• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.568-573
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• 2009

Because of environmental crisis, researchers are seeking and developing a new, clean, safe and renewable energy. Solar cell energy and fuel cell energy have inestimable development potential. The paper introduces hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell generation systems supplying a remote power load and hybrid system of solar cell and fuel cell considering the advantages of stable and sustainable energy from the economic point of view. Fuel cell power system has been proven a viable technology to back up severe PV power fluctuations under inclement weather conditions. Fuel cell power generation, containing small land us, is able to alleviate the heavy burden for large surface requirement of PV power plants. In addition, the PV-fuel cell hybrid power system shows a very little potential for lifetime $CO_2$ emissions. In this paper shows the I-V characteristics of the solar module which are dependent on the power of the halogen lamp and the I-V characteristics of fuel cells which are connected in parallel. Also, it shows efficiency of the hybrid system.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

The effect of the core cell shape on shock absorption characteristics of biomimetically inspired honeycomb structures has been numerically investigated. The finite element models of honeycomb test specimen composed of five core cells of identical mass have been constructed, and numerical simulations have been run on PAMCRASH. The dimensions of the sides of core cells as well as the angle between the sides have been shown to influence the shock absorption characteristics of the honeycomb structure. The specimen with regular hexagonal core cell shape is found to show the best shock absorbing capacity, and specimen with rectangle-like core cell are found to provide good shock absorbing characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2006

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-doped homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) cells driven by in-plane field were fabricated and their electro-optic characteristics were investigated. Effective cell retardation values in an absence of an electric field between doped and undoped LC were the same each other. In the presence of an electric field, however, measured effective cell retardation value was smaller in the CNT-doped cell than in the undoped cell so that the transmittance was slightly smaller in the CNT-doped cell than in the undoped cell. In addition, the CNT-doped cell exhibited slight increase in driving voltage and decrease in response time compared to the undoped cell. The CNT effects on electro-optic characteristics of the cell were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2009

A clean and highly efficient energy production has long been sought to solve energy and environmental problems. A fuel cell energy is expected to be a key to solve the problems. The emissions of fuel cell is low, the by-product is low, the by-product is pure water. This paper shows the I-R and V-R characteristics of fuel cell which are connected in parallel and series. In addition, the voltage of the fuel cells which are connected in parallel is less than the voltage of the fuel cells which are connected in series.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2004

Output power of a photovoltaic system changes continuously as it strongly depends on the weather condition(isolation and temperature). Therefore, it is necessary the theoretical model realizes the electrical output characteristics of solar cell. Of several theoretical models for real solar cell, both parametric model and interpolation model are used widely. In this paper, we have propose a improved model of solar cell using its output characteristics that can be extended to calculate the rear solar cell characteristics at various temperatures and insolation. And more, the theoretical research of several models of solar cell using simulation analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

Feasibility of the small capacity fuel cell powered vehicle is carried out for system design with loading characteristics. The major design concepts which include battery, driving motor, and fuel cell module are analyzed and discussed for the future development. A load characteristics program is developed in order to calculate the traction power of fuel cell vehicle according to the driving courses specified. Further, the small capacity fuel cell vehicle is analyzed to determine the capacity of stack as a function of the velocity for an appropriate power required.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.425-432
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• 2004

In this paper, we introduce the analog memory fabricated in a 0.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ single poly standard CMOS process. We measured the programming characteristics of the analog memory cell such as linearity, reliability etc. Finally, we found that the characteristics of the programming of the cell depend on the magnitude and the width of the programming pulse, and that the accuracy of the programming within 10mV is feasible under the optimal condition. In order to standardize the characteristics of the cell, we have investigated numbers of cells. Thus we have used a program named Labview and a data acquisition board to accumulate the data related to the programming characteristics automatically.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 1995

The effect of initial cell concentration on the characteristics of ethanol fermentation was investigated in the batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 24858. The characteristics were investigated in the range of 60 to 230 g/l of the initial sugar concentrations and 0.5 to 85 g/l of the initial cell concentrations. When the initial cell concentrations were 27 g/l for 60 g/l of the initial sugar and 85 g/l for 230 g/l, the fermentation time required for the complete consumption of the initial sugar was one hour, respectively. The ethanol productivity increased with the initial cell concentration so that, in the case of 100 g/l of initial sugar, the productivity rose up to 55 g/l/hr at 55 g/l of the initial cell concentration. The specific growth rate decreased according to the increase in the initial biomass concentration and finally became zero at around 25 g/l of the cell concentration regardless of the initial sugar concentration. The specific ethanol production rate was constant as 1.02 g/l/hr up to 150 g/l of the initial sugar. However, the rates decreased sharply with the augmentation of concentration of the initial sugar above 160 g/l. The overall ethanol yield represented a constant value, 0.475 g/g irrespective of the initial cell and sugar concentrations. The overall biomass yietd showed a trend to diminish in values with the biomass and ultimately to reach zero more than 25 g/l of the initial cell concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.549-552
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• 1999

We have developed an novel vertical-alignment (VA) - $\pi$ cell mode that provides a wide viewing angle and fast response times for negative dielectric anisotropy nematic liquid crystal (NLC) on a homeotropic polyimide (PI) surfaces. We had the good voltage-transmittance curves and low driving voltages were achieved with the novel VA - $\pi$ cell mode without negative compensation film. Iso-viewing angle characteristics using the novel VA - $\pi$ cell mode without negative compensation film of NLC was also successfully observed. As well a fast response time of 31.7ms for the novel VA - $\pi$ cell mode was measured. Consequently, It is seen that by using the novel VA - $\pi$ cell mode the iso-viewing angle, fast response time, and low driving voltage characteristics can be achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.224-226
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• 1995

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell are expected as an electric and thermal power source of the urban cogenerating system because MCFC have higher electric power efficiency and better thermal power quality. This study has examined generation characteristics of unit cell for MCFC.