decreased. This result implies that elders living alone who utilize their cell phone more are engaged in social interaction more and this can lead to decrease in depression.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.2006 no.10
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• pp.218-222
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• 2006

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2013

This study elementary status of the investigation and analysis of smart phone use, and utilize of smart phones educational ways was carried out in order to investigate. In this study, factors commonly associated with the use of smart phones, in school area, gender, grade, and the need for a smart phone, smart phone using, whether for general cell phone use was a total of six tablets. General knowledge, attitude, practice about the factors and smart phone levels were analyzed using a smart phone and do not use the group's collective knowledge, attitudes, and practice levels were analyzed. To take advantage of the smart phone utilizing educational strategies were suggested, the general situation for smart phones and questionnaires were analyzed by a positive phenomenon. But Educational effect was neutral or negative views. We suggest the analysis of the educational utilization of smartphones on elementary students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents of young children, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Methods: The scale was developed through construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. Participants were 465 parents and 178 children. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency, and split-half reliability. Results: Twenty items were categorized into three factors explaining 60.3% of total variance. Factors were named as withdrawal - 4 items, loss of control - 9 items, and persistence - 7 items. Scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, cell phone use, and cell phone addiction of children as measured by a scale for Korean children. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .94, and Guttman coefficient was .87. Scale scores identified children as high risk users, at risk users, or average users by standard scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cell phone addiction in young children.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.576-582
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• 2016

Currently, every person possesses a smart phone due to the development of the IT industry. However, crosswalk pedestrian accidents have been sharply increasing due to smart phone use. If a traffic light can recognize smart phones when a smart-phone user approaches and arrives at a given sign, many accidents could be reduced by using beacon signals. Before the era of smart phones, the accident rate involving cell phone use was relatively low. Nevertheless, when considering the development of IT equipment that produces a threat to human life, government cannot regulate smart phone use outside. The purpose of this paper is to indirectly warn a smart phone user in order to reduce the accident rates.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1337-1341
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second principal cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, including Malaysia. This study focused on media choice and attempted to determine the communication channels mostly used and preferred by women in seeking information and knowledge about breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to examine the breast cancer prevention information seeking behavior among 450 students at one private university in Malaysia. Results: The mean age of respondents was $25{\pm}4.3years$. Common interpersonal information sources were doctors, friends, and nurses and common channel information sources were television, brochure, and internet. Overall, 89.9% used cell phones, 46.1% had an interest in receiving cell phone breast cancer prevention messages, 73.9% used text messaging, and 36.7% had an interest in receiving text breast cancer prevention messages. Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences among age, eduation, nationality and use of cell phones. Conclusions: Assessment of health information seeking behavior is important for community health educators to target populations for program development.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 2013

This study explored social media use among 50 adolescents attending a public high school in a non-Western community. Adolescents participated in focus group interviews and completed a written self-report survey. Findings revealed that these teenagers use electronic communication forms such as phone texting and social networking sites to connect with friends and family. They show a preference for Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram, do not engage in risky Internet behavior, and acknowledge both positive and negative aspects of electronic communication forms. In addition, their selection of electronic communication forms is dependent upon several factors that include the strength of the relationship and type of discourse exchange. For example, they reserve phone texting and cell use, which are more private communication mediums for family and friends. Electronic communication did not replace face-to-face interactions; rather it complemented and extended those interactions. Findings support existing literature on adolescent social media use and those shared with other collectivist cultural groups.