• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.71-72
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• 2023

Asbestos is a durable and heat-resistant building material used in various building materials such as slate, ceiling tex, and spray paint. It has been banned since 2009 after found to be a first-class carcinogen that causes various cancers and asbestos lung disease. Since workers are likely to be exposed to asbestos in the process of dismantling and removal of asbestos-made building materials and facilities, laws and work standards are proposed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor to ensure the safety of asbestos dismantling work. In addition, prior studies on exposure levels and analysis methods have been conducted in this regard mainly for residents. However, the relation between the results of the risk assessment of the process conducted during the asbestos investigation and the work is still ambiguous for the safety of workers. Therefore, this study proposes a process model development methodology that considers work risk based on the results of a survey from asbestos dismantling companies.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

With the ingenious properties of unconstrained formativeness and frank expression of materiality the exposed concrete became popular with numerous architectures. The application of the exposed concrete has expanded to indoor environments such as commercial and residential spaces beyond the building exteriors with the uncompromising nature of its materiality. The purpose of this study is to conduct sensibility evaluation of the exposed concrete finish in interior spaces. The sensibility evaluation is conducted through a survey on a set of space models of the exposed concrete finish. The three rendered space models were evaluated by emotional vocabulary of 18 pairs of words. The result were as follows: First, the emotions derived from the exposed concrete finish are 'modern', 'cold', 'simple', 'restrained', 'rough', 'dark', 'new', 'chic', 'familiar' and 'eco-friendly'. Second, three sets of space models with alternative materials on walls and floors in exposed concrete interior space showed clear difference in sensibility. A space with the exposed concrete finish on the floor, the walls and the ceiling showed the results of 'cold', 'dark', 'rational' and 'masculine'. In the exposed concrete finish environment with wood flooring 'comfortable', 'warm', 'bright' senses and with white paint finish on the wall 'bright', 'practical', 'ordinary' and 'restrained' senses were obtained. Third, all three images achieved senses of 'chic', 'modern', 'new', 'pleasant', 'environment friendly' and 'satisfactory'. The modernity and stylish expressions of the exposed concrete finish were kept with the application of different material finishes as well as complementing its cold and rough expressions with warmth and brightness.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate asbestos handling history of workers at automobile manufacturing plants in Korea. Methods: National regulations on asbestos and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) database on the information of asbestos containing products were reviewed. We investigated asbestos related materials from one automobile manufacturing plant. Material safety data sheets(MSDS) collected in 2010, work environment monitoring results reported from 2000 to 2013, trade union reports and asbestos survey reports were reviewed. We also interviewed workers with long career and did walk-through survey. Results: The Ministry of Labor in Korea has permitted asbestos manufacturing since 1990. In 1997, the use of crocidolite and amosite asbestos were banned. In 2007, the Korean government announced a total ban on the manufacturing, importation and use of all kinds of asbestos, which took full effect in 2009. A total of 174 asbestos products information from KOSHA database was analyzed. Extruded cement panel for building, special brake for crane farm machinery, gasket, joint sheet and thermal insulator were produced until 2007. From automobile manufacturing plant survey, we confirmed that asbestos containing materials(ACM) such as gasket, heating induction materials have been used until 2011. Asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) such as bamlites, slate and ceiling tex were reported at 122 asbestos dismantling projects in 2014. Conclusion: Although the use of all kinds of asbestos were banned from 2009, ACMs and ACBMs installed before 2009 were still found at automobile manufacturing plant until 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, asbestos slates should be managed because most of slates had not been removed until 2014.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.421-426
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• 2008

In case of the large-scaled indoor gymnasium that has been constructed in the local area, there are many instances for the use as multipurpose space where the public performances are possible such as leisure activity, lecture, assembling activity, drama, concert and so on for the resident together with the purpose of sporting facility. In order for utilization to the maximum of the function of such indoor gymnasium, the acoustic capabilities concerned with Definition of both Voice and Music are simultaneously required. However, in case of the large-scaled athletic facility, since it was designed with high ceiling-height in view of its characteristics, it forms a Sound Focus and then the sound is concentrating to the specific part, and because the vibration of sound is too loud due to its broad volume, the acoustic defects such as many Echoes are arising. On such viewpoint, based on the drawing of the indoor gymnasium that is scheduled to be built at B County, Chonbuk Province, this Study has proposed such indoor gymnasium equipped with the optimized acoustic condition passing through Acoustic Simulation Phase. As the result of Acoustic Simulation, we could design the indoor gymnasium that equipped with really satisfying acoustic performance 'after' reformation compared with 'before' reformation, and it is considering that such material could be utilized as the fundamental material that brings a curtailment effect of the construction cost and also enables us to improve the acoustic performance, at the stage of planning and designing for the similar sporting facility in the future.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.504-516
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• 2009

