• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 1998

To analyze the unique aspects of biomolecular processing for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production and secretion, the simple working model based on 3-compartment (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and extracellular medium) was developed. Based on in vitro MAb assembly experimental results, the kinetic model for MAb assembly in the endoplasmic reticulumn was proposed. The dynamics of MAb assembly and secretion was simulated using methematica program. According to the simulation results, the proposed 3-compartment model provides an efficient means to predict the specific MAb productivity as well as intracompartmental concentrations of MAb in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and extracellular compartment model. In vivo profiles of MAb intermediates gave good agreements with the simulation profiles predicted by the intracellular compartment model. Furthermore, results of such analysis can help in directing the control strategy for optimum biomolecular processing in a mammalian cell culture system.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.221-224
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• 2003

Leaf explants of Ixeris sonchifolia produced adventitious shoots at a frequency of 100% when cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.44, 4.44, or 8.87 ${\mu}M$) and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, or MS medium supplemented with 22.19 ${\mu}M$ BA and 2.69 ${\mu}M\;\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after four weeks of culture. Each explants (approximately $3{\times}6mm$) produced greater than 70 shoots at a combination of 0.44 ${\mu}M$ BA and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA. Leaf explants produced shoots at a frequency of greater than 80% even at as low as 0.13 ${\mu}M$ BA as the sole growth regulator. Upon transfer to one-third strength MS with 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, excised adventitious shoots were rooted at a frequency of 100%. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. The competence of I. sonchifolia for plant regeneration via organogenesis appears to be greater than the competence of tobacco, currently the best model plant for organogenesis.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2023

Background: Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a rich source of antioxidants, can prevent various diseases and improve human health. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of broccoli sprout extract on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and cisplatin in cell and organ tissue models. Methods: Antioxidative effect of BSE was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS in RAW 364.7 cells, and effects of BSE on testes were investigated using Cisplatin-induced testicular damage model with an in vitro organ culture system. Results: The DPPH assay showed that the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic broccoli sprout extract was higher than that of the water extract. Additionally, the expression levels of antioxidation-related genes, Nrf2, Gsr, HO-1, and catalase, were significantly increased in broccoli sprout extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and the extract suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on the results in the RAW 264.7 cell culture, the antioxidative effects of the extracts were investigated in a mouse testis fragment culture. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and Ddx4 was clearly decreased in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments and not in both broccoli sprout extract- and cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments. In addition, the oxidative marker O-HdG was strongly detected in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments, and these signals were reduced by broccoli sprout extract treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study show that broccoli sprout extracts could serve as potential nutraceutical agents as they possess antioxidant effects in the testes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

It is reported that a fermented soybean food, Doenjang, has srong antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of Chungkookjang, another traditional popular Korean soybean fermented food, on growth of cancer cells: HL-60, SNU-638 and MCF-7, and also its in vivo antitumorigenic effect in DMBA-induced mammary tumor rat model. For the in vitro study, Chungkookjang and steamed soybeans were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractioned with 5 kinds of solvents differing in grades of polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Almost all Chungkookjang extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 (human leukemic cancer cell), SNU-638 (human gastric cancer cell) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell) when compared to steamed soybean extracts. Butanol fraction of Chungkookjang extract especially showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in all the three kinds of cancer cells. To induce a mammary gland tumor, DMBA (50 mg/BW) was administered to 50 day-old female rats and followed by Chungkookjang or steamed soybean supplemented diets. Freezedried Chungkookjang powder (20% of diet in wet weight) was added to AIN-93G based diet for the Chungkookjang group of rats. Likewise, steamed soybean powder containing equal protein content to that of Chungkookjang powder was supplemented to soybean group of rats. At 13 weeks later, the mammary tumor incidence, average tumor number and tumor weight a rat were lower in Chungkookjang group compared to the control or soybean group. In conclusion, Chungkookjang showed a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as a more preventive effect against chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, while steamed soybeans did not. Therefore, these results suggest that Chungkookjang acquire its anticancer activity through the fermentation process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

Bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells which can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and other lineages. In spite of the broad interest, the information about the changes in BM cell composition, in particularly about the variation of MSC number and their properties in relation to the age of the donor is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the age associated changes in variations of BM cell composition, phenotype and differentiation capacities of MSC using a rat model. Cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry using light scattering parameters, DNA content and a set of monoclonal antibodies. Single cell analysis was performed by conventional fluorescent microscopy. In vitro culture of MSC was established and their phenotype and capability for in vitro differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic cells was shown. Age related changes in tibiae and femurs, amount of BM tissue, BM cell composition, proportions of separated MSC and yield of MSC in 2 weeks of in vitro culture were found. At the same time, neither change in phenotype no in differentiation capacities of MSC was registered. Age-related changes of the number of MSC should be taken into account whenever MSC are intended to be used for investigations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2019

