• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair and is essential for cell viability. The RAD3 encoded protein possesses a single stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA and DNA-RNA helicase activities. To examine the extent of conservation of structure and function of a S. pombe RAD3 during eukaryotic evolution, the RAD3 homolog gene was isolated by screening of genomic DNA library. The isolated gene was designated as HRD3 (homolog of RAD3 gene). Southern blot analysis confirmed that S. pombe chromosome contains the same DNA as HRD3 gene and this gene exists as a single copy in S. pombe. The transcript of 2.8 kb was detected by Northern blot analysis, The level of transcripts increased by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, indicating that HRD3 is one of the UV-inducible genes in S. pombe. Furthermore, the predicted partial sequence of HRD3 protein has 60％ identity to S. cerevisiae RAD3 gene. This homology was particularly striking in the regions identified as being conserved in a group of DNA helicases. Gene deletion experiments indicate that the HRD3 gene is essential for viability and DNA repair function. These observations suggest evolutionary conservation of other protein components with which HRD3 might interact in mediating its DNA repair and viability functions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.700-706
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• 2000

Iron- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (FeZnSOD) and nickel-containing superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) are cytoplamic enzymes in Streptomyces griseus. The sodF gene coding for FeZnSOD was cloned from genomic Southern hybridization analysis with a 0.5-kb DNA probe, which was PCR-amplified with facing primers corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid of the purified FeZnSOD of S. griseus and a C-terminal region which is conserved among bacterial FeSODs and MnSODs. The sodF open reading frame (ORF) was comprised of 213 amino acid (22,430 Da), and the deduced sequence of the protein was highly homologous (86% identity) to that of FeZnSOD of Streptomyces coelicolor. The FeZnSOD expression of exponentially growing S. griseus cell was approximately doubled as the cell growth reached the early stationary phase. The growth-associated expression of FeZnSOD was mainly controlled at the transcriptional level, and the regulation was exerted through the 110 bp regulatory DNA upstream from the ATG initiation codon of the sodF gene.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

The interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase PKR plays a key role in interferon-mediated host defense against viral infection, and is implicated in cellular transformation and apoptosis. We have isolated a cDNA of simian PKR encoding a product with 83% amino acid identity to the human homolog and showed that PKR expression is significantly attenuated in the Vero E6 African green monkey kidney cells devoid of type I interferon genes. A variant form of PKR lacking the exon 12 in the kinase domain is produced in these cells, presumably from an alternatively spliced transcript. Unlike wild type PKR, the variant protein named PKR-${\Delta}E12$ is incapable of auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation of eIF2-${\alpha}$, indicating that the kinase sub-domains III and IV embedded in exon 12 are indispensable for catalytic function. PKR-${\Delta}E12$ had no dominant negative effect but was weakly phosphorylated in trans by wild type PKR.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-304
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• 2018

Microbes is becoming increasingly forensic possibility as a consequence of advances in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and bioinformatics. Human DNA typing is the best identifier, but it is not always possible to extract a full DNA profile namely its degradation and low copy number, and it may have limitations for identical twins. To overcome these unsatisfactory limitations, forensic potential for bacteria found in evidence could be used to differentiate individuals. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that better protects the bacterial nucleoid compared to the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Humans have an extremely diverse microbiome that may prove useful in determining human identity and may even be possible to link the microbes to the person responsible for them. Microbial composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals. Therefore, MPS of human microbiome could be used to identify biological samples from the different individuals, specifically for twins and other cases where standard DNA typing doses not provide satisfactory results due to degradation of human DNA. Microbial forensics is a new discipline combining forensic science and microbiology, which can not to replace current STR analysis methods used for human identification but to be complementary. Among the fields of microbial forensics, this paper will briefly describe information on the current status of microbiome research such as metagenomic code, salivary microbiome, pubic hair microbiome, microbes as indicators of body fluids, soils microbes as forensic indicator, and review microbial forensics as the feasibility of microbiome-based human identification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.655-660
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• 1998

To produce blastocysts more efficiently, it is required to identity accurately the factors involving embryonic cleavage in the chemically defined medium. Effects of pyruvate, lactate, calcium and protein sources on early cleavage of bovine follicular oocytes were investigated. The percentage of IVF embryos cleaved to ${\geq}$ 2-cell or ${\geq}$ 8-cell was higher in pyruvate (+) and lactate (+) (48 or 14%) than in pyruvate (-) and lactate (-) (22% or 4%), than in pyruvate (+) and lactate (-) (28% or 5%) and than in pyruvate (-) and lactate (+) (40% or 10%). Lactate was more effective than pyruvate during early cleavage of bovine embryos in the chemically defined medium. The percentage of IVF embryo cleaved to ${\geq}$ 2-cell and ${\geq}$ 8-cell in calcium (-) (19 and 6%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in calcium (+) (78 and 45%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 2-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (57, 57 and 57%). Also the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 2-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (40, 35 and 28%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 8-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (33, 23, and 22%). However, the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 8-cell in BSA (24%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in 1 and 20% FBS (13 and 8%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ morula showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1, 10 and 20% FBS (76, 76, 80 and 68%). The percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ morula in 10% FBS (59%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 20% FBS (43%). The percentage of embryos developed to blastocyst showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1, 10 and 20% FBS (34, 41, 43 and 32%). However, the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ blastocysts in 10% FBS (25%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in 20% FBS (8%).

