• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2018

There have been a number of major fatal fire accidents in Korea recently. The number of fires in 2017 were 44,178, which is not only increasing number of fires but also increasing in casualties. Particularly, the fire at Jecheon Sports Center, which suffered many casualties, is expected to have a huge impact. The cause of the fire has not been determined yet, but heat waves on the ceiling have also been pointed out. As such, the copper heating waves, which are used as a preventive measure against damage of pipes due to freezing of pipes, etc., always have a fire hazard. To determine the possibility of a flame-resistant heated fire, a positive electric cable product was used to artificially ignite and analyze the results. In case of a short circuit, the external covering of the positive electric cable is damaged, but not short circuit unless the heating material surrounding the wire is damaged. Due to the characteristics of heating cable for preventing copper waves, the chances of insulation becoming more severe due to moisture and temperature changes are higher than normal wires. If the internal heating system is carbonized by insulating deterioration without damage to the outer coating, it is likely to cause trekking, to form a winding loop in the heating materials, and to cause short circuit in the heated materials. For the positive temperature line, if the middle is shorted, the current continues to flow to the short circuit unless the breaker disconnects. Consequently, a heated fire that does not cut off the power immediately may leave multiple marks or cuts.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of the bedroom environment of nursing homes for the elderly in Korea. Field case research was performed using a structured checklist and measurements, from Oct. 28th to Dec. 2nd, 2006. Collected data were analyzed for cognitive efficiency, privacy, safety, supportiveness and amenity. Based on nursing homes for the elderly nationwide (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2006), we choose 43 facilities in which Seoul and six megalopolis areas that had answered our questionnaire in 2006. We then narrowed the list to 14 facilities, balanced them in terms of regional population. The contents of investigation consisted of eight categories: that general characteristics of the bedrooms (including number of residents per room, using a bed or floor mat, the size and shape of the chamber, space for wheelchair turning, signage), door of bedroom (including door, doorknob, door sill/level difference), windows in the bedroom(including type of window, window sill height, window treatment, window safety device/shape, view/daylight), furniture (including personal furniture and lock), finishes (material, character and color of wall, floor, ceiling), lighting (including types of lighting, night lighting, switch), bathroom in the bedroom (including signage, door size/type, doorknob shape, height of the washbowl, size of toilet bowl, handrail, finishes), and other facilities (including outlet and handrails).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Among the community-based cultural facilities, public libraries are places for social and educational purpose that improve the education of the resident, the expansion of the basic cultural education, communication between the members of society, and the accumulations and preservations of the culture. Public libraries should be a local cultural facility that expresses the value of a community. This study aims to analyze the design expression of publicness in a public branch library as a community-based cultural space through the study of branch library in the U.S. This study focused on the most future-oriented and innovative Ten New Landmark Libraries in the United States selected by Library Journal magazine in 2011. Among the selected libraries, three branch libraries which belongs Arizona Maricopa County were included in the study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the sites of the branch libraries vary geographically, but the libraries increase accessibility are caused by unique appearances and design concept of intellectual interest. Second, the floor plan shows the separation of meeting rooms and faculty space from the public space and has visual and spatial open space by high ceiling of the reading room. Third, multi-functional public space for residents are meeting rooms, the external patios for reading, galleries, cafes, libraries-shops which provides a variety of cultural programs, activities, and the opportunity to socialize neighbors. Fourth, branch Libraries have unique designs that harmonizes with nearby places to reflect locality, giving the locals a sense of pride in their community. Fifth, concrete brick and metal panel were used as finishing material for the practicality of maintenance. In particular, transparent glass envelope allows the locals to stay for long time due to openness and brightness of space.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5450-5456
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• 2011