Angelica gigas has been used as a Korean traditional medicine for pain relief and gynecological health. Although the extracts are reported to have an anti-inflammatory property, the bioactive compounds of the herbal plant and the effect on T cell responses are unclear. In this study, we identified decursinol angelate (DA) as an immunomodulatory ingredient of A. gigas and demonstrated its suppressive effect on type 17 helper T (Th17) cell responses. Helper T cell culture experiments revealed that DA impeded the differentiation of Th17 cells and IL-17 production without affecting the survival and proliferation of CD4 T cells. By using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model, we determined the therapeutic potential of DA for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. DA treatment attenuated the severity of colitis including a reduction in weight loss, colon shortening, and protection from colonic tissue damage induced by DSS administration. Intriguingly, Th17 cells concurrently with neutrophils in the colitis tissues were significantly decreased by the DA treatment. Overall, our experimental evidence reveals for the first time that DA is an anti-inflammatory compound to modulate inflammatory T cells, and suggests DA as a potential therapeutic agent to manage inflammatory conditions associated with Th17 cell responses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.531-540
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• 2022

Due to the high incidence of malignant melanoma, the establishment of in vitro models that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment is of great biological and clinical importance for tumor treatment and drug research. In this study, 3D printing technology was used to prepare GelMA/PEGDA composite scaffolds that mimic the microenvironment of human malignant melanoma cell (A375) growth and construct in vitro melanoma micro-models. The GelMA/PEGDA hybrid scaffold was tested by the mechanical property, cell live/dead assay, cell proliferation assay, cytoskeleton staining and drug loading assay. The growth of tumor cells in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and the anti-cancer effect of luteolin were evaluated using the live/dead staining method and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The results showed a high aggregation of tumor cells on the 3D scaffold, which was suitable for long-term culture. Cytoskeleton staining and immunofluorescent protein staining were used to evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor cells under 2D and 3D culture systems. The results indicated that 3D bioprinted scaffolds were more suitable for tumor cell expansion and differentiation, and the tumor cells were more aggressive. In addition, luteolin was time- and dose-dependent on tumor cells, and tumor cells in the 3D culture system were more resistant to the drug.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A model of induction of neoplasia by viruses has develpoed from experimental studies in animals and in cultured cells and oncogenic transformation of cells is the result of integration of viral genetic information into the cellular DNA. The evidence for these associations was derived primarily from seroepidemiologic investigation. However, data indicating that the relation between HSV-2 and cervical cancer fits the model derived from experimental animal studies are not yet sufficient to draw conclusion with regard to the etiologic role the virus in the development of the neoplasms. In other hand, the K562 tumor cell is highly susceptible target for natural killer cell lysis by the lymphocytes of human and murine periperal blood. The characteristics of this effector cell type has been investigated. A study on natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity(NKMC) against $^{51}Cr$-K562 as target cell was studed in HSV-2 infected ICR mouse. We have studied for susceptibility of HSV-2 against mouse embryo fibroblast(MEF) cells and NKMC from HSV-2 infected mouse. The results obtained that the mouse embryo fibroblast cells culture, the number and size of the cells were markedly increased and formed a monolayers relatively rapid, and become complete monolayer sheet around 72 hrs. Duration of cytopathic effect on MEF cells was rapid by serial passing of HSV-2. The morphology of the HSV-2 infected cells appear to be mainly round, ovium, spindle form and some of them was forming large giant cells. The NKMC was decrease in mouse with HSV-2 and comparison between effector/target cells ratio as 25:1 and 50:1 respectively, the NKMC was found to be more significantly decreased than normal control we have concluded that the natural killer cell activity of the viral infected mouse was shown as a suppressed during the HSV-2 infection, day 7th and 14th.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.518-526
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• 2013

Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are critical to the development and progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic diseases. In this study, the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on gut-derived lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were evaluated using a human colonic microbiota model. Lactobacillus reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis, B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. longum subsp. infantis were identified from the literature for their anti-inflammatory potential. Each bacterial culture was administered daily to a human colonic microbiota model during 14 days. Colonic lipopolysaccharides, and Gram-positive and negative bacteria were quantified. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with supernatant from the human colonic microbiota model. Concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-4 cytokines were measured. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations were significantly reduced with the administration of B. bifidum ($-46.45{\pm}5.65%$), L. rhamnosus ($-30.40{\pm}5.08%$), B. longum ($-42.50{\pm}1.28%$), and B. longum subsp. infantis ($-68.85{\pm}5.32%$) (p < 0.05). Cell counts of Gram-negative and positive bacteria were distinctly affected by the probiotic administered. There was a probiotic strain-specific effect on immunomodulatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. B. longum subsp. infantis demonstrated higher capacities to reduce TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations ($-69.41{\pm}2.78%$; p < 0.05) and to increase IL-4 concentrations ($+16.50{\pm}0.59%$; p < 0.05). Colonic lipopolysaccharides were significantly correlated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that specific probiotic bacteria, such as B. longum subsp. infantis, might decrease colonic lipopolysaccharide concentrations, which might reduce the proinflammatory tone. This study has noteworthy applications in the field of biotherapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 1989

From the on-line mass spectrometric analyese of the exhaust gaseous composition of fermentor and the material balance equations for oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) were calculate using a personal computer (IBM PC-AT) interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectromter. The calculate OUR and CER were used for the indirect estimation of cell and substrate concentrations during the batch culture of Candida utilis. For the estimation of sustrate concentration, the yield model of Pirt was applied. It was found that the cell and substrate (glucose) concentration could be ssatisfactorily estimataed and the results showed the more accurate estimations of both fermentation state variables when OUR data were used than CER data.