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.463-466
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• 1997

We have recently demonstrated, by protein and cDNA sequence analysis, that prorenin converting enzyme (PRECE) in the mouse submandibular gland is identical to the epidermal growth factor-binding protein (EGF-BP)type B. However, type A and C did not show prorenin converting activity. To demonstrate whether r-NGF is involved in prorenin processing, we have cloned cDNA of r-NGF and examined prorenin converting activity using the CHO cell expression system, Trypsin converted the 33 kDa r-NGF precursor produced in CHO cells to a two-chain form, 9.4 and 16.4 kDa polypeptide chains, which has been known as an active form of r-NGF in mouse SMG (Server and Shooter, 1976). However, the two chain forms of r-NGF did not reveal prorenin-processing activity. Thus, only PRECE is involved in prorenin processing in mouse SMG. This result shows that their substrate specificities appear to be very strict, although some kallikreins share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.344-348
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• 2010

Messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) are used to transport mRNAs along neuronal dendrites to their site of translation. Staufen2 is an mRNA-binding protein expressed in the cell bodies and cellular processes of different brain cells. It is notably involved in the transport of dendritic mRNAs along microtubules. Its knockdown expression was shown to change spine morphology and impair synaptic functions. However, the identity of Staufen2-bound mRNAs in brain cells is still completely unknown. As a mean to identify these mRNAs, we immunoprecipitated Staufen2-containing mRNPs from embryonic rat brains and used a genome wide approach to identify Staufen2-associated mRNAs. The genome wide approach identified 1780 mRNAs in Staufen2-containing mRNPs that code for proteins involved in cellular processes such as post-translational protein modifications, RNA metabolism, intracellular transport and translation. These results represent an additional and important step in the characterization of Staufen2- mediated neuronal functions in rat brains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2005

Two morphologically different species of Peridinium were frequently observed in natural samples collected monthly from Togyo Reservoir. One was previously identified as P. bipes Stein f. occultatum (Lindem.) Lef. (Ki and Han 2005), the other was remained uncertainly so far. We resolved their identity, based on the morphological observations with scanning electron microscopy. The formula of epithecal plate was recorded with 7 precingular, 3 intercalary and 4 apical plates (4', 3a, 7'). An apical pore was apparently present. The conspicuous morphology of the Peridinium was three spines on the hypothecal plates. The average body length and width were $33.6\;{\mu}m$ with a range of $26\~45{\mu}m$, and 25.7 with a range of $19\~31{\mu}m$, respectively; the cell was, therefore, shown slightly elongated. Based on their morphological characteristics, the causative organism was identified as P. aciculiferum (Lemm.), which was reported for the first time in Korean freshwater.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2007

This paper presents the performance evaluation of PV systems installed at Tibet area of China in order to identity the key factors that determines system operation at a severe climate conditions and promote the cooperation of PV technology between Korea and China. The installed systems consist of 100kW on-grid connected PV systems, BOS(balance of systems), data acquisition and transmission equipments. The Korea side supplied the solar cell, BOS like as inverter, control box and monitoring system. And the Chinese side assembled solar module, constructed site and built control house. It has been shown that the average radiation per monthly from Tibet is 1.5 times larger than that from Mokpo. Also, radiation time from Tibet is 2hour higher than that from Korea. The economical analysis has shown that with the current prices, investment in a grid connected PV systems is generally profitable

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.841-850
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• 2014

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are conserved chromatin regulators involved in the control of key developmental programs in eukaryotes. They collectively provide the transcriptional memory unique to each cell identity by maintaining transcriptional states of developmental genes. PcG proteins form multi-protein complexes, known as Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). PRC1 and PRC2 contribute to the stable gene silencing in part through catalyzing covalent histone modifications. Components of PRC1 and PRC2 are well conserved from plants to animals. PcG-mediated gene silencing has been extensively investigated in efforts to understand molecular mechanisms underlying developmental programs in eukaryotes. Here, we describe our current knowledge on PcG-mediated gene repression which dictates developmental programs by dynamic layers of regulatory activities, with an emphasis given to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.