Korean traditional architecture has been carried out in the manner that it harmonized surrounding natural environments and never disturbed them in the scale which did not overwhelm the nature, based on the view of architecture predicated on Yin Yang School. The exposed grain of the wood like pillar, hinge and house rafte, the linear expression of the construction material and the formation between the window and door monopolizing the front side presented a harmony with the nature showing the linear structure. Furthermore the ceiling is low due to the sit life style thanks to the ondol (Korean under-floor heating system and the furniture was made in simple manner to utilize the space as large as possible, for the interior was narrow and close, and also the furniture placing in the middle of the room was movably manufactured to improve the room space. Like this Korean traditional furniture was close associated with the low height and simplicity and harmonized with the blank of the wall accordingly, and it characterized linear & planar natural beauty focusing on the simple and refined unique beauty, because it was made in a good harmony with the interior utensils. This study has presented that the organic characteristics of Korean traditional aesthetic of architecture and the natural beauty being intrinsic in traditional furniture have a mutual relation on the basis of not only the visual recognition, also the aesthetic of naturalism made of the natural material, the constructional naivety as a frame method and the linear & planar formative beauty shown in appearance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

본 연구는 1975년 서울시 교육위원회에서 발간한 '학교시설 표준설계도'가 중학교 대상 표준도의 초기 사례임에 주목하여 그 계획특성을 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 평면계획에서는 편복도형 블록플랜이 전형적으로 적용된 가운데 유형별로 복도를 없앤 평면형, 일조조건 개선을 위한 $9.9{\times}6.6m$ 교실 모듈, 수납공간의 적극적 계획 등의 변화도 보인다. 둘 째, 일체의 의장이 배제된, 채광면적의 확보를 우선으로 하는 기능적인 입면계획이 적용되었다. 셋 째, 층고, 천정고, 창틀의 설치 위치 등에서 규준화된 단면 치수들이 적용되었으며 노출 천정 구조, 단열구조의 미비, 초기 유형의 목재 바닥틀 혼용 등과 같은 철근 콘크리트조 교사의 과도기적 특성이 보인다. 넷 째, 체육관 계획에서는 다양한 입면구성과 매스의 조형적 처리로 교사동과 대비되는, 학교건축의 상징성을 표출하고자 하는 의도가 나타난다. 다섯 째, 교사동과 이격 배치를 전제로 하는 화장실과 관리실 등의 별동형 계획에서도 동시대 학교건축으로 전환해 가는 과도기적 특성을 발견할 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성들은 표준도에 의한 과거 학교건축의 전형을 보여주면서도 동시에 당시 학교건축에서 요구되는 조건들에 대한 대응 방식과 변화 과정을 파악할 수 있게 한다. 이는 '75년 서울시 표준도'가 가지는 교육시설사 연구 사료로서의 주요한 가치라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate whether there is intensionally changing eye - gaze on the cafe space images with floor finishing materials. In the Yarbus' experiment, he argued that changing information that an observer is asked to obtain from an image changes pattern of eye movements. Based on the scan path evidence, this research have questions as (1) the difference of visual attention on finishing floor material stimulus, (2) visual attention of initial activity time and type of movement paths on AOIs, and (3) visual relation floor area with another AOIs. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI REDn Scientific, which sampled eye position at 30Hz and lasted 2 minutes(120s). Although viewing was binocular, only the right eye was tracked. Of the 66 observers(mean age 22 years, standard deviation: ${\pm}1.82$) who participated in the experiment done by the four point calibration and validation procedures at the beginning tasks. Analyzing qualitative data from the number of fixation and duration on AOIs divided into four parts (AOI I-Floor, AOI II-Wall, AOI III-Ceiling, and AOI IV-Counter) in the stimulus. The results from this experiment analyzed as follows. First, it was significant in the difference of the average number of AOIs fixation times observed for the spatial image using the wood tile flooring material and the polishing tile. The wood tile flooring of stimulus had higher fixation number on AOI-II, AOI-III, and AOI-IV than the polishing tile. On seeing AOI-I was higher attention in the polishing tile stimulus. Second, the observers examined AOI-II intensively in both stimuli. However, the visual intensity was also followed by on the AOI-IV and AOI-I in the wood tile flooring stimulus, and on AOI-I, AO-IV in the polishing tile. Third, visual attention data on each AOIs have divided into the time range of "5 sec" for both images. In the wood tile stimulus, the horizontal movement path followed by AOI-II, AOI-IV, and AOI-II. In the polished tile stimulus, the movement path followed by moving vertically to AOI-II, AOI-I, and AOI-II. This study approached meaningfully and found out the characteristics of visual attention, according to the different intentions of visual attention, the relationship pathways of visual mechanism appeared and also activated by eye-tracking experiments.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2015

Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely recognized among the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in cattle. Five Hanwoo with a history of fever, anorexia and dyspnea were died within 2 days in a the middle of summer. Four cattle were pregnant. The cattle house were located in mountainous area but the window for air ventilation was open only one side. In addition, the fecal material for fermentation was located indoor. Air ceiling fan did not work. The indoor temperature was $40^{\circ}C$. After working on air fan, the indoor temperature was still $36^{\circ}C$. On necropsy, there was fibrinous pleuritis with a rich yellowish pleural fluids in the thorax. The cross-section of the lung showed lobar fibrinonecrotic pneumonia with expanded interlobular septa by edema and fibrin. Microscopically, parenchymal necrosis with dense layer of inflammatory cells were observed surrounding interlobular septum. Fibrin and inflammatory cells were filled in the alveoli. Bacteriological cultures of pulmonary tissue showed growth of M. haemolytica. This pneumonia case in Hanwoo suggests that environmental stressors such as high temperature, insufficient air ventilation, and pregnancy be the cause of mannheimoisis. Control of environmental stressor, such as temperature indoor is necessary to prevent BRD caused by M. haemolytica.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

The objectives of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Chinese traditionality expression at restaurants in Beijing area. 12 restaurants were selected and visited for the investigation research. The results were as follows. First, traditional reproduction was found mainly manifested through the reproduction of traditional ornaments, in particular, the facade and interior element ornaments. Second, Traditional transformation was mainly manifested in replacement material while changing the shape slightly, or to stretch or shorten prototype shape and other negative deformation methods which did not largely out of the scope of traditional reproduction. Third, Traditional reinterpretation was expressed by abstract, symbol or metaphor on designs, usually people can not directly recognize the traditional archetype. When compare with traditional reproduction or traditional transformation, traditional reinterpretation was relatively fewer, however, in this study the traditional reinterpretation and traditional transformation have same numerical result. Reinterpretation as a positive performance method of traditional modernized, it was encouraging the phenomenon, especially in the ceiling design. Chinese traditional cloud patterns have been three-dimensional and diversification of use. And in the wall design, traditional elements have been extremely simplistic or adopted a wide variety of traditional elements, it may be preferred in diversity. In addition, furniture was tinge traditional elements in modern form, lighting was added symbolize color or picture on the traditional lighting which shape was simplified to emphasize space's traditional. But the facade, sign board, floor, and window element seems the range of variation was not wild, promote more use the positive traditional reinterpretation method.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the basis data for methods of the plan to make the office space of the psychological environment by survey of preference to users in Department Store. The results are as follows : First, we could know that the space plan has to be considered the privacy and sociality for the psychological environment in office space. Second, we could know that there are efficient methods of space plan to use the cutoff division by partitions, the psychological division by furniture and the sensitive division by material for privacy in office and resting space. For sociality, there are efficient arrangement methods to plan by division type in office space and by opening type in resting space. And it is good method to use by color that is one in esthetical elements. Third, if we considered users, it is good method to use partitions to cutoff from the floor to the ceiling for privacy in office space and to use movable furnitures to cutoff for privacy in resting space. Forth, we could know that there is the difference in methods of space plan to be preferred by user's variables for privacy and sociality in office and resting spaces. Thus, i think that we have to study considering user's variables and types of department store.