In order to build a ship, painting on ship cargo tank is one of the most dangerous parts as it involves working in high altitudes and a closed ship cargo tank. Therefore, researchers have been developing devices that will enable mobile robots to operate on vertical walls. The wall-climbing robots have been widely used to attach on the wall such as suction types. These types can be utilized regardless of the wall material. However, it is required to adhere and control the suction cups. To moderate this drawbacks, this paper proposes an automatic painting robot that uses a permanent magnet mobile robot. Using the magnetic characteristics, this robot can move on the boat vertically and horizontally even while hanging on the ceiling of the ship cargo tank. Also, we made a prototype to test adhesive force of the permanent magnet wheel and mobile robot as well as the towing capacity and auto-piloting ability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify wood species of 72 wooden parts (pillar, beam, jangyeo, purlin, judu, soro, bracket, deagong, ceiling panel, etc.) used for Daewungjeon Hall in the Woonsoosa Temple, Busan in Korea. Identified wood species were 67 Pinus spp. (Kesiya group), 4 Carpinus spp. and 1 Quercus spp. (Cerris group). In pillars, 14 red pines and 4 Carpinus and in purlins, 4 red pines and 1 Cerris were found. Other elements were red pines. Carpinus woods, which were used for the lower portions of three pillars (Dongbari), seemed repaired parts. A carved wood used for the stand of Buddhist statues was identified as Alnus spp. This study showed that Daewungjeon Hall of the Woonsoosa Temple was made mostly of red pines.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was development of quantitative ultrasonic test methodology for detecting internal defects in members of ancient wooden building. Connection part between wooden members and/or contacted or hidden part by wall of ceiling or other construction materials make it hard to apply direct way of ultrasonic test. So indirect way of ultrasonic test needed to be applied. Test methodology with newly developed prototype of ultrasonic system was proposed. Homogeneous material with polypropylene was also tested for establishing the criterion. Results showed that TOF(time of flight)-energy and pulse length were found out to be proper ultrasonic parameters for predicting depth of defect in wood different from polypropylene. It was not possible to directly apply prediction equation derived from polypropylene. Newly established prediction equation shows coefficient of determination of 0.73 for wood. Finally, defect of replaced rafter members was predicted with the coefficient of determination of 0.32. Various aspects of ultrasound propagation in wood including anisotropy need to be carefully considered to raise up the prediction accuracy.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Environmental conditions are known to impact human health and behavior, emotions such as pleasure, anxiety, and depression, and reduce stress. Interior design that elevates emotional comfort and satisfaction can help improve mental health and well-being. This study is a systematic review that analyzed previous empirical studies that explored the effect of interior design elements on the user's emotional response which is quantitatively evaluated by bio-signal and qualitatively evaluated through self-reported questionnaire surveys. This paper aims to derive the attributes of interior design and biometric indicators that affect the user's positive emotion through the synthesis of previous studies and to confirm the feasibility of measuring bio-signals as an objective evaluation tool for architectural design and as a quantitative research method. As a result of the review, the biometric data from EEG, fMRI, ECG, EMG, GSR, and eye-tracking were used to measure the participants' emotional responses, which were manifested as positive or negative depending on certain attributes of interior design such as the form, color, lighting, material and furniture. The attributes of interior design related to the positive emotional response were the curved shape, high ceiling, openness of space, and subdued tone colors. Standard lighting conditions and wooden spaces were related to stress reduction in terms of comfort and relaxation. The free arrangement of furniture was related to the user's positive emotions. On the other hand, consistent experimental protocols could not be found, and although the sample sizes of the studies were small, the studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the emotional response measurement by using the biometric data. Therefore this method can be a useful objective tool in the measurement of human-centric data in architectural design, and to develop the evidence-based design to induce positive emotions and minimize stress.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 1997

Most of the greenhouses employ the roll-up type ventilation control system. Torque required to roll-up and down might be theoretically expressed with the weight times radius of the ventilation roll; however, measured torques were two times of the theoretically estimated values. As the window film of roll-up vent is used over the periods of time, the warping and crumpling of the material caused the increase of the torque in addition to a span deformation. Therefore, this study was performed to develop an empirical torque formulae to present basic torque data and to assist the development of roll-up type ventilation control system. The empirically adjusted rolling radius (r＋a) exponentially increased at the maximum span deformation. The coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) was about 0.7―0.8 depending upon the wrinkle status of film material.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.781-789
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• 2009

The absorption coefficients of the materials used in a 1:50 scale model multipurpose hall were measured based on ISO 354 and related laws. The shape and materials for the scale model were evaluated based on reflective surfaces, variable acoustic elements and sound-absorbing quality (125Hz-1kHz average) of seats. The measured average absorption coefficients of audience seats, audience and orchestra were 0.64, 0.74 and 0,45, respectively, which were simulated with the combination of wood, absorption materials and foam board. Various mounting methods for absorption curtain and banner were considered according to the installation methods. The average absorption coefficient was measured as 0.42, 0.47 and 0.45 in the conditions of Type A mounting, E mounting with 0.9 m backing air cavity, and Type G mounting which is suspended at the ceiling, respectively. It was confirmed that the absorption coefficient was increased at low frequency by backing air gap. The finishing material of stage house was an absorption material covered with thin fabric, which aimed average absorption coefficient of 0.68 by using fiber glass board. Each part of the real materials was compared with those of 1:50 scale model and it was found that the absorption characteristics of both cases were similar.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.5029-5037
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of asbestos containing materials and to evaluate risk assessment method in some schools, Korea. For the survey on ACM risk assessment, we used both EPA AHERA rule and ASTM rule. We investigated 100 schools between January and December in 2010. Detection rate of the ACM according to construction year showed that before 1980's, 1990's, 2000's, after 2000's buildings were 100%, 94.1%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Compared with school types, detection rate of the ACM in Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, High, Special Education schools were 100%, 97.1%, 92.9%, 100%, 80%, respectively. Ceiling textiles contained chrysolite/mixed amosite(2~8 %) and wall cement flat boards contained chrysolite(6~11 %). Also, gasket contained chrysolite(16~17 %), slate roof contained chrysolite(10~13 %). In this study, risk assessment EPA AHERA rule of ACM showed that all materials were "Pool" grade. And, ASTM rule risk assessment showed that all materials were "Q&M program" grade.